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Bioengineering
Special Issues
Cell–Biomaterial Interactions
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Cell–Biomaterial Interactions

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 42535

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Amol V. Janorkar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
Interests: synthesis and modification of polymeric biomaterials; tissue engineering; multi-component drug delivery systems; in vitro tissue and disease models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The native extracellular matrix provides dynamic and spatially heterogeneous microstructural, mechanical, and compositional cues that can influence cell behavior. The ability to mimic such complex in vivo cell–microenvironment interactions is essential to the success of an implant biomaterial. The cell–biomaterial interactions, such as three-dimensional orientation and architecture of cells, controlling cell–cell contact and communication with microscale resolution and directing cell behavior to achieve appropriate biological function, are also critical to the development of the next-generation tissue engineering scaffolds. To direct cell behavior, traditional surface modification methods have been developed for scaffolds where cell contact is expected primarily at the scaffold surface. However, as the tissue engineering research progresses into creating three-dimensional scaffold materials where cellular in-growth into the scaffold will be deemed essential, new modification methods will be required.

For this Special Issue on “Cell–Biomaterial Interactions”, I am inviting original research papers and comprehensive reviews on all innovative developments that provide fundamental insights about cell–cell, cell–matrix, and cell–microenvironment interactions, including but not limited to the following topics:

  • Integration of microstructural, mechanical, and compositional cues for engineering complex tissue systems;
  • Substrate guided stem cell behavior;
  • Interaction of specific cell types with materials;
  • Modification of three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds by grafting and patterning of small molecules, polymers, and/or ligands;
  • Characterization methods to ascertain a successfully modified three-dimensional scaffold and cellular interactions with such scaffolds;
  • New developments in materials that are responsive to environmental cues (e.g., temperature, pH, or cellular products).

Prof. Amol V. Janorkar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 197 KiB  
Editorial
Cell–Biomaterial Interactions
by Vincent Deplaigne and Gael Y. Rochefort
Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 241; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering10020241 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 773
Abstract
In animals, the extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a three-dimensional network occupying the intercellular spaces (interstitial matrix) or serving as physical and biochemical support for cells and tissues (basement membrane) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)

Research

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12 pages, 2264 KiB  
Article
Elastin-Collagen Based Hydrogels as Model Scaffolds to Induce Three-Dimensional Adipocyte Culture from Adipose Derived Stem Cells
by Kristen Newman, Kendra Clark, Bhuvaneswari Gurumurthy, Pallabi Pal and Amol V. Janorkar
Bioengineering 2020, 7(3), 110; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering7030110 - 12 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4036
Abstract
This study aimed to probe the effect of formulation of scaffolds prepared using collagen and elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and their resulting physico-chemical and mechanical properties on the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs). Six different ELP-collagen scaffolds were prepared by [...] Read more.
This study aimed to probe the effect of formulation of scaffolds prepared using collagen and elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and their resulting physico-chemical and mechanical properties on the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs). Six different ELP-collagen scaffolds were prepared by varying the collagen concentration (2 and 6 mg/mL), ELP addition (6 mg/mL), or crosslinking of the scaffolds. FTIR spectroscopy indicated secondary bonding interactions between collagen and ELP, while scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous structure for all scaffolds. Increased collagen concentration, ELP addition, and presence of crosslinking decreased swelling ratio and increased elastic modulus and compressive strength of the scaffolds. The scaffold characteristics influenced cell morphology, wherein the hASCs seeded in the softer, non-crosslinked scaffolds displayed a spread morphology. We determined that stiffer and/or crosslinked elastin-collagen based scaffolds constricted the spreading of hASCs, leading to a spheroid morphology and yielded an enhanced adipogenic differentiation as indicated by Oil Red O staining. Overall, this study underscored the importance of spheroid morphology in adipogenic differentiation, which will allow researchers to create more physiologically-relevant three-dimensional, in vitro culture models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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12 pages, 3050 KiB  
Article
MMP24 as a Target of YAP Is a Potential Prognostic Factor in Cancer Patients
by Wataru Sugimoto, Katsuhiko Itoh, Hiroaki Hirata, Yoshinori Abe, Takeru Torii, Yasumasa Mitsui, Yemima Budirahardja, Nobuyuki Tanaka and Keiko Kawauchi
Bioengineering 2020, 7(1), 18; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering7010018 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5423
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cancer cells becomes stiffer during tumor progression, which influences cancer cell behaviors such as invasion and proliferation through modulation of gene expression as well as remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we show that MMP24 encoding [...] Read more.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cancer cells becomes stiffer during tumor progression, which influences cancer cell behaviors such as invasion and proliferation through modulation of gene expression as well as remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we show that MMP24 encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-24 is a novel target gene of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription coactivator known as a mechanotransducer. We first examined the effect of substrate stiffness on MMP24 expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and showed that the expression of MMP24 was significantly higher in cells grown on stiff substrates than that on soft substrates. The MMP24 expression was significantly reduced by knockdown of YAP. In contrast, the expression of constitutively active YAP increased MMP24 promoter activity. In addition, binding of YAP to the MMP24 promoter was confirmed by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. These results show that ECM stiffening promotes YAP activation, thereby inducing MMP24 expression. Based on the Human Protein Atlas database, breast cancer patients with lower MMP24 expression exhibit the worse survival rates overall. Thus, MMP24 may negatively regulate the aggressiveness of cancer cells under the stiff ECM environment during tumor progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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Review

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18 pages, 1297 KiB  
Review
Hydrogel Models with Stiffness Gradients for Interrogating Pancreatic Cancer Cell Fate
by Chun-Yi Chang and Chien-Chi Lin
Bioengineering 2021, 8(3), 37; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering8030037 - 13 Mar 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5099
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and [...] Read more.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and hypovascularized fibrotic tissue, which is composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrices. Increase deposition and crosslinking of matrices by stromal cells lead to a heterogeneous microenvironment that aids in PDAC development. In the past decade, various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Advances in hydrogel chemistry and engineering should provide a venue for discovering new insights regarding how matrix properties govern PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. These engineered hydrogels are ideal for understanding how variation in matrix properties contributes to the progressiveness of cancer cells, including durotaxis, the directional migration of cells in response to a stiffness gradient. This review surveys the various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models and the methods to generate gradient stiffness for studying migration and other cancer cell fate processes in PDAC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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23 pages, 3740 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms of the Osteogenic Switch of Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Calcification: WNT Signaling, BMPs, Mechanotransduction, and EndMT
by John Tyson, Kaylee Bundy, Cameron Roach, Hannah Douglas, Valerie Ventura, Mary Frances Segars, Olivia Schwartz and C. LaShan Simpson
Bioengineering 2020, 7(3), 88; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering7030088 - 06 Aug 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 8660
Abstract
Characterized by the hardening of arteries, vascular calcification is the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the arterial tissue. Calcification is now understood to be a cell-regulated process involving the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. There are various pathways [...] Read more.
Characterized by the hardening of arteries, vascular calcification is the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the arterial tissue. Calcification is now understood to be a cell-regulated process involving the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. There are various pathways of initiation and mechanisms behind vascular calcification, but this literature review highlights the wingless-related integration site (WNT) pathway, along with bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and mechanical strain. The process mirrors that of bone formation and remodeling, as an increase in mechanical stress causes osteogenesis. Observing the similarities between the two may aid in the development of a deeper understanding of calcification. Both are thought to be regulated by the WNT signaling cascade and bone morphogenetic protein signaling and can also be activated in response to stress. In a pro-calcific environment, integrins and cadherins of vascular smooth muscle cells respond to a mechanical stimulus, activating cellular signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in gene regulation that promotes calcification of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM). The endothelium is also thought to contribute to vascular calcification via endothelial to mesenchymal transition, creating greater cell plasticity. Each of these factors contributes to calcification, leading to increased cardiovascular mortality in patients, especially those suffering from other conditions, such as diabetes and kidney failure. Developing a better understanding of the mechanisms behind calcification may lead to the development of a potential treatment in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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17 pages, 2703 KiB  
Review
Prospects and Challenges of Translational Corneal Bioprinting
by Matthias Fuest, Gary Hin-Fai Yam, Jodhbir S. Mehta and Daniela F. Duarte Campos
Bioengineering 2020, 7(3), 71; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering7030071 - 06 Jul 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 6958
Abstract
Corneal transplantation remains the ultimate treatment option for advanced stromal and endothelial disorders. Corneal tissue engineering has gained increasing interest in recent years, as it can bypass many complications of conventional corneal transplantation. The human cornea is an ideal organ for tissue engineering, [...] Read more.
Corneal transplantation remains the ultimate treatment option for advanced stromal and endothelial disorders. Corneal tissue engineering has gained increasing interest in recent years, as it can bypass many complications of conventional corneal transplantation. The human cornea is an ideal organ for tissue engineering, as it is avascular and immune-privileged. Mimicking the complex mechanical properties, the surface curvature, and stromal cytoarchitecure of the in vivo corneal tissue remains a great challenge for tissue engineering approaches. For this reason, automated biofabrication strategies, such as bioprinting, may offer additional spatial control during the manufacturing process to generate full-thickness cell-laden 3D corneal constructs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in bioprinting and biomaterials used for in vitro and ex vivo corneal tissue engineering, corneal cell-biomaterial interactions after bioprinting, and future directions of corneal bioprinting aiming at engineering a full-thickness human cornea in the lab. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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30 pages, 3014 KiB  
Review
Regulation of the Ocular Cell/Tissue Response by Implantable Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Systems
by Francesco Baino and Saeid Kargozar
Bioengineering 2020, 7(3), 65; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering7030065 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4959
Abstract
Therapeutic advancements in the treatment of various ocular diseases is often linked to the development of efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs), which would allow a sustained release while maintaining therapeutic drug levels in the target tissues. In this way, ocular tissue/cell response can [...] Read more.
Therapeutic advancements in the treatment of various ocular diseases is often linked to the development of efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs), which would allow a sustained release while maintaining therapeutic drug levels in the target tissues. In this way, ocular tissue/cell response can be properly modulated and designed in order to produce a therapeutic effect. An ideal ocular DDS should encapsulate and release the appropriate drug concentration to the target tissue (therapeutic but non-toxic level) while preserving drug functionality. Furthermore, a constant release is usually preferred, keeping the initial burst to a minimum. Different materials are used, modified, and combined in order to achieve a sustained drug release in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. After giving a picture of the different strategies adopted for ocular drug release, this review article provides an overview of the biomaterials that are used as drug carriers in the eye, including micro- and nanospheres, liposomes, hydrogels, and multi-material implants; the advantages and limitations of these DDSs are discussed in reference to the major ocular applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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15 pages, 691 KiB  
Review
Hepatic Differentiation of Stem Cells in 2D and 3D Biomaterial Systems
by Xiaoyu Zhao, Yanlun Zhu, Andrew L. Laslett and Hon Fai Chan
Bioengineering 2020, 7(2), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bioengineering7020047 - 25 May 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5865
Abstract
A critical shortage of donor livers for treating end-stage liver failure signifies the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) derived from various stem cells represent a promising cell source for hepatocyte transplantation, liver tissue engineering, and development of a bioartificial [...] Read more.
A critical shortage of donor livers for treating end-stage liver failure signifies the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) derived from various stem cells represent a promising cell source for hepatocyte transplantation, liver tissue engineering, and development of a bioartificial liver assist device. At present, the protocols of hepatic differentiation of stem cells are optimized based on soluble chemical signals introduced in the culture medium and the HLC produced typically retain an immature phenotype. To promote further hepatic differentiation and maturation, biomaterials can be designed to recapitulate cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in both 2D and 3D configurations. In this review, we will summarize and compare various 2D and 3D biomaterial systems that have been applied to hepatic differentiation, and highlight their roles in presenting biochemical and physical cues to different stem cell sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell–Biomaterial Interactions)
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