Epigenetic Regulation of High-Grade Glioma Plasticity

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 7222

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Neuroscience Paris Seine-IBPS-CNRS UMR 8246-INSERM U1130, Biology Department, Sorbonne University Team "Glial Plasticity and Neuro-Oncology", Paris, France
Interests: brain tumors; metabolism; epigenetics; signaling pathways; functional cell states; single-cell RNAseq
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Guest Editor
Director of Reasearch, Team leader: Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity and Functional Intra-tumor Heterogeneity, Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), UMR CNRS 7277- UMR INSERM 1091, UNSA, France
Interests: brain tumors; cancer stem cells; Intra-tumor heterogeneity; epigenetic regulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most common and devastating form of primary malignant brain tumors. Despite the fact that multimodal therapies combine surgery and radio/chemotherapy, the survival rate of HGG patients remains very poor. HGGs are characterized by an exceptional intratumoral heterogeneity, resulting in the coexistence of cancer cell populations in distinct functional states, with respect to stem-like properties, proliferation, migration capacity, pro-angiogenic properties, drug resistance or tumorigenicity. Such a functional heterogeneity confuses the prognosis and constitutes a major obstacle for conventional anti-tumor therapies. One source of this functional heterogeneity relies on HGG cell plasticity, which endows them with the ability to switch in a reversible manner from one functional state to another in response to changes in their microenvironment. This functional plasticity, characterized by a complex regulation of gene expression, is mainly orchestrated by epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and various RNA-based mechanisms. The pivotal role of epigenetic modifications stems from their location downstream of several cell signaling processes, including growth factors, hormones, cell­-cell interactions and metabolism reprograming. As a consequence, epigenetics act as a bottleneck by integrating all the upstream signals.

The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight the importance of epigenetic processes in the regulation of HGG plasticity.

We invite submission of both original research and review articles that cover, but are not restricted to, the following areas:

- non-coding RNA and HGG plasticity

-Histone modifications and HGG plasticity

- Metabolic control of epigenome and HGG plasticity

- DNA methylation and HGG plasticity

- 3D chromatin organisation and HGG plasticity 

Prof. Dr. Elias A. El-Habr
Dr. Thierry Virolle
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Glioblastoma, Intra-tumoral heterogeneity, Metabolites, Epigenetic modifiers, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation, miRNA, lncRNA

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

21 pages, 1990 KiB  
Review
Regulation of EMT Markers, Extracellular Matrix, and Associated Signalling Pathways by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Glioblastoma Mesenchymal Transition: A Scoping Review
by Dexter Hoi Long Leung, Brandon Wee Siang Phon, Mageswary Sivalingam, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan and Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
Biology 2023, 12(6), 818; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology12060818 - 04 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) mesenchymal (MES) transition can be regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) via modulation of various factors (Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal (EMT) markers, biological signalling, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)). However, understanding of these mechanisms in terms of lncRNAs is largely sparse. This review systematically [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) mesenchymal (MES) transition can be regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) via modulation of various factors (Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal (EMT) markers, biological signalling, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)). However, understanding of these mechanisms in terms of lncRNAs is largely sparse. This review systematically analysed the mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence MES transition in GBM from a systematic search of the literature (using PRISMA) performed in five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science). We identified a total of 62 lncRNAs affiliated with GBM MES transition, of which 52 were upregulated and 10 were downregulated in GBM cells, where 55 lncRNAs were identified to regulate classical EMT markers in GBM (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) and 25 lncRNAs were reported to regulate EMT transcription factors (ZEB1, Snai1, Slug, Twist, and Notch); a total of 16 lncRNAs were found to regulate the associated signalling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3k/Akt/mTOR, TGFβ, and NF-κB) and 14 lncRNAs were reported to regulate ECM components (MMP2/9, fibronectin, CD44, and integrin-β1). A total of 25 lncRNAs were found dysregulated in clinical samples (TCGA vs. GTEx), of which 17 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated. Gene set enrichment analysis predicted the functions of HOXAS3, H19, HOTTIP, MEG3, DGCR5, and XIST at the transcriptional and translational levels based on their interacting target proteins. Our analysis observed that the MES transition is regulated by complex interplays between the signalling pathways and EMT factors. Nevertheless, further empirical studies are required to elucidate the complexity in this process between these EMT factors and the signalling involved in the GBM MES transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetic Regulation of High-Grade Glioma Plasticity)
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19 pages, 2135 KiB  
Review
Adapt to Persist: Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Epigenetic Regulation on Cell Plasticity
by Daniel Uribe, Ignacio Niechi, Gorjana Rackov, José I. Erices, Rody San Martín and Claudia Quezada
Biology 2022, 11(2), 313; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biology11020313 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4324
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor, characterized by great resistance to treatments, as well as inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. GBM exhibits infiltration, vascularization and hypoxia-associated necrosis, characteristics that shape a unique microenvironment in which diverse cell types are integrated. [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor, characterized by great resistance to treatments, as well as inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. GBM exhibits infiltration, vascularization and hypoxia-associated necrosis, characteristics that shape a unique microenvironment in which diverse cell types are integrated. A subpopulation of cells denominated GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) exhibits multipotency and self-renewal capacity. GSCs are considered the conductors of tumor progression due to their high tumorigenic capacity, enhanced proliferation, invasion and therapeutic resistance compared to non-GSCs cells. GSCs have been classified into two molecular subtypes: proneural and mesenchymal, the latter showing a more aggressive phenotype. Tumor microenvironment and therapy can induce a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, as a mechanism of adaptation and resistance to treatments. In addition, GSCs can transition between quiescent and proliferative substates, allowing them to persist in different niches and adapt to different stages of tumor progression. Three niches have been described for GSCs: hypoxic/necrotic, invasive and perivascular, enhancing metabolic changes and cellular interactions shaping GSCs phenotype through metabolic changes and cellular interactions that favor their stemness. The phenotypic flexibility of GSCs to adapt to each niche is modulated by dynamic epigenetic modifications. Methylases, demethylases and histone deacetylase are deregulated in GSCs, allowing them to unlock transcriptional programs that are necessary for cell survival and plasticity. In this review, we described the effects of GSCs plasticity on GBM progression, discussing the role of GSCs niches on modulating their phenotype. Finally, we described epigenetic alterations in GSCs that are important for stemness, cell fate and therapeutic resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetic Regulation of High-Grade Glioma Plasticity)
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