Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2022) | Viewed by 3936

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
Interests: autoimmune disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Studying rare diseases with a Mendelian mode of inheritance such as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1 (APS-1) could be a powerful tool to dissect the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of associated common autoimmune diseases. These include Addison’s disease, hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D) autoimmune hepatitis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata.

APS 1 is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. AIRE regulates promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRA) in the thymus and plays an important role in central tolerance mechanisms. As the expression of TRA genes in the thymus is under the control of AIRE and the autoimmune attack is targeting peripheral tissues expressing these TRA, the therapy of autoimmunity diseases should be directed toward the thymus rather than the peripheral tissues. This Special Issue elaborates on this and sheds light on the role of AIRE in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases associated with APS 1.

Dr. Rachid Tazi-Ahnini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • autoimmune regulator (AIRE)
  • autoimmune disease
  • thymic selection
  • tissue-restricted antigens

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 994 KiB  
Review
B Cells and Autoantibodies in AIRE Deficiency
by Anette S. B. Wolff, Sarah Braun, Eystein S. Husebye and Bergithe E. Oftedal
Biomedicines 2021, 9(9), 1274; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9091274 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3208
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare but severe monogenetic autoimmune endocrine disease caused by failure of the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE). AIRE regulates the negative selection of T cells in the thymus, and the main pathogenic mechanisms are believed to be [...] Read more.
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare but severe monogenetic autoimmune endocrine disease caused by failure of the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE). AIRE regulates the negative selection of T cells in the thymus, and the main pathogenic mechanisms are believed to be T cell-mediated, but little is known about the role of B cells. Here, we give an overview of the role of B cells in thymic and peripheral tolerance in APS-1 patients and different AIRE-deficient mouse models. We also look closely into which autoantibodies have been described for this disorder, and their implications. Based on what is known about B cell therapy in other autoimmune disorders, we outline the potential of B cell therapies in APS-1 and highlight the unresolved research questions to be answered. Full article
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