Editorial

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3 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies

by Qingping Dou

Biomolecules 2022, 12(9), 1221; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom12091221 - 02 Sep 2022

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Abstract

Cancer continues to be an increasingly pervasive and destructive disease worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

Research

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18 pages, 4542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Approach to Inhibiting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Antiangiogenic Effect of BthTx-II, a PLA₂-Asp-49 from Bothrops jararacussu Venom

by Fernanda Van Petten de Vasconcelos Azevedo, Daiana Silva Lopes, Mariana Alves Pereira Zóia, Lucas Ian Veloso Correia, Natieli Saito, Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca, Lorena Polloni, Samuel Cota Teixeira, Luiz Ricardo Goulart and Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila

Biomolecules 2022, 12(2), 258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom12020258 - 04 Feb 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2393

Abstract

Phospholipases A₂ (PLA₂) represent a superfamily of enzymes widely distributed in living organisms, with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential. Anti-angiogenic strategies have become one of the main tools in fighting cancer. In this sense, the present [...] Read more.

Phospholipases A₂ (PLA₂) represent a superfamily of enzymes widely distributed in living organisms, with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential. Anti-angiogenic strategies have become one of the main tools in fighting cancer. In this sense, the present work reports the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis induced by Asp-49 BthTX-II using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches. We demonstrate that BthTx-II inhibited cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as well as caused a reduction in the levels of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during in vitro angiogenesis assays. BthTx-II was also able to inhibit the sprouting angiogenic process, by the ex vivo germination assay of the aortic ring; in addition, this toxin inhibited the migration and proliferation of HUVEC in co-culture with triple-negative breast cancer cells (e.g., MDA-MB-231 cells). Finally, in vivo tumor suppression and anti-angiogenic activities were analyzed using MDA-MB-231 cells with Matrigel injected into the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo (CAM) for 7 days treatment with BthTx-II, showing a considerable reduction in vessel caliber, on the size and weight of tumors. Together, these results suggest an important antiangiogenic and antitumor role for BthTx-II, as a potential prototype for the development of new tools and antitumor drugs in cancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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16 pages, 6327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Screening Plasma Exosomal RNAs as Diagnostic Markers for Cervical Cancer: An Analysis of Patients Who Underwent Primary Chemoradiotherapy

by Oyeon Cho, Do-Wan Kim and Jae-Youn Cheong

Biomolecules 2021, 11(11), 1691; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11111691 - 14 Nov 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2210

Abstract

This preliminary study aimed to screen non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) from plasma exosomes as a new method for cervical cancer diagnosis. Differentially expressed RNAs were initially selected from among a group of 12 healthy individuals (normal group) and a pretreatment group of 30 patients [...] Read more.

This preliminary study aimed to screen non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) from plasma exosomes as a new method for cervical cancer diagnosis. Differentially expressed RNAs were initially selected from among a group of 12 healthy individuals (normal group) and a pretreatment group of 30 patients with cervical cancer (cancer group). Then, we analyzed the association between an ncRNA-mRNA network and cancer using ingenuity pathway analysis after secondary selection according to the number and correlation of mRNAs (or ncRNAs) relative to changes in the expression of primarily selected ncRNAs (or mRNAs) before and after chemoradiotherapy. The number of RNAs selected from the initial RNAs was one from 13 miRNAs, four from 42 piRNAs, four from 28 lncRNAs, nine from 18 snoRNAs, 10 from 76 snRNAs, nine from 474 tRNAs, nine from 64 yRNAs, and five from 67 mRNAs. The combination of miRNA (miR-142-3p), mRNAs (CXCL5, KIF2A, RGS18, APL6IP5, and DAPP1), and snoRNAs (SNORD17, SCARNA12, SNORA6, SNORA12, SCRNA1, SNORD97, SNORD62, and SNORD38A) clearly distinguished the normal samples from the cancer group samples. We present a method for efficiently screening eight classes of RNAs isolated from exosomes for cervical cancer diagnosis using mRNAs (or ncRNAs) altered by chemoradiotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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18 pages, 5055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Xanthone Derivatives Impair Growth and Invasiveness of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro

by Jakub Rech, Daniel Sypniewski, Dorota Żelaszczyk, Natalia Szkaradek, Wojciech Rogóż, Anna Waszkielewicz, Henryk Marona and Ilona Bednarek

Biomolecules 2021, 11(10), 1480; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11101480 - 07 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2193

Abstract

Natural xanthones are a large group of compounds from which promising anticancer properties could be further developed by chemical modifications. This study aimed to investigate the influence of four novel xanthone derivatives based on a naturally occurring xanthone skeleton on the invasiveness of [...] Read more.

Natural xanthones are a large group of compounds from which promising anticancer properties could be further developed by chemical modifications. This study aimed to investigate the influence of four novel xanthone derivatives based on a naturally occurring xanthone skeleton on the invasiveness of colon cancer cells in vitro. First, the concentrations required to inhibit growth of three colorectal cancer cell lines to 50% (GI₅₀) of all the studied compounds, as well as the natural xanthones used as a reference (gambogic acid and α-mangostin), have been established (MTS reduction test). Next, the assays determining several aspects of the GI₂₅ xanthones influence on colorectal cancer cells, including cytotoxicity, migration and invasion potential, interaction with extracellular matrix and endothelial cells, as well as expression of selected invasiveness related genes have been performed. Our results demonstrate that these novel xanthone derivatives impair colorectal cancer proliferation, motility, adhesion to extracellular matrix and to endothelial cells, and also induce apoptosis and cell death. Moreover, their activity is comparable to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, used as reference compounds. Conducted research indicates our compounds for further research and development as novel drugs in colorectal cancer treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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17 pages, 2691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensitivity of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia Cells to the Dienone Compound VLX1570 Is Associated with Inhibition of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System

by Karthik Selvaraju, Kourosh Lotfi, Johannes Gubat, Maria Miquel, Amanda Nilsson, Julia Hill, Lasse D. Jensen, Stig Linder and Pádraig D’Arcy

Biomolecules 2021, 11(9), 1339; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11091339 - 10 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2276

Abstract

Dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl pharmacophore have been widely reported to show tumor cell selectivity. These compounds target the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. The induction of oxidative stress, depletion of glutathione, and induction of [...] Read more.

Dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl pharmacophore have been widely reported to show tumor cell selectivity. These compounds target the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. The induction of oxidative stress, depletion of glutathione, and induction of high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes have also been reported. We here examined the response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells to the dienone compound VLX1570. AML cells have relatively high protein turnover rates and have also been reported to be sensitive to depletion of reduced glutathione. We found AML cells of diverse cytogenetic backgrounds to be sensitive to VLX1570, with drug exposure resulting in an accumulation of ubiquitin complexes, induction of ER stress, and the loss of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Caspase activation was observed but was not required for the loss of cell viability. Glutathione depletion was also observed but did not correlate to VLX1570 sensitivity. Formation of HMW complexes occurred at higher concentrations of VLX1570 than those required for the loss of cell viability and was not enhanced by glutathione depletion. To study the effect of VLX1570 we developed a zebrafish PDX model of AML and confirmed antigrowth activity in vivo. Our results show that VLX1570 induces UPS inhibition in AML cells and encourage further work in developing compounds useful for cancer therapeutics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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11 pages, 2112 KiB

Open AccessArticle

4,6′-Anhydrooxysporidinone from Fusarium lateritium SSF2 Induces Autophagic and Apoptosis Cell Death in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

by Dahae Lee, Sanghee Shim and Kisung Kang

Biomolecules 2021, 11(6), 869; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11060869 - 11 Jun 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2698

Abstract

Previous studies have reported that 4,6′-Anhydrooxysporidinone (SSF2-2), isolated from Fusarium lateritium SSF2, has neuroprotective effects on the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. However, the anti-cancer effect of SSF2-2 remains unclear. Here, we examined the viability of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells treated with [...] Read more.

Previous studies have reported that 4,6′-Anhydrooxysporidinone (SSF2-2), isolated from Fusarium lateritium SSF2, has neuroprotective effects on the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. However, the anti-cancer effect of SSF2-2 remains unclear. Here, we examined the viability of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells treated with SSF2-2 or left untreated using a cell viability assay kit. The underlying molecular mechanism was further investigated by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry studies. The results demonstrated that SSF2-2 inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells. Treatment with SSF2-2 increased the levels of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-7, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and LC3B. Additionally, SSF2-2 significantly increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3II and LC3-positive puncta in MCF-7 cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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Review

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17 pages, 2500 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Breast Cancer Treatment: The Case of Gold(I)-Based Compounds as a Promising Class of Bioactive Molecules

by Rossana Galassi, Lorenzo Luciani, Junbiao Wang, Silvia Vincenzetti, Lishan Cui, Augusto Amici, Stefania Pucciarelli and Cristina Marchini

Biomolecules 2022, 12(1), 80; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom12010080 - 05 Jan 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2500

Abstract

Breast cancers (BCs) may present dramatic diagnoses, both for ineffective therapies and for the limited outcomes in terms of lifespan. For these types of tumors, the search for new drugs is a primary necessity. It is widely recognized that gold compounds are highly [...] Read more.

Breast cancers (BCs) may present dramatic diagnoses, both for ineffective therapies and for the limited outcomes in terms of lifespan. For these types of tumors, the search for new drugs is a primary necessity. It is widely recognized that gold compounds are highly active and extremely potent as anticancer agents against many cancer cell lines. The presence of the metal plays an essential role in the activation of the cytotoxicity of these coordination compounds, whose activity, if restricted to the ligands alone, would be non-existent. On the other hand, gold exhibits a complex biochemistry, substantially variable depending on the chemical environments around the central metal. In this review, the scientific findings of the last 6–7 years on two classes of gold(I) compounds, containing phosphane or carbene ligands, are reviewed. In addition to this class of Au(I) compounds, the recent developments in the application of Auranofin in regards to BCs are reported. Auranofin is a triethylphosphine-thiosugar compound that, being a drug approved by the FDA—therefore extensively studied—is an interesting lead gold compound and a good comparison to understand the activities of structurally related Au(I) compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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15 pages, 1084 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm, EPLIN, the Cellular and Molecular Prospects in Cancers

by Jianyuan Zeng, Wen G. Jiang and Andrew J. Sanders

Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 1038; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11071038 - 16 Jul 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3000

Abstract

Epithelial Protein Lost In Neoplasm (EPLIN), also known as LIMA1 (LIM Domain And Actin Binding 1), was first discovered as a protein differentially expressed in normal and cancerous cell lines. It is now known to be key to the progression and metastasis of [...] Read more.

Epithelial Protein Lost In Neoplasm (EPLIN), also known as LIMA1 (LIM Domain And Actin Binding 1), was first discovered as a protein differentially expressed in normal and cancerous cell lines. It is now known to be key to the progression and metastasis of certain solid tumours. Despite a slow pace in understanding the biological role in cells and body systems, as well as its clinical implications in the early years since its discovery, recent years have witnessed a rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms of this protein in cells, diseases and indeed the body. EPLIN has drawn more attention over the past few years with its roles expanding from cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics, to cell cycle, gene regulation, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and lipid metabolism. This concise review summarises and discusses the recent progress in understanding EPLIN in biological processes and its implications in cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Molecules: Structures, Functions, and Potential Uses for Cancer Prevention and Targeted Therapies)

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