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Biomolecules
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New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and...
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New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and Therapeutic Targeting

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 10936

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Elena Monica Borroni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
2. Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
Interests: immunology; immundeficiencies; tumors; chemokine receptors; signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Benedetta Savino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
2. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
Interests: immunology; tumors; macrophages
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammation is a physiological response of the host to infectious or sterile tissue damage with the primary purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. However, failure in the regulation of inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of several disorders, including metabolic syndromes, autoimmunity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies, and cancer. The fine-tuning of inflammation involves various cellular pathways to endogenously generated mediators; it includes changing in cytokines and lipid mediators, apoptosis of inflammatory infiltrating cells and macrophage polarization towards a pro-resolved phenotype. In this Special Issue, “New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and Therapeutic Targeting”, we invite investigators to contribute with high-quality original research and review articles focused on molecular, cellular and genetic determinants involved in regulation of inflammation as a basis for the development of innovative approaches for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.

Prof. Dr. Elena Monica Borroni
Dr. Benedetta Savino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1389 KiB  
Article
Chronic Bedridden Condition Is Reflected by Substantial Changes in Plasma Inflammatory Profile
by Roberta Magliozzi, Anna Pedrinolla, Stefania Rossi, Anna Maria Stabile, Elisa Danese, Giuseppe Lippi, Federico Schena, Massimiliano Calabrese and Massimo Venturelli Venturelli
Biomolecules 2022, 12(12), 1867; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom12121867 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
Absent or reduced physical activity and spontaneous movement over days, weeks, or even years may lead to problems in almost every major organ/system in the human body. In this study, we investigated whether the dysregulation and alteration of plasma protein inflammatory profiling can [...] Read more.
Absent or reduced physical activity and spontaneous movement over days, weeks, or even years may lead to problems in almost every major organ/system in the human body. In this study, we investigated whether the dysregulation and alteration of plasma protein inflammatory profiling can stratify chronic bedridden conditions observed in 22 elderly chronic bedridden (CBR) individuals with respect to 11 age-matched active (OLD) controls. By using a combination of immune-assay multiplex techniques, a complex of 27 inflammatory mediators was assessed in the plasma collected from the two groups. A specific plasma protein signature is indeed able to distinguish IPO individuals from age-matched OLD controls; while significantly (p < 0.001) higher protein levels of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-12p70 were measured in the plasma of CBR with respect to OLD individuals, significantly (p < 0.01) higher levels of seven inflammatory mediators, including IL-9, PDGF-b, CCL4 (MIP-1b), CCL5 (RANTES), IL-1Ra, CXCL10 (IP10), and CCL2 (MCP-1), were identified in OLD individuals with respect to CBR individuals. These data suggest that the chronic absence of physical activity may contribute to the dysregulation of a complex molecular pattern occurring with ageing and that specific plasma protein signatures may represent potential biomarkers as well as new potential therapeutic targets for new treatments aimed at improving health expectancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and Therapeutic Targeting)
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13 pages, 1128 KiB  
Article
Stretch Causes Cell Stress and the Downregulation of Nrf2 in Primary Amnion Cells
by Justin Gary Padron, Nainoa D. Norman Ing, Po’okela K. Ng and Claire E. Kendal-Wright
Biomolecules 2022, 12(6), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12060766 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2083
Abstract
Nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor for the regulation of cellular responses to cellular stress and inflammation, and its expression is significantly lower after spontaneous term labor in human fetal membranes. Pathological induction of inflammation can lead to adverse pregnancy [...] Read more.
Nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor for the regulation of cellular responses to cellular stress and inflammation, and its expression is significantly lower after spontaneous term labor in human fetal membranes. Pathological induction of inflammation can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, and fetal death. As stretch forces are known to act upon the fetal membranes in utero, we aimed to ascertain the effect of stretch on Nrf2 to increase our understanding of the role of this stimulus on cells of the amnion at term. Our results indicated a significant reduction in Nrf2 expression in stretched isolated human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) that could be rescued with sulforaphane treatment. Downregulation of Nrf2 as a result of stretch was accompanied with activation of proinflammatory nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and increases in LDH activity, ROS, and HMGB1. This work supports stretch as a key modulator of cellular stress and inflammation in the fetal membranes. Our results showed that the modulation of the antioxidant response pathway in the fetal membranes through Nrf2 activation may be a viable approach to improve outcomes in pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and Therapeutic Targeting)
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18 pages, 2963 KiB  
Article
Cytokine Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Standardized Conditioned Medium Obtained by Coculture of Monocytes and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (PRS CK STORM)
by Juan Pedro Lapuente, Alejandro Blázquez-Martínez, Joaquín Marco-Brualla, Gonzalo Gómez, Paula Desportes, Jara Sanz, Pablo Fernández, Mario García-Gil, Fernando Bermejo, Juan V. San Martín, Alicia Algaba, Juan Carlos De Gregorio, Daniel Lapuente, Almudena De Gregorio, Belén Lapuente, María de la Viñas Andrés and Alberto Anel
Biomolecules 2022, 12(4), 534; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom12040534 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3768
Abstract
Intercellular communication between monocytes/macrophages and cells involved in tissue regeneration, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary tissue cells, is essential for tissue regeneration and recovery of homeostasis. Typically, in the final phase of the inflammation-resolving process, this intercellular communication drives an [...] Read more.
Intercellular communication between monocytes/macrophages and cells involved in tissue regeneration, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary tissue cells, is essential for tissue regeneration and recovery of homeostasis. Typically, in the final phase of the inflammation-resolving process, this intercellular communication drives an anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory response. To obtain a safe and effective treatment to counteract the cytokine storm associated with a disproportionate immune response to severe infections, including that associated with COVID-19, by means of naturally balanced immunomodulation, our group has standardized the production under GMP-like conditions of a secretome by coculture of macrophages and MSCs. To characterize this proteome, we determined the expression of molecules related to cellular immune response and tissue regeneration, as well as its possible toxicity and anti-inflammatory potency. The results show a specific molecular pattern of interaction between the two cell types studied, with an anti-inflammatory and regenerative profile. In addition, the secretome is not toxic by itself on human PBMC or on THP-1 monocytes and prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced growth effects on those cell types. Finally, PRS CK STORM prevents LPS-induced TNF-A and IL-1Β secretion from PBMC and from THP-1 cells at the same level as hydrocortisone, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory potency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and Therapeutic Targeting)
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Review

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15 pages, 1035 KiB  
Review
Resolution of Inflammation in Acute Graft-Versus-Host-Disease: Advances and Perspectives
by Layara Roberta Ferreira Duarte, Vanessa Pinho, Barbara Maximino Rezende and Mauro Martins Teixeira
Biomolecules 2022, 12(1), 75; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom12010075 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2886
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential reaction of the immune system to infections and sterile tissue injury. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can cause tissue damage and contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation is driven by endogenous molecules, known as [...] Read more.
Inflammation is an essential reaction of the immune system to infections and sterile tissue injury. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can cause tissue damage and contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation is driven by endogenous molecules, known as pro-resolving mediators, that contribute to dampening inflammatory responses, promoting the resolution of inflammation and the recovery of tissue homeostasis. These mediators have been shown to be useful to decrease inflammatory responses and tissue damage in various models of inflammatory diseases. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major unwanted reaction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response provoked by antigen disparities between transplant recipient and donor. There is no fully effective treatment or prophylaxis for GVHD. This review explores the effects of several pro-resolving mediators and discusses their potential use as novel therapies in the context of GVHD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Regulation of Inflammation: Mechanisms, Mediators and Therapeutic Targeting)
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