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Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes

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A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological and Bio- Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 24983

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Valdir Florencio Da Veiga Junior

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Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: bioeconomy; natural products; phytochemistry; green chemistry; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Farid Chemat

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Groupe de Recherche en Eco-Extraction de Produits Naturel, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université d´Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, 84029 Avignon, France
Interests: green extraction; alternative solvents; innovative technologies; original procedures; microwave; ultrasound; intensification
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Dr. Tom Dugmore

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Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
Interests: green chemistry; food waste; waste valorisation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior

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Associate Professor at Pará Federal University Research and Development of Innovative Cosmetic Formulations Using Vegetable Oils from the Amazon Region, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Interests: green extraction; alternative solvents; innovative technologies; original procedures; microwave; ultrasound; intensification

Dr. Jackson Guedes

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Associate Professor at Vale do São Francisco Federal University Phytochemistry Research from Brazilian Biomes of Cerrado and Caatinga, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
Interests: green extraction; alternative solvents; innovative technologies; original procedures; microwave; ultrasound; intensification

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Green and sustainable chemistry is a very hot topic for those that study biomass all over the world. Biomass-based resources are being increasingly seen, from a biorefinery perspective, to be required to utilise each plant part, rather than be grown for a single purpose. Extracting bioactive, functional or energy-dense molecules from the residues of agricultural processes allows for increased sustainability of the supply chain and enhances the bioeconomy.

This Special Issue aims to collect original papers and/or review papers dealing with complementary and alternative approaches to the study of molecules and materials from biomass and their application in several fields, from bioenergy to green extraction methodologies.

Dr. Valdir Florencio Da Veiga Junior
Prof. Dr. Farid Chemat
Dr. Tom Dugmore
Dr. José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior
Dr. Jackson Guedes
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Bioactive molecules from discarded plant parts
New extraction methodologies
Green solvents
Green chemistry
Bioenergy
Biorefinery
Biofibres

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Amazonian Bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) Fruit Waste Valorisation Using Response Surface Methodology

by Klenicy K. L. Yamaguchi, David S. Dias, Carlos Victor Lamarão, Karen F. A. Castelo, Max S. Lima, Ananda S. Antonio, Attilio Converti, Emerson S. Lima and Valdir F. Veiga-Junior

Biomolecules 2021, 11(12), 1767; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11121767 - 25 Nov 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1875

Abstract

Bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) is a species from the Clusiaceae genus. Its fruit pulp is commonly used in South America in several food products, such as beverages, ice cream and candies. Only the pulp of the fruit is used, and the peels and seeds are considered waste from these industries. As a trioxygenated xanthone source, this species is of high interest for bioproduct development. This work evaluated the mesocarp and epicarp of bacuri fruits through different extraction methods and experimental conditions (pH, temperature and solvent) in order to determine the most effective method for converting this agro-industrial waste in a value-added bioproduct. Open-column procedures and HPLC and NMR experiments were performed to evaluate the chemical composition of the extracts, along with total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities (sequestration of the DPPH and ABTS radicals). A factorial design and response surface methodology were used. The best extraction conditions of substances with antioxidant properties were maceration at 50 °C with 100% ethanol as solvent for mesocarp extracts, and acidic sonication in 100% ethanol for epicarp extracts, with an excellent phenolic profile and antioxidant capacities. The main compounds isolated were the prenylated benzophenones garcinielliptone FC (epicarp) and 30-epi-cambogin (mesocarp). This is the first study analysing the performance of extraction methods within bacuri agro-industrial waste. Results demonstrated that shells and seeds of bacuri can be used as phenolic-rich bioproducts obtained by a simple extraction method, increasing the value chain of this fruit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes)

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18 pages, 1538 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Skimmed Goat’s Milk Powder Enriched with Grape Pomace Seed Extract: Phenolics and Protein Characterization and Antioxidant Properties

by Danijel D. Milinčić, Aleksandar Ž. Kostić, Uroš M. Gašić, Steva Lević, Slađana P. Stanojević, Miroljub B. Barać, Živoslav Lj. Tešić, Viktor Nedović and Mirjana B. Pešić

Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 965; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11070965 - 30 Jun 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2613

Abstract

The aim of this research was phenolics and protein characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation of skimmed thermally treated goat’s milk powder enriched with different concentration of grape pomace seed extract (SE). The dominant phenolics in SE were phenolic acids, flavan–3-ols and procyanidins. Different electrophoretic techniques together with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolics-protein interactions in the samples, mainly procyanidins with whey protein/caseins complexes. Addition of SE into thermally treated goat’s milk significantly improved antioxidant properties of goat’s milk such as TAC, FRP, DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ scavenging activity. Gallic acid, catechin, and procyanidins mostly contributed to these activities. The schematic representation of phenolics–casein micelles interactions in thermally treated goat’s milk enriched with SE was given. The addition of SE into thermally treated goat’s milk can be a promising strategy in food waste recovery and to enhance the beneficial health effects of goat’s milk-based functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes)

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15 pages, 6092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Extraction by Ultrasound, Microencapsulation by Spray Drying and Antioxidant Activity of the Tucuma Coproduct (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) Almonds

by Lindalva Maria de Meneses Costa Ferreira, Rayanne Rocha Pereira, Fernanda Brito de Carvalho, Alberdan Silva Santos, Roseane Maria Ribeiro-Costa and José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior

Biomolecules 2021, 11(4), 545; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11040545 - 08 Apr 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2614

Abstract

The industrial processing amazon fruits, like tucuma, generates a large amount of coproducts with large nutritional potential. Thus, this work obtained the oily extract of the tucuma almonds coproducts by green extraction using palm oil by the ultrasound method and then microencapsulated by atomization and verification of its antioxidant activity. Thermogravimetric techniques, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, moisture content, water activity were applied to characterize the microparticles. Total carotenoids were determined by UV spectroscopy and antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid and co-oxidation in the system β-carotene/linoleic acid. The oily extract and microparticle had total carotenoid contents of 3.305 mg/100 g ± 0.01 and 2.559 mg/100 g ± 0.01, respectively. The antioxidant activity assessed through the 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid value was 584.75 μM/trolox ± 0.01 (oily extract) and 537.12 μM/trolox ± 0.01 (microparticle) were determined. In the system β-carotene/linoleic acid showed oxidation of 49.9% ± 1.8 lipophilic extract and 43.3% ± 2.3 microparticle. The results showed that the oily extract of the tucuma almond coproduct can be used as a carotenoid-rich source and microencapsuled with possible application for functional foods production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes)

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14 pages, 2877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Xylan Decomposition in Plant Cell Walls as an Inducer of Surfactin Synthesis by Bacillus subtilis

by Ida Szmigiel, Dorota Kwiatkowska, Marcin Łukaszewicz and Anna Krasowska

Biomolecules 2021, 11(2), 239; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11020239 - 08 Feb 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2436

Abstract

Hemicellulose is the second most abundant plant heterogenous biopolymer. Among products obtained from a wide range of agro-residues, biosurfactants, e.g., surfactin (SU), are gaining increasing interest. Our previous studies have shown that a Bacillus subtilis strain can successfully produce a significant amount of SU using a rapeseed cake. This work aimed to investigate plant hemicellulose components as substrates promoting SU’s efficient production by B. subtilis 87Y. Analyses of SU production, enzymatic activity and cell wall composition of hulled oat caryopses suggest that the main ingredients of plant hemicellulose, in particular xylan and its derivatives, may be responsible for an increased biosurfactant yield. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes)

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Review

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19 pages, 2190 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chitosan as a Valuable Biomolecule from Seafood Industry Waste in the Design of Green Food Packaging

by Barbara E. Teixeira-Costa and Cristina T. Andrade

Biomolecules 2021, 11(11), 1599; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11111599 - 28 Oct 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5821

Abstract

Chitosan is a versatile biomolecule with a broad range of applications in food and pharmaceutical products. It can be obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin. This biomolecule can be extracted using conventional or green methods from seafood industry residues, e.g., shrimp shells. Chitin has limited applications because of its low solubility in organic solvents. Chitosan is soluble in acidified solutions allowing its application in the food industry. Furthermore, biological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, as well as its biodegradability, biocompatibility and nontoxicity have contributed to its increasing application as active food packaging. Nevertheless, some physical and mechanical features have limited a broader range of applications of chitosan-based films. Green approaches may be used to address these limitations, leading to well-designed chitosan-based food packaging, by employing principles of a circular and sustainable economy. In this review, we summarize the properties of chitosan and present a novel green technology as an alternative to conventional chitin extraction and to design environmentally friendly food packaging based on chitosan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes)

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18 pages, 1127 KiB

Open AccessReview

Brewer’s Spent Grains—Valuable Beer Industry By-Product

by Mateusz Jackowski, Łukasz Niedźwiecki, Kacper Jagiełło, Oliwia Uchańska and Anna Trusek

Biomolecules 2020, 10(12), 1669; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom10121669 - 13 Dec 2020

Cited by 66 | Viewed by 8038

Abstract

The brewing sector is a significant part of the global food industry. Breweries produce large quantities of wastes, including wastewater and brewer’s spent grains. Currently, upcycling of food industry by-products is one of the principles of the circular economy. The aim of this review is to present possible ways to utilize common solid by-product from the brewing sector. Brewer’s spent grains (BSG) is a good material for sorption and processing into activated carbon. Another way to utilize spent grains is to use them as a fuel in raw form, after hydrothermal carbonization or as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The mentioned by-products may also be utilized in animal and human nutrition. Moreover, BSG is a waste rich in various substances that may be extracted for further utilization. It is likely that, in upcoming years, brewer’s spent grains will not be considered as a by-product, but as a desirable raw material for various branches of industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules and Materials from Agro-Industrial Wastes)

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