Biosensors in Nanotechnology

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Nano- and Micro-Technologies in Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 16141

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
Interests: stochastic partial differential equations; uncertainty quantification; inverse problems; Bayesian inversion; analysis and simulation of stochastic PDEs in nanosensors and semiconductor devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8–10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
Interests: stochastic PDEs; multiscale problems; stochastic homogenization; the Boltzmann transport equation; stochastic aspects of nanoscale sensors; nanopore sensors; nanoscale transistors; uncertainty quantification; reinforcement learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of modeling, analysis, and simulation of nanoscale devices has been of great importance. Nanotechnological sensors have various applications in the real world including food quality control, medical engineering, diagnostics for healthcare, and environmental monitoring. New technologies always lead to new challenges; the solution of kinetic and transport equations which model sensors in nanoscale have been a challenging problem. Other challenges include stochastic modeling, homogenization, multiscale problems, efficient computational methods, sensitivity, stability and robustness, sensor configuration, optimal and reliable design, and uncertainty quantification. Scientific improvement in this field needs advanced mathematical modeling and numerical solutions through a combination of concepts, methods, and principles that are often interdisciplinary in mechanics, mathematics, computer science, biology, medicine, and other scientific disciplines. On the other hand, reliable and optimal design and configuration of such devices are of interest and affect the efficiency of the sensors.

This Special Issue of Biosensors aims to provide a platform for the publication of original high-quality research papers covering the most recent advances as well as comprehensive reviews in the field of biosensors in nanotechnology, nanomaterials for sensors, and nano-based sensors. The range of appropriate contributions is wide and covers any type of experimental, theoretical, numerical, and computational research in the area of modeling and simulation of (bio) sensors in nanotechnology leading to the analysis and design of optical systems. This includes (but is not limited to) theoretical development, mathematical models, variational formulations and numerical algorithms, inverse problems, optimization, machine learning approaches, probabilistic and stochastic approaches, and computational methods.

Both original papers and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Leila Taghizadeh
Prof. Dr. Clemens Heitzinger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanotechnology
  • nanomaterials for sensors
  • nano-based biosensors
  • nanowire sensors
  • nanopore sensors
  • optical biosensors
  • semiconductor devices
  • multiscale problems
  • stochastic PDEs
  • transport modeling
  • Boltzmann equation
  • kinetic equations
  • stochastic homogenization
  • optimization
  • machine learning
  • sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness
  • sensor configuration and optimal design
  • model calibration
  • health diagnostics
  • medical engineering
  • environmental analysis
  • bioimaging

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 34211 KiB  
Article
A Size-Controlled Graphene Oxide Materials Obtained by One-Step Electrochemical Exfoliation of Carbon Fiber Cloth for Applications to In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Formation and Electrochemical Sensors—A Preliminary Study
by Jen-Lin Chang, Chen-Wei Liao, D. Arthisree, Annamalai Senthil Kumar and Jyh-Myng Zen
Biosensors 2022, 12(6), 360; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12060360 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2010
Abstract
A simple, one-step and facile method has been introduced to prepare fluorescent and electrochemically active carbon nanoparticles with single-size distribution and good long-term stability by electrochemical exfoliation of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers in an alkaline solution-phase condition. The preparation condition was systematically optimized by [...] Read more.
A simple, one-step and facile method has been introduced to prepare fluorescent and electrochemically active carbon nanoparticles with single-size distribution and good long-term stability by electrochemical exfoliation of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers in an alkaline solution-phase condition. The preparation condition was systematically optimized by studying the effect of temperature and electrolytes. It has been found that an electrochemical exfoliation reaction carried out at an applied potential of 2 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a phosphate-ion-containing alkaline solution at a temperature of 40 °C is an ideal condition for the preparation of 14 ± 4 nm-sized carbon nanoparticles. Unlike the literature protocols, there are no filtration and membrane dialysis-based off-line sample pretreatments adopted in this work. The as-prepared carbon nanoparticles were characterized by fluorescence, Raman spectrum, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization methods. It was found that the carbon–oxygen functional group rich in graphene–oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) such as carbon nanoparticles were formed in this work. A preliminary study relating to simultaneous electrochemical oxidation and the sensing of uric acid and ascorbic acid with well-resolved peaks was demonstrated as a model system to extend the new carbon material for electroanalytical applications. Furthermore, in situ synthesis of 2 nm-sized gold nanoparticles stabilized by GOQDs was presented. The carbon nanoparticles prepared by the direct method in this work have shown good stability over 6 months when stored at room temperature. The electrochemical exfoliation reaction has been found to be highly reproducible and suitable for bulk synthesis of luminescence-effective carbon nanoparticles to facilitate fundamental studies and practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Nanotechnology)
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14 pages, 2825 KiB  
Article
Field-Effect Capacitors Decorated with Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles: Modeling and Experiments
by Arshak Poghossian, Tobias Karschuck, Patrick Wagner and Michael J. Schöning
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 334; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12050334 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
Nanoparticles are recognized as highly attractive tunable materials for designing field-effect biosensors with enhanced performance. In this work, we present a theoretical model for electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) decorated with ligand-stabilized charged gold nanoparticles. The charged AuNPs are taken into account as additional, nanometer-sized [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles are recognized as highly attractive tunable materials for designing field-effect biosensors with enhanced performance. In this work, we present a theoretical model for electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) decorated with ligand-stabilized charged gold nanoparticles. The charged AuNPs are taken into account as additional, nanometer-sized local gates. The capacitance-voltage (CV) curves and constant-capacitance (ConCap) signals of the AuNP-decorated EISCAPs have been simulated. The impact of the AuNP coverage on the shift of the CV curves and the ConCap signals was also studied experimentally on Al–p-Si–SiO2 EISCAPs decorated with positively charged aminooctanethiol-capped AuNPs. In addition, the surface of the EISCAPs, modified with AuNPs, was characterized by scanning electron microscopy for different immobilization times of the nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Nanotechnology)
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12 pages, 2629 KiB  
Article
Chaperone Copolymer Assisted G-Quadruplex-Based Signal Amplification Assay for Highly Sensitive Detection of VEGF
by Jialun Han, Chenxin Fang, Ping Ouyang, Yang Qing, Yuxing Yang, Haiyu Li, Zhencui Wang and Jie Du
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12050262 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1969
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical biomarker in the angiogenesis of several cancers. Nowadays, novel approaches to rapid, sensitive, and reliable VEGF detection are urgently required for early cancer diagnosis. Cationic comb-type copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-graft-dextran (PLL-g-Dex) accelerates DNA [...] Read more.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical biomarker in the angiogenesis of several cancers. Nowadays, novel approaches to rapid, sensitive, and reliable VEGF detection are urgently required for early cancer diagnosis. Cationic comb-type copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-graft-dextran (PLL-g-Dex) accelerates DNA hybridization and chain exchange reaction while stabilizing the DNA assembly structure. In this work, we examined the chaperone activity of PLL-g-Dex to assist G-quadruplex-based fluorescent DNA biosensors for sensitive detection of VEGF. This convenient and effective strategy is based on chitosan hydrogel, c-myc, Thioflavin T (ThT), VEGF aptamer, and its partially complementary strand. The results show that chaperone copolymer PLL-g-Dex significantly promotes the accumulation of G-quadruplex and assembles into G-wires, allowing an effective signal amplification. Using this method, the detection limit of VEGF was as low as 23 pM, better than many previous works on aptamer-based VEGF detection. This chaperone copolymer-assisted signal amplification strategy has potential applications in the highly sensitive detection of target proteins, even including viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Nanotechnology)
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12 pages, 1454 KiB  
Article
Detection Efficiency of Ag Nanoparticle Labels for a Heart Failure Marker Using Linear and Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
by Nikhil Raj and Richard M. Crooks
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 203; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12040203 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
In this article, we compare linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for detection of a nano metalloimmunoassay. Two separate immunoassays were examined: a model assay, based on interactions between antibodies, and a sandwich assay for the heart [...] Read more.
In this article, we compare linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) for detection of a nano metalloimmunoassay. Two separate immunoassays were examined: a model assay, based on interactions between antibodies, and a sandwich assay for the heart failure marker NT-proBNP. In both cases, one antibody is linked to a magnetic microbead, and one is linked to a spherical Ag nanoparticle label. Electrochemical detection is carried out on a paper device. The three analytical figures of merit studied were the precision of the measurements, the calibration sensitivity, and the limit of detection (LOD). For the NT-proBNP assay, the results show that after optimization of the pulse amplitude and frequency of the potential input for SWASV, the detection efficiency is substantially higher compared to LASV. Specifically, the calibration sensitivity increased by up to ~40 fold, the average coefficient of variation decreased by ~40%, and the (LOD) decreased to 300.0 pM. Finally, for a model immunoassay, a ~10-fold decrease in the LOD was observed for SWASV compared to LASV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Nanotechnology)
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Review

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29 pages, 1549 KiB  
Review
Nano-Scaled Materials and Polymer Integration in Biosensing Tools
by Hichem Moulahoum, Faezeh Ghorbanizamani, Emine Guler Celik and Suna Timur
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 301; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12050301 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
The evolution of biosensors and diagnostic devices has been thriving in its ability to provide reliable tools with simplified operation steps. These evolutions have paved the way for further advances in sensing materials, strategies, and device structures. Polymeric composite materials can be formed [...] Read more.
The evolution of biosensors and diagnostic devices has been thriving in its ability to provide reliable tools with simplified operation steps. These evolutions have paved the way for further advances in sensing materials, strategies, and device structures. Polymeric composite materials can be formed into nanostructures and networks of different types, including hydrogels, vesicles, dendrimers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), etc. Due to their biocompatibility, flexibility, and low prices, they are promising tools for future lab-on-chip devices as both manufacturing materials and immobilization surfaces. Polymers can also allow the construction of scaffold materials and 3D structures that further elevate the sensing capabilities of traditional 2D biosensors. This review discusses the latest developments in nano-scaled materials and synthesis techniques for polymer structures and their integration into sensing applications by highlighting their various structural advantages in producing highly sensitive tools that rival bench-top instruments. The developments in material design open a new door for decentralized medicine and public protection that allows effective onsite and point-of-care diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Nanotechnology)
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27 pages, 3654 KiB  
Review
Nanomaterial-Based Label-Free Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Thrombin
by Hibba Yousef, Yang Liu and Lianxi Zheng
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 253; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12040253 - 16 Apr 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3540
Abstract
Thrombin plays a central role in hemostasis and its imbalances in coagulation can lead to various pathologies. It is of clinical significance to develop a fast and accurate method for the quantitative detection of thrombin. Electrochemical aptasensors have the capability of combining the [...] Read more.
Thrombin plays a central role in hemostasis and its imbalances in coagulation can lead to various pathologies. It is of clinical significance to develop a fast and accurate method for the quantitative detection of thrombin. Electrochemical aptasensors have the capability of combining the specific selectivity from aptamers with the extraordinary sensitivity from electrochemical techniques and thus have attracted considerable attention for the trace-level detection of thrombin. Nanomaterials and nanostructures can further enhance the performance of thrombin aptasensors to achieve high sensitivity, selectivity, and antifouling functions. In highlighting these material merits and their impacts on sensor performance, this paper reviews the most recent advances in label-free electrochemical aptasensors for thrombin detection, with an emphasis on nanomaterials and nanostructures utilized in sensor design and fabrication. The performance, advantages, and limitations of those aptasensors are summarized and compared according to their material structures and compositions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Nanotechnology)
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