Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for the Detection of Neurotransmitters

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 5477

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
Interests: electrochemical sensors and biosensors; neurochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Various electrochemical techniques have been applied to monitor neurotransmitter release in living tissues, including amperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and potential pulse methods. Measuring neurotransmitters in the living tissue is challenging because of the vast number of chemicals that signal on different time and length scales. Detection of neurotransmitters is achieved through oxidation or reduction of the target species at the electrode surface. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors could play a vital role in distinguishing and identifying neurotransmitters from one another.

Measuring neurotransmitters can provide useful information in identifying the state of the living tissue as well as to distinguish the presence of a disease state. Specifically, continuous monitoring of neurotransmitters provides an indication of normal and disease processes in the body, and also progression of a disease. This information is very important for chronic disorders and could be useful to understand the nature of various neurochemicals during the progression of the disease. In this Special Issue, we will focus on various electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms for the detection of neurotransmitters based on micro sensors, which could be tailored toward both in vitro and in vivo applications. We seek unique research and development efforts, identifying novel sensing platforms for the detection of various neurotransmitters toward physiological applications.

Dr. Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2421 KiB  
Article
Neuronal Electrophysiological Activities Detection of Defense Behaviors Using an Implantable Microelectrode Array in the Dorsal Periaqueductal Gray
by Botao Lu, Penghui Fan, Yiding Wang, Yuchuan Dai, Jingyu Xie, Gucheng Yang, Fan Mo, Zhaojie Xu, Yilin Song, Juntao Liu and Xinxia Cai
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 193; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12040193 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1971
Abstract
Defense is the basic survival mechanism of animals when facing dangers. Previous studies have shown that the midbrain periaqueduct gray (PAG) was essential for the production of defense responses. However, the correlation between the endogenous neuronal activities of the dorsal PAG (dPAG) and [...] Read more.
Defense is the basic survival mechanism of animals when facing dangers. Previous studies have shown that the midbrain periaqueduct gray (PAG) was essential for the production of defense responses. However, the correlation between the endogenous neuronal activities of the dorsal PAG (dPAG) and different defense behaviors was still unclear. In this article, we designed and manufactured microelectrode arrays (MEAs) whose detection sites were arranged to match the shape and position of dPAG in rats, and modified it with platinum-black nanoparticles to improve the detection performance. Subsequently, we successfully recorded the electrophysiological activities of dPAG neurons via designed MEAs in freely behaving rats before and after exposure to the potent analog of predator odor 2-methyl-2-thiazoline (2-MT). Results demonstrated that 2-MT could cause strong innate fear and a series of defensive behaviors, accompanied by the significantly increased average firing rate and local field potential (LFP) power of neurons in dPAG. We also observed that dPAG participated in different defense behaviors with different degrees of activation, which was significantly stronger in the flight stage. Further analysis showed that the neuronal activities of dPAG neurons were earlier than flight, and the intensity of activation was inversely proportional to the distance from predator odor. Overall, our results indicate that dPAG neuronal activities play a crucial role in controlling different types of predator odor-evoked innate fear/defensive behaviors, and provide some guidance for the prediction of defense behavior. Full article
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12 pages, 2840 KiB  
Article
Dopamine and Striatal Neuron Firing Respond to Frequency-Dependent DBS Detected by Microelectrode Arrays in the Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
by Guihua Xiao, Yilin Song, Yu Zhang, Yu Xing, Shengwei Xu, Mixia Wang, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen, Jian Chen and Xinxia Cai
Biosensors 2020, 10(10), 136; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios10100136 - 28 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2793
Abstract
(1) Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as an efficient treatment method for alleviating motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while different stimulation frequency effects on the specific neuron patterns at the cellular level remain unknown. (2) Methods: In this work, nanocomposites-modified [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as an efficient treatment method for alleviating motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while different stimulation frequency effects on the specific neuron patterns at the cellular level remain unknown. (2) Methods: In this work, nanocomposites-modified implantable microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were fabricated to synchronously record changes of dopamine (DA) concentration and striatal neuron firing in the striatum during subthalamic nucleus DBS, and different responses of medium spiny projecting neurons (MSNs) and fast spiking interneurons (FSIs) to DBS were analyzed. (3) Results: DA concentration and striatal neuron spike firing rate showed a similar change as DBS frequency changed from 10 to 350 Hz. Note that the increases in DA concentration (3.11 ± 0.67 μM) and neural spike firing rate (15.24 ± 2.71 Hz) were maximal after the stimulation at 100 Hz. The MSNs firing response to DBS was significant, especially at 100 Hz, while the FSIs remained stable after various stimulations. (4) Conclusions: DBS shows the greatest regulatory effect on DA concentration and MSNs firing rate at 100 Hz stimulation. This implantable MEA in the recording of the neurotransmitter and neural spike pattern response to DBS provides a new insight to understand the mechanism of PD at the cellular level. Full article
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