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Biosensors
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Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications
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Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 14978

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Cristian Ravariu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Devices Circuits and Architectures, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: organic transistors; biosensors; enzyme-FET modelling; co-integration techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I invite you to contribute to this Special Issue concerning the Field Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications. The latest novelties in electronic biosensors indicate an increased interest for compatibilization between Field Effect Transistors (FETs) and bioreceptors, either enzymes, antibodies or cells, for the scope of the multiple analytes detection. Despite existing products based on substrate detection by Enzyme-FETs, or antigen detection by Immuno-FETs, the spatial coupling of various biodetection materials and nano-scale FETs is a serious challenge. Sometimes, enzymatic receptors need further functionalization, combinations of nano-particles and organic compounds or nano-porous materials anchored in the gate space of a FET transistor. On the other hand, the FET class expanded in a huge palette of nano-devices in the last years. In biosensing some transistors are successfully used - Organic-FET, Carbon Nanotubes FET, Grephene-FET, Silicon On Insulator FET as standard transistors. But nano-transistors are able to establish an extremely low limit of detection (LOD), like Nano-wire-FET or Single Electron Transistor.  In this special issue, you are invited to present your recent results about what kind of transistor is better to join bioreceptor materials, launching the next paradigms that need to be revealed.

The topic of this special issue let you to present various biosensing applications (but not restricted to these): bio-compatibility issues, biodetection performances, technological aspects, FET biosensors applied in medicine, living matter study, food industry, toxicology, environmental analyses, as few examples. Both original papers and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Cristian Ravariu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • field-effect transistor
  • enzyme
  • antibody
  • cells
  • analyte
  • technology
  • applications
  • performances
  • Enzyme-FET
  • Immuno-FET

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 203 KiB  
Editorial
Current Status of Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications
by Cristian Ravariu
Biosensors 2022, 12(12), 1081; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12121081 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1032
Abstract
The latest novelties in electronic biosensors indicate an increased interest in the compatibilization between Field Effect Transistors (FETs) and bioreceptors, either enzymes, antibodies or cells, for the purpose of detecting the multiple analytes [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 2305 KiB  
Communication
Generalized Analytical Model for Enzymatic BioFET Transistors
by Cristian Ravariu, Avireni Srinivasulu, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu and Sarada Musala
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 474; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12070474 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1596
Abstract
Software tools that are able to simulate the functionality or interactions of an enzyme biosensor with Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), or any Field Effect Transistor (FET) as transducer, represent a gap in the market. Bio-devices, or Enzyme-FET, cannot be simulated by Atlas or [...] Read more.
Software tools that are able to simulate the functionality or interactions of an enzyme biosensor with Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), or any Field Effect Transistor (FET) as transducer, represent a gap in the market. Bio-devices, or Enzyme-FET, cannot be simulated by Atlas or equivalent software. This paper resolves this issue for the enzymatic block coupled with FETs’ role within biosensors. The first block has the concentration of biological analyte as the input signal and concentration of ions from the enzymatic reaction as the output signal. The modeling begins from the Michaelis–Menten formalism and analyzes the time dependence of the product concentrations that become the input signal for the next FET block. Comparisons within experimental data are provided. The analytical model proposed in this paper represents a general analytical tool in the design stage for enzymatic transistors used in clinical practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications)
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14 pages, 3741 KiB  
Article
Optimized Technologies for Cointegration of MOS Transistor and Glucose Oxidase Enzyme on a Si-Wafer
by Cristian Ravariu, Catalin Corneliu Parvulescu, Elena Manea and Vasilica Tucureanu
Biosensors 2021, 11(12), 497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11120497 - 05 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2264
Abstract
The biosensors that work with field effect transistors as transducers and enzymes as bio-receptors are called ENFET devices. In the actual paper, a traditional MOS-FET transistor is cointegrated with a glucose oxidase enzyme, offering a glucose biosensor. The manufacturing process of the proposed [...] Read more.
The biosensors that work with field effect transistors as transducers and enzymes as bio-receptors are called ENFET devices. In the actual paper, a traditional MOS-FET transistor is cointegrated with a glucose oxidase enzyme, offering a glucose biosensor. The manufacturing process of the proposed ENFET is optimized in the second iteration. Above the MOS gate oxide, the enzymatic bioreceptor as the glucose oxidase is entrapped onto the nano-structured TiO2 compound. This paper proposes multiple details for cointegration between MOS devices with enzymatic biosensors. The Ti conversion into a nanostructured layer occurs by anodization. Two cross-linkers are experimentally studied for a better enzyme immobilization. The final part of the paper combines experimental data with analytical models and extracts the calibration curve of this ENFET transistor, prescribing at the same time a design methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications)
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15 pages, 3017 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Electrolyte Salt Concentration on DNA Detection with Graphene Transistors
by Agnes Purwidyantri, Telma Domingues, Jérôme Borme, Joana Rafaela Guerreiro, Andrey Ipatov, Catarina M. Abreu, Marco Martins, Pedro Alpuim and Marta Prado
Biosensors 2021, 11(1), 24; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11010024 - 17 Jan 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6120
Abstract
Liquid-gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFET) are ultrasensitive bio-detection platforms carrying out the graphene’s exceptional intrinsic functionalities. Buffer and dilution factor are prevalent strategies towards the optimum performance of the GFETs. However, beyond the Debye length (λD), the role of the graphene-electrolytes’ ionic species [...] Read more.
Liquid-gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFET) are ultrasensitive bio-detection platforms carrying out the graphene’s exceptional intrinsic functionalities. Buffer and dilution factor are prevalent strategies towards the optimum performance of the GFETs. However, beyond the Debye length (λD), the role of the graphene-electrolytes’ ionic species interactions on the DNA behavior at the nanoscale interface is complicated. We studied the characteristics of the GFETs under different ionic strength, pH, and electrolyte type, e.g., phosphate buffer (PB), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in an automatic portable built-in system. The electrostatic gating and charge transfer phenomena were inferred from the field-effect measurements of the Dirac point position in single-layer graphene (SLG) transistors transfer curves. Results denote that λD is not the main factor governing the effective nanoscale screening environment. We observed that the longer λD was not the determining characteristic for sensitivity increment and limit of detection (LoD) as demonstrated by different types and ionic strengths of measuring buffers. In the DNA hybridization study, our findings show the role of the additional salts present in PBS, as compared to PB, in increasing graphene electron mobility, electrostatic shielding, intermolecular forces and DNA adsorption kinetics leading to an improved sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications)
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9 pages, 2891 KiB  
Communication
Development of a Graphene-Based Biosensor for Detecting Recombinant Cyanovirin-N
by Pedro Rodrigues de Almeida III, André Melro Murad, Luciano Paulino Silva, Elibio Leopoldo Rech and Elmo Salomão Alves
Biosensors 2020, 10(12), 206; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios10120206 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2896
Abstract
We present a graphene-based biosensor selective to recombinant cyanovirin-N (rCV-N), an antiviral protein that has proven to be an effective microbicide to inhibit HIV replication. We modified the graphene monolayer devices with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester, which interacts with both graphene and the [...] Read more.
We present a graphene-based biosensor selective to recombinant cyanovirin-N (rCV-N), an antiviral protein that has proven to be an effective microbicide to inhibit HIV replication. We modified the graphene monolayer devices with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester, which interacts with both graphene and the primary and secondary amines of antibodies. By monitoring the change in the electrical resistance of the device, we were able to detect rCV-N in solutions in the range of 0.01 to 10 ng/mL, and found that the detection limit was 0.45 pg/mL, which is much smaller than that obtained with currently available techniques. This is important for applications of this microbicide against HIV, since it may be produced at a large scale from soya bean seeds processed using the available industrial processing technologies. The sensor showed high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications)
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