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Biosensors
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Electrochemical Biosensors
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Electrochemical Biosensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2020) | Viewed by 30257

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Liana-Maria Muresan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: advanced electrode materials exhibiting electrocatalytic activity and selective recognition properties towards certain chemical species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical biosensors are devices that provide specific quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information using a biological recognition element (enzymes, nucleic acids, aptamers, etc.) connected to an electrochemical transduction element. They are highly sensitive and accurate analytical tools, able to reach low detection limits. They can be integrated with labs-on-chips to produce excellent analytical platforms that can be successfully used on real samples.

In the last decades, developments in nanotechnology and bioelectronics have produced new possibilities to miniaturize and optimize existing microscale devices to the nanoscale. Thus, more accurately measuring specific electrical properties in combination with various electrochemical transducers is becoming possible. Some difficulties remain to be overcome, such as the complexity of fabrication and the lifespan of the material chosen for the electrodes. A better understanding of the sensing mechanism will assist with the design of new and improved biosensors.

In this context, we are happy to edit this Special Issue on electrochemical biosensors. The Issue will focus on the development of novel electrochemical biosensing devices, as well as on their applications in the electrochemical detection of various molecules (drugs, pesticides, cancer biomarkers, substances with forensic relevance, etc.). Original data related to the latest advances in the fabrication and use of voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric, and impedimetric biosensors, but also review papers, are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Liana-Maria Muresan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical biosensors
  • voltammetric
  • amperometric
  • potentiometric
  • impedimetric biosensors
  • obtaining methods
  • characterization
  • applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4931 KiB  
Article
Investigation of L-Tryptophan Electrochemical Oxidation with a Graphene-Modified Electrode
by Florina Pogacean, Codruta Varodi, Maria Coros, Irina Kacso, Teodora Radu, Bogdan Ionut Cozar, Valentin Mirel and Stela Pruneanu
Biosensors 2021, 11(2), 36; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11020036 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2966
Abstract
A graphene sample (EGr) was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods in solution containing 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4 + 0.1 M H3BO3 + 0.05 M NaCl. The exfoliation was performed by applying a constant voltage [...] Read more.
A graphene sample (EGr) was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods in solution containing 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4 + 0.1 M H3BO3 + 0.05 M NaCl. The exfoliation was performed by applying a constant voltage (12 V) between the graphite rods, while the temperature was kept constant (18 °C) with a temperature-controlled cryostat. The structural investigation of the graphene sample, performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), revealed that the sample consists of a mixture of few-layer (69%), multi-layer graphene (14%) and graphene oxide (17%). In addition, XPS analysis proved that the sample was triple-doped with heteroatoms such as nitrogen (1.7 at%), sulfur (2.5 at%), and boron (3 at%). The sample was deposited onto the surface of a clean, glassy carbon electrode (GC) and investigated for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of L-tryptophan (TRP). The electrocatalytic properties of the EGr/GC electrode led to a considerable decrease in the oxidation potential from +0.9 V (bare GC) to +0.72 V. In addition, the EGr/GC electrode has higher sensitivity (two times) and a lower detection limit (ten times) in comparison with the bare GC electrode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors)
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12 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Development of a Sensitive Self-Powered Glucose Biosensor Based on an Enzymatic Biofuel Cell
by Kantapat Chansaenpak, Anyanee Kamkaew, Sireerat Lisnund, Pannaporn Prachai, Patipat Ratwirunkit, Thitichaya Jingpho, Vincent Blay and Piyanut Pinyou
Biosensors 2021, 11(1), 16; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11010016 - 07 Jan 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 8331
Abstract
Biofuel cells allow for constructing sensors that leverage the specificity of enzymes without the need for an external power source. In this work, we design a self-powered glucose sensor based on a biofuel cell. The redox enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), glucose oxidase (GOx), [...] Read more.
Biofuel cells allow for constructing sensors that leverage the specificity of enzymes without the need for an external power source. In this work, we design a self-powered glucose sensor based on a biofuel cell. The redox enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized as biocatalysts on the electrodes, which were previously engineered using carbon nanostructures, including multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Additional polymers were also introduced to improve biocatalyst immobilization. The reported design offers three main advantages: (i) by using glucose as the substrate for the both anode and cathode, a more compact and robust design is enabled, (ii) the system operates under air-saturating conditions, with no need for gas purge, and (iii) the combination of carbon nanostructures and a multi-enzyme cascade maximizes the sensitivity of the biosensor. Our design allows the reliable detection of glucose in the range of 0.1–7.0 mM, which is perfectly suited for common biofluids and industrial food samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors)
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15 pages, 4180 KiB  
Article
An Electrochemical Strategy for the Simultaneous Detection of Doxorubicin and Simvastatin for Their Potential Use in the Treatment of Cancer
by Iulia Rus, Mihaela Tertiș, Cristina Barbălată, Alina Porfire, Ioan Tomuță, Robert Săndulescu and Cecilia Cristea
Biosensors 2021, 11(1), 15; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11010015 - 03 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a disposable, simple, fast, and sensitive sensor for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of doxorubicin (DOX) and simvastatin (SMV), which could be used in preclinical studies for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations for drug delivery. [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to develop a disposable, simple, fast, and sensitive sensor for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of doxorubicin (DOX) and simvastatin (SMV), which could be used in preclinical studies for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations for drug delivery. Firstly, the electrochemical behavior of each molecule was analyzed regarding the influence of electrode material, electrolyte solution, and scan rate. After this, the proper electrode material, electrolyte solution, and scan rate for both active substances were chosen, and a linear sweep voltammetry procedure was optimized for simultaneous detection. Two chronoamperometry procedures were tested, one for the detection of DOX in the presence of SMV, and the other one for the detection of DOX and SMV together. Finally, calibration curves for DOX and SMV in the presence of each other were obtained using both electrochemical methods and the results were compared. The use of amperometry allowed for a better limit of detection (DOX: 0.1 μg/mL; SMV: 0.7 μg/mL) than the one obtained in voltammetry (1.5 μg/mL for both drugs). The limits of quantification using amperometry were 0.5 μg/mL for DOX (dynamic range: 0.5–65 μg/mL) and 2 μg/mL for SMV (dynamic range: 2–65 μg/mL), while using voltammetry 1 μg/mL was obtained for DOX (dynamic range: 1–100 μg/mL) and 5 μg/mL for SMV (dynamic range: 5–100 μg/mL). This detection strategy represents a promising tool for the analysis of new pharmaceutical formulations for targeted drug delivery containing both drugs, whose association was proven to bring benefits in the treatment of cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors)
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12 pages, 3159 KiB  
Article
Nanoelectrode Arrays Fabricated by Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography for Biosensing Application
by Alessandra Zanut, Alessandro Cian, Nicola Cefarin, Alessandro Pozzato and Massimo Tormen
Biosensors 2020, 10(8), 90; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios10080090 - 05 Aug 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3811
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are devices capable of detecting molecules and biomolecules in solutions and determining the concentration through direct electrical measurements. These systems can be miniaturized to a size less than 1 µm through the creation of small-size arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEA), offering advantages [...] Read more.
Electrochemical sensors are devices capable of detecting molecules and biomolecules in solutions and determining the concentration through direct electrical measurements. These systems can be miniaturized to a size less than 1 µm through the creation of small-size arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEA), offering advantages in terms of increased sensitivity and compactness. In this work, we present the fabrication of an electrochemical platform based on an array of nanoelectrodes (NEA) and its possible use for the detection of antigens of interest. NEAs were fabricated by forming arrays of nanoholes on a thin film of polycarbonate (PC) deposited on boron-doped diamond (BDD) macroelectrodes by thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL), which demonstrated to be a highly reliable and reproducible process. As proof of principle, gliadin protein fragments were physisorbed on the polycarbonate surface of NEAs and detected by immuno-indirect assay using a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This method allows a successful detection of gliadin, in the range of concentration of 0.5–10 μg/mL, by cyclic voltammetry taking advantage from the properties of NEAs to strongly suppress the capacitive background signal. We demonstrate that the characteristics of the TNIL technology in the fabrication of high-resolution nanostructures together with their low-cost production, may allow to scale up the production of NEAs-based electrochemical sensing platform to monitor biochemical molecules for both food and biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors)
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9 pages, 2100 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical DNA Sensor for Sensitive BRCA1 Detection Based on DNA Tetrahedral-Structured Probe and Poly-Adenine Mediated Gold Nanoparticles
by Dezhi Feng, Jing Su, Guifang He, Yi Xu, Chenguang Wang, Mengmeng Zheng, Qiuling Qian and Xianqiang Mi
Biosensors 2020, 10(7), 78; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios10070078 - 20 Jul 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4443
Abstract
BRCA1 is the biomarker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Detection of BRCA1 has great significance for the genetic analysis, early diagnosis and clinical treatment of breast cancer. In this work, we developed a simple electrochemical DNA sensor based on a DNA [...] Read more.
BRCA1 is the biomarker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Detection of BRCA1 has great significance for the genetic analysis, early diagnosis and clinical treatment of breast cancer. In this work, we developed a simple electrochemical DNA sensor based on a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe (TSP) and poly-adenine (polyA) mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the sensitive detection of BRCA1. A thiol-modified TSP was used as the scaffold on the surface of the screen-printed AuNPs electrode. The capture DNA (TSP) and reporter DNA were hybridized to the target DNA (BRCA1), respectively, to form the typical sandwich system. The nanocomposites of reporter DNA (polyA at the 5′ end) combined with AuNPs were employed for signal amplification which can capture multiple enzymes by the specificity between biotin and streptavidin. Measurements were completed in the electrochemical workstation by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry and we obtained the low limit of detection of 0.1 fM with the linear range from 1 fM to 1 nM. High sensitivity and good specificity of the proposed electrochemical DNA sensor showed potential applications in clinical early diagnosis for breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors)
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Review

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18 pages, 2581 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Biosensing of Escherichia coli O157:H7: Material and Methods Overview
by Nasrin Razmi, Mohammad Hasanzadeh, Magnus Willander and Omer Nur
Biosensors 2020, 10(5), 54; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios10050054 - 18 May 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 7240
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli which has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenic E. coli is important in environmental and food [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli which has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenic E. coli is important in environmental and food quality monitoring. In spite of their advantages and high acceptance, culture-based methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, ATP bioluminescence, and solid-phase cytometry have various drawbacks, including being time-consuming, requiring trained technicians and/or specific equipment, and producing biological waste. Therefore, there is necessity for affordable, rapid, and simple approaches. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise for rapid food- and water-borne pathogen detection. Over the last decade, various attempts have been made to develop techniques for the rapid quantification of E. coli O157:H7. This review covers the importance of E. coli O157:H7 and recent progress (from 2015 to 2020) in the development of the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors developed for E. coli O157:H7 using different nanomaterials, labels, and electrochemical transducers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Biosensors)
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