Innovative Technology Application for Medical Implants

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 8618

Special Issue Editor

Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
Interests: biomechanics; 3DP; medical; implant development; CAD; CAE

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Clinical treatment on dental/ orthopedic/ cardiovascular/ plastic surgery/ internal medicine using medical implants is safe and effective. Determining how to further apply innovative technologies on medical implant design, simulation, and manufacturing to bring future medical value input in diagnosis and clinical treatment more in line with precision treatment and smart medicine, on the other hand, is the trend of the times. This Special Issue is devoted to the most recent innovative techniques applied in the area of medical implant development, including novel design, function, diagnostics, treatment, and instrumentation systems, in particular for future clinical applications.

The scope of the Special Issue includes:

  • AI application in medical implant design, simulation, diagnostics, treatment perdition, and clinical trials;
  • Drug delivery application in medical implant design, in vivo/in vitro experiments, and clinical treatment;
  • Surface treatment techniques applied in medical implant design, in vivo/in vitro experiments, and clinical treatment;
  • 3D printing applied to medical implant design, simulation, manufracture, in vivo/in vitro experiments, and clinical treatment;
  • Biosensor applications in medical implant design, simulation, diagnostics, treatment perdition, and clinical trials;
  • Multitechnology integration applied to medical implant design, manufacturing, and corresponding instrument development.

Prof. Dr. Chunli Lin
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • implant
  • AI
  • drug delivery
  • surface treatment
  • 3D printing
  • biosensor

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2845 KiB  
Article
Impact of Scala Tympani Geometry on Insertion Forces during Implantation
by Filip Hrncirik, Iwan V. Roberts, Chloe Swords, Peter J. Christopher, Akil Chhabu, Andrew H. Gee and Manohar L. Bance
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 999; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12110999 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2590
Abstract
(1) Background: During a cochlear implant insertion, the mechanical trauma can cause residual hearing loss in up to half of implantations. The forces on the cochlea during the insertion can lead to this mechanical trauma but can be highly variable between subjects which [...] Read more.
(1) Background: During a cochlear implant insertion, the mechanical trauma can cause residual hearing loss in up to half of implantations. The forces on the cochlea during the insertion can lead to this mechanical trauma but can be highly variable between subjects which is thought to be due to differing anatomy, namely of the scala tympani. This study presents a systematic investigation of the influence of different geometrical parameters of the scala tympani on the cochlear implant insertion force. The influence of these parameters on the insertion forces were determined by testing the forces within 3D-printed, optically transparent models of the scala tympani with geometric alterations. (2) Methods: Three-dimensional segmentations of the cochlea were characterised using a custom MATLAB script which parametrised the scala tympani model, procedurally altered the key shape parameters (e.g., the volume, vertical trajectory, curvature, and cross-sectional area), and generated 3D printable models that were printed using a digital light processing 3D printer. The printed models were then attached to a custom insertion setup that measured the insertion forces on the cochlear implant and the scala tympani model during a controlled robotic insertion. (3) Results: It was determined that the insertion force is largely unaffected by the overall size, curvature, vertical trajectory, and cross-sectional area once the forces were normalised to an angular insertion depth. A Capstan-based model of the CI insertion forces was developed and matched well to the data acquired. (4) Conclusion: By using accurate 3D-printed models of the scala tympani with geometrical alterations, it was possible to demonstrate the insensitivity of the insertion forces to the size and shape of the scala tympani, after controlling for the angular insertion depth. This supports the Capstan model of the cochlear implant insertion force which predicts an exponential growth of the frictional force with an angular insertion depth. This concludes that the angular insertion depth, rather than the length of the CI inserted, should be the major consideration when evaluating the insertion force and associated mechanical trauma caused by cochlear implant insertion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technology Application for Medical Implants)
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11 pages, 2792 KiB  
Communication
Bioimpedance Sensing of Implanted Stent Occlusions: Smart Stent
by Antonio Rodríguez, Pablo Barroso, Alberto Olmo and Alberto Yúfera
Biosensors 2022, 12(6), 416; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12060416 - 15 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1826
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is one of the most common diseases in developed countries and affects a large part of the population of developing countries. Preventing restenosis in patients with implanted stents is an important current medical problem. The purpose of this work is [...] Read more.
Coronary artery disease is one of the most common diseases in developed countries and affects a large part of the population of developing countries. Preventing restenosis in patients with implanted stents is an important current medical problem. The purpose of this work is to analyse the viability of bioimpedance sensing to detect the formation of atheromatous plaque in an implantable stent. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics were performed to analyse the performance of the proposed bioimpedance sensing system, based on the Sheffield technique. Both non-pathological and pathological models (with atheromatous plaque), including the flow of blood were considered. Simulations with the non-pathological model showed a homogeneous distribution of the measured current intensity in the different electrodes, for every configuration. On the other hand, simulations with the pathological model showed a significant decrease of the measured current intensity in the electrodes close to the simulated atheromatous plaque. The presence of the atheromatous plaque can, therefore, be detected by the system with a simple algorithm, avoiding the full reconstruction of the image and the subsequent computational processing requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technology Application for Medical Implants)
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15 pages, 7268 KiB  
Article
Biomechanical Analysis and Design Method for Patient-Specific Reconstructive Implants for Large Bone Defects of the Distal Lateral Femur
by Po-Kuei Wu, Cheng-Wei Lee, Wei-Hsiang Sun and Chun-Li Lin
Biosensors 2022, 12(1), 4; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12010004 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3336
Abstract
This study aims to develop a generalizable method for designing a patient-specific reconstructive scaffold implant for a large distal lateral femur defect using finite element (FE) analysis and topology optimization. A 3D solid-core implant for the distal femur defect was designed to withhold [...] Read more.
This study aims to develop a generalizable method for designing a patient-specific reconstructive scaffold implant for a large distal lateral femur defect using finite element (FE) analysis and topology optimization. A 3D solid-core implant for the distal femur defect was designed to withhold the femur load. Data from FE analysis of the solid implant were use for topology optimization to obtain a ‘bone scaffold implant’ with light-weight internal cavity and surface lattice features to allow for filling with bone material. The bone scaffold implant weighed 69.6% less than the original solid-core implant. The results of FE simulation show that the bone repaired with the bone scaffold implant had lower total displacement (12%), bone plate von Mises stress (34%), bone maximum first principal stress (33%), and bone maximum first principal strain (32%) than did bone repaired with bone cement. The trend in experimental strain with increasing load on the composite femur was greater with bone cement than with the bone scaffold implant. This study presents a generalizable method for designing a patient-specific reconstructive scaffold implant for the distal lateral femur defect that has sufficient strength and space for filling with allograft bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technology Application for Medical Implants)
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