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Biosensors
Special Issues
Micro/Nano and Electromagnetic Sensors
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Micro/Nano and Electromagnetic Sensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Nano- and Micro-Technologies in Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 12843

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amir Farokh Payam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, School of Engineering, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
Interests: SPM; biomechanics; nanotechnology; imaging; characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ardavan Rahimian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK
Interests: applied electromagnetics; antennas; microwaves; wireless sensor networks; communication systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent progress in the design, modeling, fabrication, and application of sensor systems at the micro- and nano-scales has shown potential for unprecedented growth in their deployment in next-generation healthcare diagnostics, environmental monitoring, energy and embedded wireless systems, and robotics and space applications. This Special Issue cordially invites researchers to contribute original and innovative research outcomes on the engineering and theory associated with the components, devices, circuits, and systems in the different areas of micro-, nano-, and electromagnetic (EM)-based sensors. In this regard, industrial, scientific, and medical solutions on the design, modeling, and performance evaluation of the following areas are especially welcome, which seek to address the key issues associated with the emerging areas of micro- and nanoelectronics and wearable and implantable applications for the potential realization of smart healthcare and biosensor systems. Original research articles, short letters, and review papers are encouraged. The contributions from both academia and industry are welcomed. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Chemical sensors;

CMOS and microfluidic systems;

Electronic circuits for sensors;

Fabrication techniques for sensors;

NEMS/MEMS sensors;

Optical sensors;

Physical sensors;

Piezoelectric sensors;

Plasmonic sensors;

Sensor functionalization;

Sensor integration;

Body-centric EM subsystems;

Flexible, printed, and textile bioelectronics;

IoT-based biosensor and wearable systems;

RF/microwave/mm-Wave/THz BioEM;

Smart biomedical and wearable EM solutions;

Wearable and implantable biosensors for healthcare;

Wireless biosensor communications and networks.

Dr. Amir Farokh Payam
Dr. Ardavan Rahimian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 10163 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost Antenna-Array-Based Metamaterials for Non-Invasive Early-Stage Breast Tumor Detection in the Human Body
by Musa N. Hamza, Yadgar I. Abdulkarim, Salah Raza Saeed, Olcay Altıntaş, Rashad H. Mahmud, Bhargav Appasani and Cristian Ravariu
Biosensors 2022, 12(10), 828; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12100828 - 05 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
Microstrip patch antennas have been used in many applications since their appearance. Despite their great promise, their narrow bandwidth and the loss at high-frequency bands have limited their usage in medical applications. This work proposes a developed low-cost microstrip patch antenna suitable for [...] Read more.
Microstrip patch antennas have been used in many applications since their appearance. Despite their great promise, their narrow bandwidth and the loss at high-frequency bands have limited their usage in medical applications. This work proposes a developed low-cost microstrip patch antenna suitable for microwave imaging (MWI) applications within the wideband frequency range. The proposed antenna is loaded with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) to improve the antenna performance. The simulated results obtained using computer simulation technology (CST) indicate that the presence of the AMC has improved the frequency selectivity of the antenna at 8.6 GHz with a peak realized gain of 9.90443 dBi and 10.61 dBi for simulated and measured results, respectively. The proposed microstrip antenna has been fabricated to validate the simulated results, and its performance is tested experimentally. Additionally, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios have been presented. The breast phantom models with a tumor and the antenna operating as a transceiver have been numerically simulated for the application of cancer tumor cell detection. The work will have a significant impact on the design of electromagnetic biosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano and Electromagnetic Sensors)
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19 pages, 4309 KiB  
Article
Integrated Polarization-Splitting Grating Coupler for Chip-Scale Atomic Magnetometer
by Jinsheng Hu, Jixi Lu, Zihua Liang, Lu Liu, Weiyi Wang, Peng Zhou and Mao Ye
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12070529 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2489
Abstract
Atomic magnetometers (AMs) are widely acknowledged as one of the most sensitive kind of instruments for bio-magnetic field measurement. Recently, there has been growing interest in developing chip-scale AMs through nanophotonics and current CMOS-compatible nanofabrication technology, in pursuit of substantial reduction in volume [...] Read more.
Atomic magnetometers (AMs) are widely acknowledged as one of the most sensitive kind of instruments for bio-magnetic field measurement. Recently, there has been growing interest in developing chip-scale AMs through nanophotonics and current CMOS-compatible nanofabrication technology, in pursuit of substantial reduction in volume and cost. In this study, an integrated polarization-splitting grating coupler is demonstrated to achieve both efficient coupling and polarization splitting at the D1 transition wavelength of rubidium (795 nm). With this device, linearly polarized probe light that experienced optical rotation due to magnetically induced circular birefringence (of alkali medium) can be coupled and split into individual output ports. This is especially advantageous for emerging chip-scale AMs in that differential detection of ultra-weak magnetic field can be achieved through compact planar optical components. In addition, the device is designed with silicon nitride material on silicon dioxide that is deposited on a silicon substrate, being compatible with the current CMOS nanofabrication industry. Our study paves the way for the development of on-chip AMs that are the foundation for future multi-channel high-spatial resolution bio-magnetic imaging instruments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano and Electromagnetic Sensors)
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16 pages, 9111 KiB  
Article
Bioelectromagnetic Platform for Cell, Tissue, and In Vivo Stimulation
by Ryan C. Ashbaugh, Lalita Udpa, Ron R. Israeli, Assaf A. Gilad and Galit Pelled
Biosensors 2021, 11(8), 248; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11080248 - 25 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2563
Abstract
Magnetogenetics is a new field that utilizes electromagnetic fields to remotely control cellular activity. In addition to the development of the biological genetic tools, this approach requires designing hardware with a specific set of demands for the electromagnets used to provide the desired [...] Read more.
Magnetogenetics is a new field that utilizes electromagnetic fields to remotely control cellular activity. In addition to the development of the biological genetic tools, this approach requires designing hardware with a specific set of demands for the electromagnets used to provide the desired stimulation for electrophysiology and imaging experiments. Here, we present a universal stimulus delivery system comprising four magnet designs compatible with electrophysiology, fluorescence and luminescence imaging, microscopy, and freely behaving animal experiments. The overall system includes a low-cost stimulation controller that enables rapid switching between active and sham stimulation trials as well as precise control of stimulation delivery thereby enabling repeatable and reproducible measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano and Electromagnetic Sensors)
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Review

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27 pages, 9193 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on Micro-Fabricated Alkali Metal Vapor Cells
by Xuelei Wang, Mao Ye, Fei Lu, Yunkai Mao, Hao Tian and Jianli Li
Biosensors 2022, 12(3), 165; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12030165 - 06 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4570
Abstract
Alkali vapor cells are the core components of atomic sensing instruments such as atomic gyroscopes, atomic magnetometers, atomic clocks, etc. Emerging integrated atomic sensing devices require high-performance miniaturized alkali vapor cells, especially micro-fabricated vapor cells. In this review, bonding methods for vapor cells [...] Read more.
Alkali vapor cells are the core components of atomic sensing instruments such as atomic gyroscopes, atomic magnetometers, atomic clocks, etc. Emerging integrated atomic sensing devices require high-performance miniaturized alkali vapor cells, especially micro-fabricated vapor cells. In this review, bonding methods for vapor cells of this kind are summarized in detail, including anodic bonding, sacrificial micro-channel bonding, and metal thermocompression bonding. Compared with traditional through-lighting schemes, researchers have developed novel methods for micro-fabricated vapor cells under both single- and double-beam schemes. In addition, emerging packaging methods for alkali metals in micro-fabricated vapor cells can be categorized as physical or chemical approaches. Physical methods include liquid transfer and wax pack filling. Chemical methods include the reaction of barium azide with rubidium chloride, ultraviolet light decomposition (of rubidium azide), and the high-temperature electrolysis of rubidium-rich glass. Finally, the application trend of micro-fabricated alkali vapor cells in the field of micro-scale gyroscopes, micro-scale atomic clocks, and especially micro-scale biomagnetometers is reviewed. Currently, the sensing industry has become a major driving force for the miniaturization of atomic sensing devices, and in the near future, the micro-fabricated alkali vapor cell technology of atomic sensing devices may experience extensive developments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano and Electromagnetic Sensors)
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