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Biosensors
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Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors
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Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 27041

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ginu Rajan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Interests: optical fibre sensors; Engineering applications of optical fibre sensors; smart composites; biomedical sensing
Dr. Yanhua Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Interests: photonics materials; specialty optical fibre; fibre sensor; polymer
Prof. Dr. Yuan Gong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Interests: fiber-optic biochemical sensors; optofluidic laser; optical immunosensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the development of fiber sensing technology, optical fiber-based biosensors have attracted more and more attention, due to their unique features, like immune to electromagnetic interference, their less invasive nature, resistance to acid and alkali, no requirement of reference sensor, miniature sensor head, etc. Here, we are pleased to announce a Special Issue in Biosensors called “Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors”.

This Special Issue will focus on the recent developments in the field of optical fiber-based biosensors. It aims to bring attention to the state-of-the-art of the development and innovations in the field of fiber optic biosensors, including new design, sensing materials, fabrication processes and biomedical applications. Contributed research articles and reviews on applications of novel or existing fiber optic biosensors are welcome.  Relevant topics include, but are not limited to:

  • New design of biosensors
  • Smart biosensing
  • Materials for the advanced fiber optic biosensors
  • Fabrication of fiber biosensors
  • Lab-on-fibers
  • Fiber optic biosensors based on fiber laser, SPR, fiber grating, fiber interferometer, tapered or etched fiber
  • Health monitoring
  • Radiation monitoring in radiotherapy
  • Disposable biosensors
  • Signal and data processing in biosensing system

Dr. Ginu Rajan
Dr. Yanhua Luo
Prof. Dr. Yuan Gong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • New design of biosensors
  • Smart biosensing
  • Materials for the advanced fiber optic biosensors
  • Fabrication of fiber biosensors
  • Lab-on-fibers
  • Fiber optic biosensors based on fiber laser, SPR, fiber grating, fiber interferometer, tapered or etched fiber
  • Health monitoring
  • Radiation monitoring in radiotherapy
  • Disposable biosensors
  • System signal and data processing

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3242 KiB  
Article
Compact Surface Plasmon Resonance IgG Sensor Based on H-Shaped Optical Fiber
by Yijian Huang, Ying Wang, Gaixia Xu, Xing Rao, Jiaxiong Zhang, Xun Wu, Changrui Liao and Yiping Wang
Biosensors 2022, 12(3), 141; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12030141 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2687
Abstract
A compact surface plasmon resonance sensor based on an H-shaped optical fiber is proposed and demonstrated. The H-shaped optical fiber was fabricated experimentally by using hydrofluoric acid to controllably corrode the polarization-maintaining fiber. A satisfactory distance between the outer surface of the fiber [...] Read more.
A compact surface plasmon resonance sensor based on an H-shaped optical fiber is proposed and demonstrated. The H-shaped optical fiber was fabricated experimentally by using hydrofluoric acid to controllably corrode the polarization-maintaining fiber. A satisfactory distance between the outer surface of the fiber and the core can be achieved, and then the surface plasmon resonance effect can be excited by coating a metal film of appropriate thickness on the surface of the fiber. This technology can realize the preparation of multiple samples at one time, compared to the traditional side-polishing technique. The H-shaped optical fiber obtained from corrosion exhibits a high surface quality and short lengths, down to only a few hundred microns. The effects of the proposed H-shaped optical fiber on spectral properties are induced by process parameters, including fiber remaining thickness, coating thickness and fiber length, and were investigated in detail. The prepared sensor was used for the specific detection of human IgG, and the minimum human IgG concentration that the sensor can distinguish is 3.4 μg/mL. Such a compact surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor has the advantages of an easy fabrication, good consistency and low cost, and is expected to be applied in the specific detection of biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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10 pages, 13981 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost 3D Printer Drawn Optical Microfibers for Smartphone Colorimetric Detection
by Md Arafat Hossain, Protik Chandra Biswas, Saptami Rani, Shinthia Binte Eskender, Md Foyez-ul Islam, Arbil Chakma and John Canning
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 54; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios12020054 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4207
Abstract
A fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer extruder was utilized as a micro-furnace draw tower for the direct fabrication of low-cost optical fibers. An air-clad multimode microfiber was drawn from optically transparent polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) filament. A custom-made spooling collection allows for [...] Read more.
A fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer extruder was utilized as a micro-furnace draw tower for the direct fabrication of low-cost optical fibers. An air-clad multimode microfiber was drawn from optically transparent polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) filament. A custom-made spooling collection allows for an automatic variation of fiber diameter between ϕ ∼ 72 to 397 μm by tuning the drawing speed. Microstructure imaging as well as the 3D beam profiling of the transmitted beam in the orthogonal axes was used to show good quality, functioning microfiber fabrication with uniform diameter and identical beam profiles for orthogonal axes. The drawn microfiber was used to demonstrate budget smartphone colorimetric-based absorption measurement to detect the degree of adulteration of olive oils with soybean oil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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13 pages, 3319 KiB  
Article
On-Site Biolayer Interferometry-Based Biosensing of Carbamazepine in Whole Blood of Epileptic Patients
by Sumin Bian, Ying Tao, Zhoule Zhu, Peixi Zhu, Qiqin Wang, Hemmings Wu and Mohamad Sawan
Biosensors 2021, 11(12), 516; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11120516 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3822
Abstract
On-site monitoring of carbamazepine (CBZ) that allows rapid, sensitive, automatic, and high-throughput detection directly from whole blood is of urgent demand in current clinical practice for precision medicine. Herein, we developed two types (being indirect vs. direct) of fiber-optic biolayer interferometry (FO-BLI) biosensors [...] Read more.
On-site monitoring of carbamazepine (CBZ) that allows rapid, sensitive, automatic, and high-throughput detection directly from whole blood is of urgent demand in current clinical practice for precision medicine. Herein, we developed two types (being indirect vs. direct) of fiber-optic biolayer interferometry (FO-BLI) biosensors for on-site CBZ monitoring. The indirect FO-BLI biosensor preincubated samples with monoclonal antibodies towards CBZ (MA-CBZ), and the mixture competes with immobilized CBZ to bind towards MA-CBZ. The direct FO-BLI biosensor used sample CBZ and CBZ-horseradish peroxidase (CBZ-HRP) conjugate to directly compete for binding with immobilized MA-CBZ, followed by a metal precipitate 3,3′-diaminobenzidine to amplify the signals. Indirect FO-BLI detected CBZ within its therapeutic range and was regenerated up to 12 times with negligible baseline drift, but reported results in 25 min. However, Direct FO-BLI achieved CBZ detection in approximately 7.5 min, down to as low as 10 ng/mL, with good accuracy, specificity and negligible matric interference using a high-salt buffer. Validation of Direct FO-BLI using six paired sera and whole blood from epileptic patients showed excellent agreement with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Being automated and able to achieve high throughput, Direct FO-BLI proved itself to be more effective for integration into the clinic by delivering CBZ values from whole blood within minutes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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19 pages, 4759 KiB  
Article
Fiber Optic Distributed Sensing Network for Shape Sensing-Assisted Epidural Needle Guidance
by Aida Amantayeva, Nargiz Adilzhanova, Aizhan Issatayeva, Wilfried Blanc, Carlo Molardi and Daniele Tosi
Biosensors 2021, 11(11), 446; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11110446 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
Epidural anesthesia is a pain management process that requires the insertion of a miniature needle through the epidural space located within lumbar vertebrae. The use of a guidance system for manual insertion can reduce failure rates and provide increased efficiency in the process. [...] Read more.
Epidural anesthesia is a pain management process that requires the insertion of a miniature needle through the epidural space located within lumbar vertebrae. The use of a guidance system for manual insertion can reduce failure rates and provide increased efficiency in the process. In this work, we present and experimentally assess a guidance system based on a network of fiber optic distributed sensors. The fibers are mounted externally to the needle, without blocking its inner channel, and through a strain-to-shape detection method reconstruct the silhouette of the epidural device in real time (1 s). We experimentally assessed the shape sensing methods over 25 experiments performed in a phantom, and we observed that the sensing system correctly identified bending patterns typical in epidural insertions, characterized by the different stiffness of the tissues. By studying metrics related to the curvatures and their temporal changes, we provide identifiers that can potentially serve for the (in)correct identification of the epidural space, and support the operator through the insertion process by recognizing the bending patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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9 pages, 3035 KiB  
Communication
Study on a Plasmonic Tilted Fiber Grating-Based Biosensor for Calmodulin Detection
by Xiaoyong Chen, Jie Jiang, Nan Zhang, Wenwei Lin, Pin Xu and Jinghua Sun
Biosensors 2021, 11(6), 195; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11060195 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3345
Abstract
Tilted fiber Bragg grating, which has the advantages of both fiber Bragg grating and long-period fiber grating, has been widely studied for sensing in many fields, especially in the field of biochemistry. Calmodulin, which has a wide distribution in eukaryotes, can regulate several [...] Read more.
Tilted fiber Bragg grating, which has the advantages of both fiber Bragg grating and long-period fiber grating, has been widely studied for sensing in many fields, especially in the field of biochemistry. Calmodulin, which has a wide distribution in eukaryotes, can regulate several enzymes such as adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase and mediates several cellular processes such as cell proliferation and cyclic nucleotide metabolism. The abnormal levels of calmodulin in the body will result in serious effects from metabolism to nerve growth and memory. Therefore, it is important to measure the calmodulin concentration in the body. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a plasmonic tilted fiber Bragg grating-based biosensor for calmodulin detection. The biosensor was made using an 18° tilted fiber Bragg grating with a 50 nm-thick gold nanofilm coating the surface of the fiber, and transient receptor potential channels were bonded onto the surface of the gold nanofilm to serve as bio-detectors for calmodulin detection. Experimental results showed that the limit of detection using our biosensor was 0.44 nM. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the interaction between calmodulin and transient receptor potential channels was quite weak without calcium in the solution, which agrees with the biology. Our proposed biosensor has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is of small size, making it a good choice for real-time, label-free, and microliter-volume biomolecule detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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13 pages, 1376 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Twin Resonance Coupling Refractive Index Sensor Based on Gold- and MgF2-Coated Nano Metal Films
by Kawsar Ahmed, Mohammed A. AlZain, Hasan Abdullah, Yanhua Luo, Dhasarathan Vigneswaran, Osama S. Faragallah, Mahmoud M. A. Eid and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Biosensors 2021, 11(4), 104; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11040104 - 02 Apr 2021
Cited by 70 | Viewed by 4190
Abstract
A plasmonic material-coated circular-shaped photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed to explore the optical guiding performance of the refractive index (RI) sensing at 1.7–3.7 μm. A twin resonance coupling profile is observed by selectively infiltrating [...] Read more.
A plasmonic material-coated circular-shaped photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed to explore the optical guiding performance of the refractive index (RI) sensing at 1.7–3.7 μm. A twin resonance coupling profile is observed by selectively infiltrating liquid using finite element method (FEM). A nano-ring gold layer with a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) coating and fused silica are used as plasmonic and base material, respectively, that help to achieve maximum sensing performance. RI analytes are highly sensitive to SPR and are injected into the outmost air holes of the cladding. The highest sensitivity of 27,958.49 nm/RIU, birefringence of 3.9 × 10−4, resolution of 3.70094 × 10−5 RIU, and transmittance dip of −34 dB are achieved. The proposed work is a purely numerical simulation with proper optimization. The value of optimization has been referred to with an experimental tolerance value, but at the same time it has been ensured that it is not fabricated and tested. In summary, the explored C-PCF can widely be eligible for RI-based sensing applications for its excellent performance, which makes it a solid candidate for next generation biosensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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Review

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30 pages, 35423 KiB  
Review
Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polymer Optical Fiber for Biomedical Application: A Review
by Yue Wang, Yu Huang, Hongyi Bai, Guoqing Wang, Xuehao Hu, Santosh Kumar and Rui Min
Biosensors 2021, 11(12), 472; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/bios11120472 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 5058
Abstract
This article discusses recent advances in biocompatible and biodegradable polymer optical fiber (POF) for medical applications. First, the POF material and its optical properties are summarized. Then, several common optical fiber fabrication methods are thoroughly discussed. Following that, clinical applications of biocompatible and [...] Read more.
This article discusses recent advances in biocompatible and biodegradable polymer optical fiber (POF) for medical applications. First, the POF material and its optical properties are summarized. Then, several common optical fiber fabrication methods are thoroughly discussed. Following that, clinical applications of biocompatible and biodegradable POFs are discussed, including optogenetics, biosensing, drug delivery, and neural recording. Following that, biomedical applications expanded the specific functionalization of the material or fiber design. Different research or clinical applications necessitate the use of different equipment to achieve the desired results. Finally, the difficulty of implanting flexible fiber varies with its flexibility. We present our article in a clear and logical manner that will be useful to researchers seeking a broad perspective on the proposed topic. Overall, the content provides a comprehensive overview of biocompatible and biodegradable POFs, including previous breakthroughs, as well as recent advancements. Biodegradable optical fibers have numerous applications, opening up new avenues in biomedicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Optical Fiber Based Biosensors)
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