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Brain Sciences
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The Role of Neuroinflammation in Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
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The Role of Neuroinflammation in Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 February 2020) | Viewed by 20518

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Adel Helmy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Univ Cambridge, Div Neurosurg, Dept Clin Neurosci, Box 167,Cambridge Biomed Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
Interests: traumatic brain injury; neuroinflammation; microdialysis; clinical trials; subarachnoid haemorrhage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease with several related pathophysiological mechanisms that can inflict neuronal injury. There is an increasing realization that inflammatory mediators and cells provide a mechanistic underpinning to these processes. This provides an opportunity to both develop a deeper understanding of TBI pathophysiology and to provide credible and tractable therapeutic targets. This Guest Issue will bring together several strands of evidence in a growing and exciting field.
We would be delighted to welcome both review articles and original research in this field.

Dr. Adel Helmy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Neuroinflammation
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Neuroprotection
  • Clinical neurosciences
  • Microglia

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

24 pages, 1649 KiB  
Review
Neuro-Inflammation in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury—from Mechanisms to Inflammatory Networks
by Erik Fraunberger and Michael J. Esser
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(11), 319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci9110319 - 09 Nov 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6317
Abstract
Compared to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the adult population, pediatric TBI has received less research attention, despite its potential long-term impact on the lives of many children around the world. After numerous clinical trials and preclinical research studies examining various secondary mechanisms [...] Read more.
Compared to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the adult population, pediatric TBI has received less research attention, despite its potential long-term impact on the lives of many children around the world. After numerous clinical trials and preclinical research studies examining various secondary mechanisms of injury, no definitive treatment has been found for pediatric TBIs of any severity. With the advent of high-throughput and high-resolution molecular biology and imaging techniques, inflammation has become an appealing target, due to its mixed effects on outcome, depending on the time point examined. In this review, we outline key mechanisms of inflammation, the contribution and interactions of the peripheral and CNS-based immune cells, and highlight knowledge gaps pertaining to inflammation in pediatric TBI. We also introduce the application of network analysis to leverage growing multivariate and non-linear inflammation data sets with the goal to gain a more comprehensive view of inflammation and develop prognostic and treatment tools in pediatric TBI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Neuroinflammation in Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI))
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25 pages, 746 KiB  
Review
Neuroinflammation in Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: Pathophysiology and Tractable Therapeutic Targets
by Rishabh Sharma, Wai Lam Leung, Akram Zamani, Terence J. O’Brien, Pablo M. Casillas Espinosa and Bridgette D. Semple
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(11), 318; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci9110318 - 09 Nov 2019
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 7530
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to increased morbidity and mortality for survivors. As post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is drug-resistant in at least one-third of patients, there is a clear need for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent epilepsy [...] Read more.
Epilepsy is a common chronic consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to increased morbidity and mortality for survivors. As post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is drug-resistant in at least one-third of patients, there is a clear need for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent epilepsy from developing after TBI, or to mitigate its severity. It has long been recognized that seizure activity is associated with a local immune response, characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the release of a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. More recently, increasing evidence also supports a causal role for neuroinflammation in seizure induction and propagation, acting both directly and indirectly on neurons to promote regional hyperexcitability. In this narrative review, we focus on key aspects of the neuroinflammatory response that have been implicated in epilepsy, with a particular focus on PTE. The contributions of glial cells, blood-derived leukocytes, and the blood–brain barrier will be explored, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. While the neuroinflammatory response to TBI appears to be largely pro-epileptogenic, further research is needed to clearly demonstrate causal relationships. This research has the potential to unveil new drug targets for PTE, and identify immune-based biomarkers for improved epilepsy prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Neuroinflammation in Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI))
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12 pages, 483 KiB  
Review
Long-Term Cognitive Performance of Retired Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yanjie Zhang, Yongzhi Ma, Shihui Chen, Xiaolei Liu, Hye Jung Kang, Siera Nelson and Samantha Bell
Brain Sci. 2019, 9(8), 199; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci9080199 - 13 Aug 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6243
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively estimate (or invest) the impacts of sports-related concussions (SRCs) on cognitive performance among retired athletes more than 10 years after retirement. Methods: Six databases including (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and [...] Read more.
Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively estimate (or invest) the impacts of sports-related concussions (SRCs) on cognitive performance among retired athletes more than 10 years after retirement. Methods: Six databases including (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PsycArtilces) were employed to retrieve the related studies. Studies that evaluate the association between cognitive function and the SRC of retired athletes sustaining more than 10 years were included. Results: A total of 11 studies that included 792 participants (534 retired athletes with SRC) were identified. The results indicated that the retired athletes with SRCs, compared to the non-concussion group, had significant cognitive deficits in verbal memory (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.02, I2 = 52.8%), delayed recall (SMD = −0.30, 95% CI –0.46 to 0.07, I2 = 27.9%), and attention (SMD = −0.33, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.06, I2 = 0%). Additionally, meta-regression demonstrated that the period of time between testing and the last concussion is significantly associated with reduced verbal memory (β = −0.03681, p = 0.03), and increasing age is significantly associated with the verbal memory (β = −0.03767, p = 0.01), immediate recall (β = −0.08684, p = 0.02), and delay recall (β = −0.07432, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The retired athletes who suffered from SRCs during their playing career had declined cognitive performance in partial domains (immediate recall, visuospatial ability, and reaction time) later in life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Neuroinflammation in Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI))
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