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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
New Insights into Early Detection Markers in Mental Disorders
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New Insights into Early Detection Markers in Mental Disorders

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Psychiatric Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 March 2022) | Viewed by 8387

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chien-Han Lai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: mental health disorders; depression; anxiety disorders
Dr. Joaquim Radua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
2. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
3. Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: psychiatric disorders; neuroimaging techniques; meta-analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of mental illness is an emerging and serious issue for the 21st century. For the treatment and relief of the symptoms of mental illness, early detection and prevention are a trend. For example, the early detection of schizophrenia via at-risk mental states will be beneficial for clinicians and scientists researching how to prevent the further sequelae of schizophrenia. In fact, early detection and treatment will also provide better prognoses for other mental illness, not just schizophrenia. The effects of treatment and prognoses for many kinds of mental illness, such as bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism, may be better if clinicians and scientists can find optimal biomarkers with which to identify the early phases or prodromal phases of mental illness. This Special Issue will focus on studies of early detection biomarkers in patients with mental illness, which could help us to address the significant impacts of mental illness in this complex century.

Dr. Chien-Han Lai
Dr. Joaquim Radua
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mental illness
  • biomarker
  • early detection
  • neuroimaging
  • biological

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 311 KiB  
Article
Weak Hand Grip Strength Is Associated with Alexithymia in Outpatients in a Mexican Population
by Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza, Ana Fresán, Thelma Beatriz González-Castro, Sherezada Pool-García, Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate, Rosa Giannina Castillo-Avila, Pedro Iván Arias-Vázquez, María Lilia López-Narváez and Humberto Nicolini
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(5), 576; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci12050576 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
Hand grip strength has been considered as a possible marker for metabolic and psychiatric disease. To date, however, no research has focused on the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The objective of the present study was to investigate the correct association [...] Read more.
Hand grip strength has been considered as a possible marker for metabolic and psychiatric disease. To date, however, no research has focused on the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The objective of the present study was to investigate the correct association between hand grip strength and alexithymia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Comalcalco, Tabasco, México. A total of 246 individuals were included. Hand grip strength was evaluated in the dominant hand using a Takei® portable digital dynamometer. Alexithymia was measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Two linear regression models adjusted by confounders were used to determine the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The rate for positive alexithymia was 39.0% (n = 94). Individuals with alexithymia showed a weaker hand grip strength than the comparison group (t = 2.4, 244 df, p = 0.01). Individuals with alexithymia had significantly reduced levels of hand grip strength (β = −0.39 ± 0.14; p = 0.006); after additional adjustment for clinical variables, decreased hand grip strength remained (β = 8.00 ± 1.86; p ≤ 0.001). Our results suggest that a decrease in hand grip strength could be associated with alexithymia. This measurement could be useful as a predictive marker for the identification of alexithymia in Mexican individuals who attend outpatient clinics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Early Detection Markers in Mental Disorders)
16 pages, 2022 KiB  
Article
Relationship between White Matter Alterations and Pathophysiological Symptoms in Patients with Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis, First-Episode, and Chronic Schizophrenia
by Katarzyna Waszczuk, Ernest Tyburski, Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń, Piotr Plichta, Krzysztof Rudkowski, Piotr Podwalski, Maksymilian Bielecki, Monika Mak, Adrianna Bober, Błażej Misiak, Leszek Sagan, Anna Michalczyk, Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur and Jerzy Samochowiec
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(3), 354; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci12030354 - 07 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2197
Abstract
Some symptoms of schizophrenia might be present before full-blown psychosis, so white matter changes must be studied both in individuals with emerging psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. A total of 86 patients—12 ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), 20 first episode psychosis (FEP), 54 chronic [...] Read more.
Some symptoms of schizophrenia might be present before full-blown psychosis, so white matter changes must be studied both in individuals with emerging psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. A total of 86 patients—12 ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), 20 first episode psychosis (FEP), 54 chronic schizophrenia (CS), and 33 healthy controls (HC)—underwent psychiatric examination and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. We assessed fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILS). We found that CS patients had lower FA than FEP patients (p = 0.025) and HC (p = 0.088), and higher MD than HC (p = 0.037) in the right SLF. In the CS group, we found positive correlations of MD in both right ILF (rho = 0.39, p < 0.05) and SLF (rho = 0.43, p < 0.01) with disorganization symptoms, as well as negative correlation of FA in the right ILF with disorganization symptoms (rho = −0.43, p < 0.05). Among UHR individuals, we found significant negative correlations between MD in the left ILF and negative (r = −0.74, p < 0.05) and general symptoms (r = −0.77, p < 0.05). However promising, these findings should be treated as preliminary, and further research must verify whether they can be treated as potential biomarkers of psychosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Early Detection Markers in Mental Disorders)
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Review

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18 pages, 557 KiB  
Review
Early Detection and Prevention of Schizophrenic Psychosis—A Review
by Martin Lennart Schulze Westhoff, Johannes Ladwig, Johannes Heck, Rasmus Schülke, Adrian Groh, Maximilian Deest, Stefan Bleich, Helge Frieling and Kirsten Jahn
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(1), 11; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/brainsci12010011 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3888
Abstract
Psychotic disorders often run a chronic course and are associated with a considerable emotional and social impact for patients and their relatives. Therefore, early recognition, combined with the possibility of preventive intervention, is urgently warranted since the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) significantly [...] Read more.
Psychotic disorders often run a chronic course and are associated with a considerable emotional and social impact for patients and their relatives. Therefore, early recognition, combined with the possibility of preventive intervention, is urgently warranted since the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) significantly determines the further course of the disease. In addition to established diagnostic tools, neurobiological factors in the development of schizophrenic psychoses are increasingly being investigated. It is shown that numerous molecular alterations already exist before the clinical onset of the disease. As schizophrenic psychoses are not elicited by a single mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, epigenetics likely constitute the missing link between environmental influences and disease development and could potentially serve as a biomarker. The results from transcriptomic and proteomic studies point to a dysregulated immune system, likely evoked by epigenetic alterations. Despite the increasing knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the development of psychotic disorders, further research efforts with large population-based study designs are needed to identify suitable biomarkers. In conclusion, a combination of blood examinations, functional imaging techniques, electroencephalography (EEG) investigations and polygenic risk scores should be considered as the basis for predicting how subjects will transition into manifest psychosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Early Detection Markers in Mental Disorders)
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