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Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer

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A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Survivorship and Quality of Life".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 14385

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Prof. Dr. L. Joseph Su

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Guest Editor

Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8876, USA
Interests: dietary biomarkers; toxic contaminants in foods; cancer; metabolomics; DNA methylation

Dr. Hui-Yi Lin

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Guest Editor

Professor of Biostatistics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Interests: genetic statistics; biostatistics; cancer epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

When the Human Genome Project was funded by the US government in 1990 and later jointly supported by international collaborative efforts, some scientists thought that the completion of the project would fill all of the gaps in our knowledge on cancer. Clearly, our knowledge on cancer and many other diseases has advanced drastically since the start of the effort, but human suffering from cancer is far from over. Many mechanisms involved in cancer initiation and progression remain unclear. A large body of evidence indicates that many lifestyle, dietary, and environmental factors, as well as exposure to infectious agents, are likely to be major contributions to the risk of cancer. There is overwhelming evidence from population-based studies that many of these non-genetic factors can be modifiable.

This Special Issue “Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer” is a collection of evidence-based research that highlights the latest innovative and thought-provoking approaches to identify these factors. The objective of this Special Issue is to stimulate ideas of population-wide prevention strategies to bring about widespread changes in modifiable risk factors thus bringing about dramatic reduction in cancer incidence.

Prof. Dr. L. Joseph Su
Dr. Hui-Yi Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

cancer
nutrition
environmental contaminants
heavy metals
metabolomics
epigenetics
lifestyle factors
infectious agents
pesticides
modifiable risk factors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiologic Trends of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in Arkansas Reveals Demographic Disparities

by Delice Kayishunge, Sophia Ly, Joseph Su and Henry K. Wong

Cancers 2022, 14(17), 4329; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14174329 - 04 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1648

Abstract

Accurate demographic data are critical for comprehending and treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Our research aimed to determine the demographics and incidence trends of CTCL patients in Arkansas compared to those of the national CTCL population to recognize the underlying disparities. We collected data from 143 CTCL patients at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) and national CTCL patient data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Our analysis revealed that males are affected more than females across all ages and races. CTCL incidence and mortality data show that CTCL has a steady increase at the national level and in Arkansas while disproportionately affecting the young black male population. In Arkansas, more than one-third of black patients presented at an advanced stage (IIB+) compared to one-fifth in the white population, and the mean age of death was more than a decade younger for black (60 years) than for white patients (74.6 years). Nationally, black male patients had the greatest mortality rate (0.5) compared to 0.32 for white males. CTCL is 2.23 and 2.38 times more prevalent in urban versus rural areas in Arkansas and nationally, respectively. Most Arkansas patients reside near major interstates and chemical-emitting sites. In conclusion, our demographic analysis of Arkansas and national CTCL patients verifies recent trends toward more aggressive presentations in young black male patients, and our geographic findings suggest possible environmental risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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14 pages, 1892 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Mortality among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Results from the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Cohort Study and a Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

by Jing Zhao, Yun Zhu, Meizhi Du, Yu Wang, Jillian Vallis, Patrick S. Parfrey, John R. Mclaughlin, Xiuying Qi and Peizhong Peter Wang

Cancers 2022, 14(15), 3801; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14153801 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1878

Abstract

We examined dietary fiber intake for its relevance to Colorectal cancer (CRC) survival in a cohort of CRC patients and a meta-analysis including results from four prospective cohort studies. We analyzed 504 CRC patients enrolled in the Newfoundland Familial Colorectal Cancer Study (NFCCS) who were newly diagnosed with CRC between 1999 and 2003. Follow-up for deaths was through April 2010. All participants completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire to evaluate their dietary intakes one year before diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the associations of dietary fiber intake with all-cause mortality and CRC-specific mortality. In the meta-analysis, we identified prospective cohort studies published between January 1991 and December 2021 by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to combine the study-specific hazard ratio (HR) from our original analysis and three other cohorts. In the NFCCS, we found that CRC patients with the second quartile of dietary fiber intake had a 42% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35–0.98) and 58% lower risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.87) compared with those with the lowest quartile. In the meta-analysis, a similar inverse association between dietary fiber and total mortality was detected among CRC patients; each 10 g/day increase in dietary fiber intake was associated with a 16% decreased risk of total mortality. The dose–response meta-analysis showed a linear relationship between dietary fiber intake and all-cause mortality, with no sign of a plateau. For CRC-specific mortality, intriguingly, the benefit associated with increasing dietary fiber intake achieved its maximum at approximately 22 g/day, and no further reduction in CRC-specific mortality was observed beyond this intake level. Our results suggest that high dietary fiber intake may be associated with prolonged survival among CRC patients. Our findings add to the sparse literature on the role of dietary fiber in CRC survival. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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12 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study

by Macarena Lozano-Lorca, Margarita Rodríguez-González, Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido, Fernando Vázquez-Alonso, Miguel Arrabal, Benita Martín-Castaño, María-José Sánchez, José-Juan Jiménez-Moleón and Rocío Olmedo-Requena

Cancers 2022, 14(14), 3475; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14143475 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2067

Abstract

The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain, and the role of diet is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of diet, through dietary patterns, on PCa, considering tumor aggressiveness and extension. The CAPLIFE study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls aged 40–80 years. Dietary information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis: “Mediterranean,” “Western,” and “Unhealthy,” which were categorized into tertiles according to the control group cutoff points. Tumor aggressiveness and extension was determined. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary patterns and PCa. High adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of PCa, OR_T3vsT1 = 1.52 (95% CI 1.02–2.27), especially for cases with ISUP 1–2 and localized PCa tumors. This association was not observed with a Western or Mediterranean pattern. In conclusion, adherence to an unhealthy diet appears to be associated with higher odds of PCa, especially for cases with ISUP 1–2 and localized PCa tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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17 pages, 420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Mass Index Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Postmenopausal Interval Breast Cancer: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative

by Zhenzhen Zhang, Grace Curran, Jackilen Shannon, Ellen M. Velie, Veronica L. Irvin, JoAnn E. Manson, Michael S. Simon, Duygu Altinok Dindar, Chelsea Pyle, Pepper Schedin and Fred K. Tabung

Cancers 2022, 14(13), 3228; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14133228 - 30 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1590

Abstract

Interval breast cancer refers to cancer diagnosed after a negative screening mammogram and before the next scheduled screening mammogram. Interval breast cancer has worse prognosis than screening-detected cancer. Body mass index (BMI) influences the accuracy of mammography and overall postmenopausal breast cancer risk, yet how is obesity associated with postmenopausal interval breast cancer incidence is unclear. The current study included cancer-free postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years at enrollment in the Women’s Health Initiative who were diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up. Analyses include 324 interval breast cancer cases diagnosed within one year after the participant’s last negative screening mammogram and 1969 screening-detected breast cancer patients. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) was measured at baseline. Associations between obesity and incidence of interval cancer were determined by sequential logistic regression analyses. In multivariable-adjusted models, obesity was inversely associated with interval breast cancer risk [OR (95% CI) = 0.65 (0.46, 0.92)]. The inverse association persisted after excluding women diagnosed within 2 years [OR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.42, 0.87)] or 4 years [OR (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.37, 0.86)] of enrollment, suggesting consistency of the association regardless of screening practices prior to trial entry. These findings warrant confirmation in studies with body composition measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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14 pages, 1017 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Serum Serine and Glycine and Related-Metabolites with Pancreatic Cancer in a Prospective Cohort Study

by Hung N. Luu, Pedram Paragomi, Renwei Wang, Joyce Y. Huang, Jennifer Adams-Haduch, Øivind Midttun, Arve Ulvik, Tin C. Nguyen, Randall E. Brand, Yutang Gao, Per Magne Ueland and Jian-Min Yuan

Cancers 2022, 14(9), 2199; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14092199 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2256

Abstract

Background. Serine and glycine play an important role in the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism. The metabolism of serine and glycine has been shown to be associated with cancer cell proliferation. No prior epidemiologic study has investigated the associations for serum levels of serine and glycine with pancreatic cancer risk. Methods. We conducted a nested case-control study involved 129 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 258 individually matched controls within a prospective cohort study of 18,244 male residents in Shanghai, China. Glycine and serine and related metabolites in pre-diagnostic serum were quantified using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A conditional logistic regression method was used to evaluate the associations for serine, glycine, and related metabolites with pancreatic cancer risk with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of pancreatic cancer for the highest quartile of serine and glycine were 0.33 (0.14–0.75) and 0.25 (0.11–0.58), respectively, compared with their respective lowest quartiles (both p’s < 0.01). No significant association with risk of pancreatic cancer was observed for other serine- or glycine related metabolites including cystathionine, cysteine, and sarcosine. Conclusion. The risk of pancreatic cancer was reduced by more than 70% in individuals with elevated levels of glycine and serine in serum collected, on average, more than 10 years prior to cancer diagnosis in a prospectively designed case-control study. These novel findings support a protective role of serine and glycine against the development of pancreatic cancer in humans that might have an implication for cancer prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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12 pages, 796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intake Patterns of Specific Alcoholic Beverages by Prostate Cancer Status

by Hui-Yi Lin, Tung-Sung Tseng, Xinnan Wang, Zhide Fang, Arnold H. Zea, Liang Wang, Julio Pow-Sang, Catherine M. Tangen, Phyllis J. Goodman, Alicja Wolk, Niclas Håkansson, Manolis Kogevinas, Javier Llorca, Hermann Brenner, Ben Schöttker, Jose Esteban Castelao, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Marija Gamulin, Davor Lessel, Frank Claessens, Steven Joniau, the PRACTICAL Consortium and Jong Y. Park Show full author list Hide full author list

Cancers 2022, 14(8), 1981; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14081981 - 14 Apr 2022

Viewed by 1817

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown that different alcoholic beverage types impact prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study’s objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and the three types of beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by the PCa risk and aggressiveness status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study using 10,029 men (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients) with European ancestry from the PCa consortium. Associations between PCa status and alcohol intake patterns (infrequent, light/moderate, and heavy) were tested using multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Intake frequency patterns of total alcohol were similar for non-PCa men and PCa patients after adjusting for demographic and other factors. However, PCa patients were more likely to drink wine (light/moderate, OR = 1.11, p = 0.018) and spirits (light/moderate, OR = 1.14, p = 0.003; and heavy, OR = 1.34, p = 0.04) than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer than patients with non-aggressive PCa (heavy, OR = 1.48, p = 0.013). Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.009). Conclusions: The intake patterns of some alcoholic beverage types differed by PCa status. Our findings can provide valuable information for developing custom alcohol interventions for PCa patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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17 pages, 841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Disparities in Cervical Cancer Screening with HPV Test among Females with Diabetes in the Deep South

by Cassidi C. McDaniel, Hayleigh H. Hallam, Tiffany Cadwallader, Hee-Yun Lee and Chiahung Chou

Cancers 2021, 13(24), 6319; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers13246319 - 16 Dec 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2155

Abstract

Background: Due to diabetes being linked with poorer cervical cancer prognosis, this study aimed to evaluate HPV testing behaviors among females with and without diabetes across the U.S. by geographic area in 2016, 2018, and 2020. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2016, 2018, and 2020. The study population included females aged 25–69 years old, stratified by self-reported diabetes status. The primary outcome measure was cervical cancer screening behavior, which was evaluated by self-reported HPV test uptake/receipt (yes/no). Results: A total of 361,546 females from across the U.S. were sampled. Within the study population combined from all study years, the overall likelihood of receiving an HPV test was significantly lower among females with diabetes [37.95% (95% CI: 36.87–39.04)] compared to those without diabetes [46.21% (95% CI: 45.84–46.58)] (p < 0.001). Screening rates with HPV tests were lowest among females with diabetes in the South in 2016 (29.32% (95% CI: 26.82–31.83)), 2018 (39.63% (95% CI: 36.30–42.96)), and 2020 (41.02% (95% CI: 37.60–44.45)). Conclusions: Females with diabetes are screening with HPV tests less frequently than females without diabetes, and females living in the South, particularly states in the Deep South, report the lowest rates of HPV testing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population-Based Research on Modifiable Risk Factors for Cancer)

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