Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 13845

Special Issue Editor

NHL-BFM Study Center and Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
Interests: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Leukemia; Pediatrics; Genetics; Molecular Biology Immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the fourth most frequent type of cancer in children and adolescents and is characterized by its very heterogeneous sub-entities. The vast majority of subtypes present as aggressive lymphoma with rapid clinical course requiring intense systemic chemotherapy. The finding that different NHL subtypes deserve differently designed treatment regimen has contributed to major benefits in patient survival. In turn, the differentiation of multiple histological and corresponding clinical subgroups has resulted in limited patient numbers per group.

To overcome this limitation, international and interdisciplinary co-operations play a major role and contribute to the essential cornerstones of research and progress in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents.

Firstly, the clinical characterization of rare subtypes and publication has helped toward treatment recommendations (e.g., peripheral T-cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma or NHL with pre-existing conditions). Secondly, translational research projects identified prognostic biomarkers and subsequent adaptations of risk group stratifications in treatment protocols (e.g., minimal disseminated disease in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma, mutational status in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma). Additionally, translational research projects have helped to identify and characterize subgroups that were not recognized in respective lymphoma classifications (e.g., pediatric type follicular lymphoma). Thirdly, international investigators have initiated randomized clinical trials for systematic and prospective treatment optimization (e.g., ALCL 99, EURO-LB02, FAB 96, Inter-B-NHL 2010).

Ongoing and future challenges are the implementation and validation of new techniques (e.g., metabolic imaging, liquid biopsies) and new compounds (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors, ALK inhibitors, CART-cells) into established treatment regimens with the overarching aim to improve survival and decrease treatment-related acute and long-term side effects for patients.

This Special Issue will highlight the understanding of the biology of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in children and adolescents, as well as the state of the art of current treatment approaches and future prospects for improving therapies.

Prof. Dr. Birgit Burkhardt
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • Children and Adolescents
  • Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2097 KiB  
Article
Pediatric Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Malignancies: From Extramedullary to Medullary Involvement
by Emma Kroeze, Laura Arias Padilla, Max Bakker, Judith M. Boer, Melanie M. Hagleitner, Birgit Burkhardt, Takeshi Mori, Andishe Attarbaschi, Jaime Verdú-Amorós, Marta Pillon, Liliya Anderzhanova, Edita Kabíčková, Alan K. S. Chiang, Rejin Kebudi, Karin Mellgren, Jelena Lazic, Janez Jazbec, Jules P. P. Meijerink, Auke Beishuizen and Jan L. C. Loeffen
Cancers 2022, 14(16), 3895; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14163895 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (BCP-LBL) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) are the malignant counterparts of immature B-cells. BCP-ALL is the most common hematological malignancy in childhood, while BCP-LBL accounts for only 1% of all hematological malignancies in children. Therefore, BCP-ALL has been well [...] Read more.
B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (BCP-LBL) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) are the malignant counterparts of immature B-cells. BCP-ALL is the most common hematological malignancy in childhood, while BCP-LBL accounts for only 1% of all hematological malignancies in children. Therefore, BCP-ALL has been well studied and treatment protocols have changed over the last decades, whereas treatment for BCP-LBL has stayed roughly the same. Clinical characteristics of 364 pediatric patients with precursor B-cell malignancies were studied, consisting of BCP-LBL (n = 210) and BCP-ALL (n = 154) patients. Our results indicate that based on the clinical presentation of disease, B-cell malignancies probably represent a spectrum ranging from complete isolated medullary disease to apparent complete extramedullary disease. Hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral blood involvement are the most important discriminators, as both seen in 80% and 95% of the BCP-ALL patients and in 2% of the BCP-LBL patients, respectively. In addition, we show that the overall survival rates in this cohort differ significantly between BCP-LBL and BCP-ALL patients aged 1–18 years (p = 0.0080), and that the outcome for infants (0–1 years) with BCP-LBL is significantly decreased compared to BCP-LBL patients of all other pediatric ages (p < 0.0001). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children)
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Review

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26 pages, 442 KiB  
Review
Management of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Population: An Adult vs. Pediatric Perspective
by Irtiza N. Sheikh, Amr Elgehiny, Dristhi Ragoonanan, Kris M. Mahadeo, Yago Nieto and Sajad Khazal
Cancers 2022, 14(12), 2912; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14122912 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a broad entity which comprises a number of different types of lymphomatous malignancies. In the pediatric and adolescent population, the type and prognosis of NHL varies by age and gender. In comparison to adults, pediatric and adolescent patients generally [...] Read more.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a broad entity which comprises a number of different types of lymphomatous malignancies. In the pediatric and adolescent population, the type and prognosis of NHL varies by age and gender. In comparison to adults, pediatric and adolescent patients generally have better outcomes following treatment for primary NHL. However, relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease is associated with poorer outcomes in many types of NHL such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Newer therapies have been approved in the use of primary NHL in the pediatric and adolescent population such as Rituximab and other therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy are under investigation for the treatment of R/R NHL. In this review, we feature the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatments of the most common NHLs in the pediatric and adolescent population and also highlight the differences that exist between pediatric and adult disease. We then detail the areas of treatment advances such as immunotherapy with CAR T-cells, brentuximab vedotin, and blinatumomab as well as cell cycle inhibitors and describe areas where further research is needed. The aim of this review is to juxtapose established research regarding pediatric and adolescent NHL with recent advancements as well as highlight treatment gaps where more investigation is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children)
23 pages, 1625 KiB  
Review
Consensus Recommendations for the Clinical Management of Hematological Malignancies in Patients with DNA Double Stranded Break Disorders
by Agata Pastorczak, Andishe Attarbaschi, Simon Bomken, Arndt Borkhardt, Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch, Sarah Elitzur, Andrew R. Gennery, Eva Hlavackova, Arpád Kerekes, Zdenka Křenová, Wojciech Mlynarski, Tomasz Szczepanski, Tessa Wassenberg and Jan Loeffen
Cancers 2022, 14(8), 2000; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14082000 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4254
Abstract
Patients with double stranded DNA repair disorders (DNARDs) (Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) and Nijmegen Breakage syndrome (NBS)) are at a very high risk for developing hematological malignancies in the first two decades of life. The most common neoplasms are T-cell lymphoblastic malignancies (T-cell ALL [...] Read more.
Patients with double stranded DNA repair disorders (DNARDs) (Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) and Nijmegen Breakage syndrome (NBS)) are at a very high risk for developing hematological malignancies in the first two decades of life. The most common neoplasms are T-cell lymphoblastic malignancies (T-cell ALL and T-cell LBL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Treatment of these patients is challenging due to severe complications of the repair disorder itself (e.g., congenital defects, progressive movement disorders, immunological disturbances and progressive lung disease) and excessive toxicity resulting from chemotherapeutic treatment. Frequent complications during treatment for malignancies are deterioration of pre-existing lung disease, neurological complications, severe mucositis, life threating infections and feeding difficulties leading to significant malnutrition. These complications make modifications to commonly used treatment protocols necessary in almost all patients. Considering the rarity of DNARDs it is difficult for individual physicians to obtain sufficient experience in treating these vulnerable patients. Therefore, a team of experts assembled all available knowledge and translated this information into best available evidence-based treatment recommendations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children)
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26 pages, 1958 KiB  
Review
The New Treatment Methods for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Pediatric Patients
by Justyna Derebas, Kinga Panuciak, Mikołaj Margas, Joanna Zawitkowska and Monika Lejman
Cancers 2022, 14(6), 1569; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cancers14061569 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4130
Abstract
One of the most common cancer malignancies is non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whose incidence is nearly 3% of all 36 cancers combined. It is the fourth highest cancer occurrence in children and accounts for 7% of cancers in patients under 20 years of age. Today, [...] Read more.
One of the most common cancer malignancies is non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whose incidence is nearly 3% of all 36 cancers combined. It is the fourth highest cancer occurrence in children and accounts for 7% of cancers in patients under 20 years of age. Today, the survivability of individuals diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma varies by about 70%. Chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy have been the main methods of treatment, which have improved outcomes for many oncological patients. However, there is still the need for creation of novel medications for those who are treatment resistant. Additionally, more effective drugs are necessary. This review gathers the latest findings on non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment options for pediatric patients. Attention will be focused on the most prominent therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and others. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children)
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