Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical entity, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide.

With the need to identify thyroid cancer, different novel approaches, ranging from the radiological evolution of old tools (ultrasonography, radiological and nuclear medicine-based techniques) to novel molecular testing and biomarkers that are often based on NGS technique, have been developed and introduced in clinical practice. Furthermore, new pathological and clinical classifications have been proposed to take into account tumor behavior, specific features and risk of recurrence. Even if, in most cases, the initial treatment is curative, a certain number of patients experience local or distant recurrence and require further medical or surgical treatment.

In this scenario, personalized-based medicine in the treatment of advanced iodine-refractory thyroid carcinoma is a rapidly evolving field of personalized-based medicine with novel mutation-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have been recently approved and made available in clinical practice.

However, many issues remain a matter of debate, regarding, for example, the indication on how and when to start systemic therapy, which drug to use initially or in the follow-up, how to prevent and handle adverse effects and how to combine systemic treatment with local-based therapeutic procedures.

This Special Issue of Cancers aims to present the latest research on thyroid cancer. This Special Issue will highlight current research efforts and clinical studies to understand the complex variety of human thyroid carcinoma, from the almost clinically irrelevant microcarcinoma to the aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer, in basic, as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Prof. Domenico Salvatore
Prof. Martin Schlumberger
Guest Editors

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• thyroid cancer
• tyrosine kinase inhibitors
• DTC
• ANA