Dear Colleagues,

In physiological conditions, cell energy homeostasis is tightly controlled by the contribution of different metabolic tissues. Among them, a crucial role is played by peripheral tissues with a high metabolic rate such as liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, but also by the central nervous system that has high energy demands to perform its numerous functions. Energy homeostasis is maintained in response to energy challenges such as diet, exercise or body weight changes. The decline in cellular energy processes is observed in physiological aging and in noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and neurodegenerative diseases characterized by low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of altered energy transduction in physiological and pathological conditions may give an essential contribution in diagnosis and therapy of different pathologies. From this point of view, a crucial role is played by mitochondria that provide ATP for the cells but are also involved in several metabolic pathways, apoptosis, and programmed cell death, as well as in the synthesis of key molecules related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, it is no surprise that mitochondrial dysfunctions are part of the wide spectrum of metabolic changes induced by low-grade inflammation and other energy-dependent disturbances. It is important to underline that mitochondria are dynamic organelles that support metabolic adaptations to several cell energy demands. These mitochondrial responses might be either protective or become progressively detrimental. This Special Issue of Cells is dedicated to illustrating all the cellular and molecular events controlling energy homeostasis in different tissues and organs in response to energy challenges such as diet, exercise, body weight changes and aging process, but also underlying the decline in energy processes associated to non-communicable diseases. This Special Issue welcomes studies that approach some of these aspects in the attempt to deepen the knowledge related to the cellular energy processes in physiological and pathological conditions.

We are looking forward to your contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Maria Pina Mollica
Prof. Marianna Crispino
Guest Editors

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• energy homeostasis
• energy transduction
• mitochondria
• neurogenerative diseases
• aging
• non-communicable diseases
• inflammation
• oxidative stress