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Cells
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The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Tumor
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The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Tumor

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Nuclei: Function, Transport and Receptors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2022) | Viewed by 5614

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Soichiro Yamamura

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Guest Editor
Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Interests: non-coding RNA; cancer; gene expression; cell signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Next-generation RNA sequencing of whole genomes and transcriptomes has revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute most of the transcriptome.

Two classes of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been extensively studied and shown to regulate gene expression and thus control cellular processes such as cell proliferation, motility, and apoptosis. In addition, aberrant expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs has been found in cancer cells and shown to play pivotal roles in cancer. miRNAs bind mainly to the 3’UTR region of target mRNA and suppress target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, while lncRNAs regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms such as chromatin, protein, and mRNA interactions.

Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs and lncRNAs interact and regulate each other through biding sites. This interaction has also been shown to regulate gene expression and tumorigenesis. In competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, lncRNAs sponge miRNAs, suppressing their regulatory effects on mRNAs.

Other ncRNA species, such as small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and vault RNAs (vtRNAs), have also been implicated in regulating gene expression.

This Special Issue aims to cover recent advances in ncRNA cancer studies, such as functions, mechanism of action, mode of interaction, and clinical studies. We invite contributions in the form of original research articles and reviews.

Prof. Dr. Soichiro Yamamura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-coding RNA
  • cancer
  • gene expression
  • biomarker

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 1861 KiB  
Review
The Autophagy Process in Cervical Carcinogenesis: Role of Non-Coding-RNAs, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets
by Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez, Vicente Madrid-Marina, Claudia Gómez-Cerón, Jessica Deas and Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
Cells 2022, 11(8), 1323; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11081323 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2705
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved multistep lysosomal degradation process in which cellular components are localized to autophagosomes, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sequestered contents. Autophagy serves to maintain cellular homeostasis. There is a close relationship between autophagy and tumor progression, [...] Read more.
Autophagy is a highly conserved multistep lysosomal degradation process in which cellular components are localized to autophagosomes, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sequestered contents. Autophagy serves to maintain cellular homeostasis. There is a close relationship between autophagy and tumor progression, which provides opportunities for the development of anticancer therapeutics that target the autophagy pathway. In this review, we analyze the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) E5, E6, and E7 oncoproteins on autophagy processes in cervical cancer development. Inhibition of the expression or the activity of E5, E6, and E7 can induce autophagy in cells expressing HPV oncogenes. Thus, E5, E6, and E7 oncoproteins target autophagy during HPV-associated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiling in cervical cancer has allowed the identification of autophagy-related ncRNAs associated with HPV. Autophagy-related genes are essential drivers of autophagy and are regulated by ncRNAs. We review the existing evidence regarding the role of autophagy-related proteins, the function of HPV E5, E6, and E7 oncoproteins, and the effects of noncoding RNA on autophagy regulation in the setting of cervical carcinogenesis. By characterizing the mechanisms behind the dysregulation of these critical factors and their impact on host cell autophagy, we advance understanding of the relationship between autophagy and progression from HPV infection to cervical cancer, and highlight pathways that can be targeted in preventive and therapeutic strategies against cervical cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Tumor)
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17 pages, 562 KiB  
Review
Zooming in on Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ewing Sarcoma Pathogenesis
by Dave N. T. Aryee, Valerie Fock, Utkarsh Kapoor, Branka Radic-Sarikas and Heinrich Kovar
Cells 2022, 11(8), 1267; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11081267 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2451
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue that is mainly characterized by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation. As a result, about 90% of cases express the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein that has been shown to function as an aberrant [...] Read more.
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue that is mainly characterized by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation. As a result, about 90% of cases express the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein that has been shown to function as an aberrant transcription factor driving sarcomagenesis. ES is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. Current treatment modalities include dose-intensified chemo- and radiotherapy, as well as surgery. Despite these strategies, patients who present with metastasis or relapse still have dismal prognosis, warranting a better understanding of treatment resistant-disease biology in order to generate better prognostic and therapeutic tools. Since the genomes of ES tumors are relatively quiet and stable, exploring the contributions of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of the disease becomes inevitable. The search for novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of cancer metastasis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance is increasingly focusing on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Recent advances in genome analysis by high throughput sequencing have immensely expanded and advanced our knowledge of lncRNAs. They are non-protein coding RNA species with multiple biological functions that have been shown to be dysregulated in many diseases and are emerging as crucial players in cancer development. Understanding the various roles of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis would determine eclectic avenues to establish therapeutic and diagnostic targets. In ES, some lncRNAs have been implicated in cell proliferation, migration and invasion, features that make them suitable as relevant biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we comprehensively discuss known lncRNAs implicated in ES that could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of the disease. Though some current reviews have discussed non-coding RNAs in ES, to our knowledge, this is the first review focusing exclusively on ES-associated lncRNAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Tumor)
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