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Ceramics
Special Issues
Advanced Structural Ceramics II
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Advanced Structural Ceramics II

A special issue of Ceramics (ISSN 2571-6131).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 13552

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Frank Kern

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites (IFKB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Interests: advanced oxide based structural ceramics; zirconia materials; ceramics processing; conventional and additive and manufacturing technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andraz Kocjan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nanostructured Materials, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: engineering and bioceramics; dental zirconia; nancellulose-fibre-ceramic composites; additive manufacturing
Dr. Ángela Gallardo-López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle San Fernando, 4, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: structural ceramics (zirconia, alumina) and ceramic composites with 1D and 2D-fillers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, advanced structural ceramics have become essential commodities in many engineering (sub) disciplines, e.g., mechanical, automotive, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. This is the result of more than 40 years of research and development that has led to continuous improvement of the family of high-performance ceramic materials, including alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, etc., and composite ceramics containing metal or carbon nanofillers. Traditionally, the main focus has been on improving the mechanical and tribological properties to create and manufacture reliable ceramic components operating under harsh conditions, such as chemically aggressive, high-temperature and/or high load/stress bearing environments. At present, newer generations of advanced structural ceramics also featuring functional properties are attracting increasing attention, since these functional properties may be highly relevant for processing or final applications.

This Special Issue aims at collecting recent advances in structural ceramic materials from two main perspectives. The first one is the advanced materials engineering point of view, which focuses on the design, development and characterization of new structural ceramic materials. The second, but equally important one, is focused on the ceramic processing “value-chain” encompassing powder technology, dispersion, compounding, forming and shaping, drying or de-binding, sintering and machining.

We would like to encourage scientists from both fields to contribute with short communications, full articles, and reviews to this Special Issue. The topics to be addressed are, e.g.:

  • Development of new structural ceramic materials such as:
    • Oxides (alumina, zirconia, etc.);
    • Non-oxides (silicon carbide, silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, etc.);
    • Composites with oxide or non-oxide matrix and micro- or nanoscale dispersions (metals, hard phases, graphene, carbon nanotubes).
  • Characterization (microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties at ambient and high temperature, fracture mechanics).
  • Processing of ceramics:
    • Powder technology;
    • Dispersion and rheology;
    • Compounding of feedstocks;
    • Shaping of components (conventional and additive);
    • Sintering (conventional, pressure assisted, SPS, flash);
    • Machining (green machining, final machining, non-conventional machining).
  • Applications of structural ceramic materials.

Prof. Dr. Frank Kern
Dr. Andraz Kocjan
Dr. Ángela Gallardo-López
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Ceramics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Oxide ceramics
  • Non-oxide ceramics
  • Composite ceramics
  • Microstructure
  • Mechanical properties
  • Tribological properties
  • Ceramics manufacturing
  • Powder processing
  • Sintering
  • Machining
  • Shaping

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1113 KiB  
Article
4-Unit Molar Fixed Partial Dentures Made from Highly Translucent and Multilayer Zirconia Materials: An In Vitro Investigation
by Thomas Strasser, Alois Schmid, Christina Huber and Martin Rosentritt
Ceramics 2022, 5(1), 99-107; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics5010009 - 08 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3158
Abstract
Background: Modern zirconia blanks for the fabrication of dental CAD/CAM restorations provide a layer structure with color and strength transitions. Variation in the yttria content has a particular effect on the characteristics of the materials. The properties of dental restorations may vary depending [...] Read more.
Background: Modern zirconia blanks for the fabrication of dental CAD/CAM restorations provide a layer structure with color and strength transitions. Variation in the yttria content has a particular effect on the characteristics of the materials. The properties of dental restorations may vary depending on the milling position within the blank. Especially for wide-span fixed partial dentures (FPDs), relevant effects on clinical performance might result. This study investigated if the application of high-translucent zirconia and positioning within multilayer zirconia blanks affect the in vitro performance of 4-unit FPDs. Methods: 4-unit FPDs were fabricated from monolayer 3Y-TZP-A, 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP, 5Y-TZP, 4Y/5Y-TZP, and different positions within multilayer zirconia blanks (3Y-TZP/5Y-TZP). The FPDs were adhesively luted to resin abutment teeth, divided into groups (n = 8 each): “baseline” (24 h water-storage)/“TCML” (chewing simulation by means of thermalcycling and mechanical loading), and loaded to fracture. The statistics included mean and standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). Results: The mean fracture force values varied between 803.8 ± 171.7 N (5Y) and 1474.1 ± 193.0 N (3Y) (baseline) and 713.5 ± 190.9 N (5Y) and 1337.4 ± 205.6 N (3Y) (TCML). Significantly different (p = 0.000) results between the groups and individual significant differences (p ≤ 0.039) were found. Conclusions: Positioning within multilayer blanks affected the fracture force only slightly. Multilayer, 3Y-TZP-A, 3Y-TZP, and 4Y-TZP seem appropriate for the clinical application with 4-unit molar FPDs. Application of 5Y-TZP is critical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structural Ceramics II)
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12 pages, 4957 KiB  
Article
Reactive Sintering of Al2O3–Y3Al5O12 Ceramic Composites Obtained by Direct Ink Writing
by Joana Baltazar, Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais Alves, Claudinei dos Santos and Susana Olhero
Ceramics 2022, 5(1), 1-12; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics5010001 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3025
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to obtain dense Al2O3–Y3Al5O12 ceramic composites by reactive sintering of three-dimensional samples, built by direct ink writing from a paste containing a mixture of Al2O [...] Read more.
The main goal of this work was to obtain dense Al2O3–Y3Al5O12 ceramic composites by reactive sintering of three-dimensional samples, built by direct ink writing from a paste containing a mixture of Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. To obtain a ceramic ink with proper rheological properties for extrusion-based printing, highly pure Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders in a percentage–weight ratio of 64:36 was mixed with 0.2 wt% MgO in a total solid loading of 42 vol% in aqueous media, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethyleneimine solution as additives. The dried printed samples were sintered at final temperatures in the range of 1550 °C and 1650 °C; thus, relative densities of 83.7 ± 0.8%, 95.4 ± 0.4%, and 96.5 ± 0.5% were obtained for 1550 °C, 1600 °C, and 1650 °C, respectively. Rietveld refinement performed on the X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the presence of Al2O3 (42 to 47%) and Y3Al15O12 (58 to 61%) as crystalline phases, while micrographs showed the presence of equiaxial micrometric grains with average sizes of 1.8 ± 0.6 μm, for both phases and all sintering conditions. Samples sintered at 1600 °C and 1650 °C presented similar average Vickers hardness values of 14.2 ± 0.27 GPa and 14.5 ± 0.25 GPa, respectively. A slight increase in fracture toughness as sintering temperature increases was also stated, consistent with the densification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structural Ceramics II)
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13 pages, 2947 KiB  
Article
Electrical Discharge Machinable Ytterbia Samaria Co-Stabilized Zirconia Tungsten Carbide Composites
by Maximilian Rapp, Andrea Gommeringer and Frank Kern
Ceramics 2021, 4(3), 408-420; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics4030030 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2953
Abstract
Composite ceramics of stabilizer oxide coated ytterbia-samaria costabilized zirconia (1.5Yb1.5Sm-TZP) and 24–32 vol% of tungsten carbide as an electrically conductive dispersion were manufactured by hot pressing at 1300–1400 °C for 2 h at 60 MPa pressure. The materials were characterized with respect to [...] Read more.
Composite ceramics of stabilizer oxide coated ytterbia-samaria costabilized zirconia (1.5Yb1.5Sm-TZP) and 24–32 vol% of tungsten carbide as an electrically conductive dispersion were manufactured by hot pressing at 1300–1400 °C for 2 h at 60 MPa pressure. The materials were characterized with respect to microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties and electrical discharge machinability by die sinking. Materials with a nanocomposite microstructure and a strength of up to 1700 MPa were obtained. An attractive toughness of 6–6.5 MPa√m is achieved as 40–50% of the zirconia transformed upon fracture. The materials show fair material removal rates of 1 mm³/min in die sinking. Smooth surfaces indicate a material removal mechanism dominated by melting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structural Ceramics II)
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33 pages, 15060 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Impact of Graphite on the Kinetics of SPS in Nano- and Submicron WC-10%Co Powder Compositions
by Eugeniy Lantcev, Aleksey Nokhrin, Nataliya Malekhonova, Maksim Boldin, Vladimir Chuvil’deev, Yuriy Blagoveshchenskiy, Nataliya Isaeva, Pavel Andreev, Kseniya Smetanina and Artem Murashov
Ceramics 2021, 4(2), 331-363; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ceramics4020025 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3107
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of carbon on the kinetics of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of nano- and submicron powders WC-10 wt.%Co. Carbon, in the form of graphite, was introduced into powders by mixing. The activation energy of solid-phase sintering was determined [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of carbon on the kinetics of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of nano- and submicron powders WC-10 wt.%Co. Carbon, in the form of graphite, was introduced into powders by mixing. The activation energy of solid-phase sintering was determined for the conditions of isothermal and continuous heating. It has been demonstrated that increasing the carbon content leads to a decrease in the fraction of η-phase particles and a shift of the shrinkage curve towards lower heating temperatures. It has been established that increasing the graphite content in nano- and submicron powders has no significant effect on the SPS activation energy for “mid-range” heating temperatures, QS(I). The value of QS(I) is close to the activation energy of grain-boundary diffusion in cobalt. It has been demonstrated that increasing the content of graphite leads to a significant decrease in the SPS activation energy, QS(II), for “higher-range” heating temperatures due to lower concentration of tungsten atoms in cobalt-based γ-phase. It has been established that the sintering kinetics of fine-grained WC-Co hard alloys is limited by the intensity of diffusion creep of cobalt (Coble creep). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Structural Ceramics II)
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