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Chemosensors
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Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring
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Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrochemical Devices and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 22147

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Khiena Z. Brainina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sensors Technology Center, Ural State University of Economics, 62/45, 8 Marta/Narodnoi Voli St., 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: electrochemical sensors; stripping voltammetry; environmental monitoring; nanostructured materials electrochemical characterization; oxidative stress and antioxidant activity investigations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress (OS) — an imbalance between reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species generation and antioxidant defense system activity—is observed to a greater or lesser extent in all pathological conditions. The universality of oxidative stress (OS) mechanisms in living organisms make measuring and monitoring such stress an important task for health and well-being assessment, purposes of medical diagnostics, food and plant safety and quality control. The occurrence of OS is determined by the electron-donor-acceptor properties of the biological system, i.e., OS has an electrochemical nature. Electrochemical methods are based on oxidation-reduction reactions occurring on the surface of the electrode or in the volume of the solution, the results of which are recorded electrochemically and are applicable for the investigation of food, plants, and extracts from them, blood plasma/serum, semen, saliva, and skin, among other biologic samples. There is a special interest in the assessment of antioxidant defense properties of biological objects due to the key role of antioxidants in limitation of OS or its exacerbation in the case of antioxidant defense exhaust. Antioxidant and oxidant properties of biological objects and samples are determined by the complex interplay processes of a large number of compounds both natural and industrial origin with different properties and concentrations, and the integral assessment of these phenomena seems more appropriate than the measurement of separate substances. One of the integral correct diagnostic indicators of the balance in the system of antioxidants/pro-oxidants and OS as a whole, is antioxidant activity (AOA). We can see a growing interest in electrochemical methods for the evaluation of individual antioxidants and integrated antioxidant activity (AOA) value, which is because electrochemical methods, which fully correspond to the nature of the OS, are characterized by sensitivity, simplicity of the analytical procedure, low cost of equipment and reagents, and ease of automation of measurements.

Chemical (biochemical) sensors are developed for applications as detectors of different biological markers. Unfortunately, this does not apply to antioxidants. The ability of sensors for up-to-date, timely receipt of correct information about the interactions of short-lived ROS and NOS with an antioxidant defense system, as well as the wide range of sensors application for assessment of antioxidants sources seems to be the advantage and a boost for the development of sensor-based electrochemical methods for antioxidant/oxidant activity monitoring today and in near future.

Consideration of the interplay between antioxidants and OS has been the subject of a large number of publications. Numerous Special issues are planned for 2020, but the problems of AO monitoring are considered insufficiently. Research and development of new approaches, electrochemical methods, and sensors, which this Special Issue is dedicated to, will contribute to filling the existing gap between the demand and possibilities to meet these needs.

Scope:

  • Variants: invasive and noninvasive antioxidant/oxidant sensors.
  • Formats: on-site, in situ measurement, data transmission to remote clinic or/and smartphone

Application in:

  • Medicine: tele-, sport-, home diagnostic
  • Food, plants, nutrients, pharmaceut
  • Cosmetics

Prof. Dr. Khiena Z. Brainina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Invasive and noninvasive antioxidant/oxidant sensors
  • Electrochemical sensors
  • Antioxidant activity
  • Quasi-reference electrode
  • Oxidant activity

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1071 KiB  
Communication
Core-Shell Iron-Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanoparticle-Based Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity
by Darya V. Vokhmyanina, Elizaveta V. Shcherbacheva, Elena V. Daboss, Elena E. Karyakina and Arkady A. Karyakin
Chemosensors 2021, 9(12), 344; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9120344 - 06 Dec 2021
Viewed by 2119
Abstract
To access hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, we propose a sensor based on core-shell iron-nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles. On the one hand, the sensor preparation procedure is simple: syringing the nanoparticles suspension with subsequent annealing. On the other hand, the sensor demonstrates a stable response [...] Read more.
To access hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, we propose a sensor based on core-shell iron-nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles. On the one hand, the sensor preparation procedure is simple: syringing the nanoparticles suspension with subsequent annealing. On the other hand, the sensor demonstrates a stable response to 0.05 mM of H2O2 within one hour, which is sufficient for the evaluation of antioxidant activity (AO). The analytical performance characteristics of the sensor (0.5–0.6 A M−1 cm−2, detection limit 1.5 × 10−7 M and linear dynamic range 1–1000 µM) are leads to advantages over the sensor based on Prussian Blue films. The pseudo-first-order constant of hydrogen peroxide scavenging was chosen as a characteristic value of AO. The latter for trolox (standard antioxidant) was found to be linearly dependent on its concentration, thus allowing for the evaluation of antioxidant activity in trolox equivalents. The approach was validated by analyzing real beverage samples. Both the simplicity of sensor preparation and an expressiveness of analytical procedure would obviously provide a wide use of the proposed approach in the evaluation of antioxidant activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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15 pages, 7698 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties of Some Examples of Flavonoids and Coumarins—Potentiometric Studies
by Elena Gerasimova, Elena Gazizullina, Ekaterina Radosteva and Alla Ivanova
Chemosensors 2021, 9(5), 112; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9050112 - 18 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2267
Abstract
A comprehensive study of a range of flavonoids and coumarins is presented in this article. The work uses an approach that evaluates the activity of these compounds by various mechanisms: the electron transfer (ET), the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and the mechanism of [...] Read more.
A comprehensive study of a range of flavonoids and coumarins is presented in this article. The work uses an approach that evaluates the activity of these compounds by various mechanisms: the electron transfer (ET), the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and the mechanism of metal chelation. The studies were carried out using the methods of the cyclic voltammetry and the potentiometry. The electrochemical behavior of these compounds was studied by the method of cyclic voltammetry; the main types of voltammograms, depending on the oxidation mechanisms, were identified. Various versions of potentiometric sensor systems have been used to detect analytical signal in approaches implemented in ET, HAT and metal chelation mechanisms. The antioxidant capacity was studied by the electron-transfer mechanism. Compounds with antioxidant properties were selected; half-reaction periods for these compounds have been determined. It has been shown that electron-donating and complexing properties directly depend on the mutual arrangement of hydroxyl groups in the molecule. The antiradical ability of the compounds has been studied. It was shown that all studied compounds inhibit peroxyl radicals. Series on the change in antioxidant and antiradical properties of compounds have been compiled. There is no correlation between the results of the study of antioxidant properties obtained using sensory systems that reveal various antioxidant mechanisms. The need to use an integrated approach in the study of antioxidant properties is shown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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12 pages, 2313 KiB  
Article
Voltammetric Study of the Total Activity of Antioxidants in the Blood Serum of Patients with Neurological Diseases
by Olesya A. Voronova, Elena I. Korotkova, Evgenii V. Plotnikov, Alina V. Geraskevich, Nadegda G. Kataeva, Elena V. Dorozhko, Irina S. Gamayurova, Olga I. Lipskikh and Ksenia V. Derina
Chemosensors 2021, 9(5), 103; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9050103 - 07 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
One of the main directions in the development of modern electroanalytical chemistry is the development of new effective methods for research and analysis of biological objects, particularly, human blood serum. The creation of new electrochemical sensors is a promising approach, which has determined [...] Read more.
One of the main directions in the development of modern electroanalytical chemistry is the development of new effective methods for research and analysis of biological objects, particularly, human blood serum. The creation of new electrochemical sensors is a promising approach, which has determined several main directions in applied voltammetry in the field of chemical analytical control. In this work, the dynamics and parameters of total antioxidant activity of human serum blood of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, during treatment with pharmaceutical drugs Mexidol, Cavinton Comfort, and Cytoflavin was tested by cathode voltammetry with a model process of oxygen electroreduction, using a new electrochemical sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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14 pages, 1716 KiB  
Article
Flexible Potentiometric Sensor System for Non-Invasive Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Human Skin: Application for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Phytocosmetic Products
by Aleksey V. Tarasov, Ekaterina I. Khamzina, Maria A. Bukharinova and Natalia Yu. Stozhko
Chemosensors 2021, 9(4), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9040076 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2670
Abstract
In contemporary bioanalysis, monitoring the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the human skin is used to assess stresses, nutrition, cosmetics, and certain skin diseases. Non-invasive methods for skin AOA monitoring have certain advantages over invasive methods, namely cost-effectiveness, lower labor intensity, reduced risk of [...] Read more.
In contemporary bioanalysis, monitoring the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the human skin is used to assess stresses, nutrition, cosmetics, and certain skin diseases. Non-invasive methods for skin AOA monitoring have certain advantages over invasive methods, namely cost-effectiveness, lower labor intensity, reduced risk of infection, and obtaining results in the real-time mode. This study presents a new flexible potentiometric sensor system (FPSS) for non-invasive determination of the human skin AOA, which is based on flexible film electrodes (FFEs) and membrane containing a mediator ([Fe(CN)6]3–/4–). Low-cost available materials and scalable technologies were used for FFEs manufacturing. The indicator FFE was fabricated based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and carbon veil (CV) by single-sided hot lamination. The reference FFE was fabricated based on PET film and silver paint by using screen printing, which was followed by the electrodeposition of precipitate containing a mixture of silver chloride and silver ferricyanide (SCSF). The three-electrode configuration of the FPSS, including two indicator FFEs (CV/PET) and one reference FFE (SCSF/Ag/PET), has been successfully used for measuring the skin AOA and evaluating the impact of phytocosmetic products. FPSS provides reproducible (RSD ≤ 7%) and accurate (recovery of antioxidants is almost 100%) results, which allows forecasting its broad applicability in human skin AOA monitoring as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of topically and orally applied antioxidants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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Review

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18 pages, 747 KiB  
Review
Analytical Capabilities of Coulometric Sensor Systems in the Antioxidants Analysis
by Guzel Ziyatdinova and Herman Budnikov
Chemosensors 2021, 9(5), 91; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9050091 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3306
Abstract
The definition of antioxidants (AOs), their classification and properties as well as electrochemical sensor systems for AOs analysis are briefly discussed. The analytical capabilities of coulometric titration with electrogenerated titrants as sensor systems for AOs determination have been considered in detail. The attention [...] Read more.
The definition of antioxidants (AOs), their classification and properties as well as electrochemical sensor systems for AOs analysis are briefly discussed. The analytical capabilities of coulometric titration with electrogenerated titrants as sensor systems for AOs determination have been considered in detail. The attention focused on the individual AO quantification that was mainly used in the pharmaceutical analysis and estimation of total antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing power (FRP) and ceric reducing/antioxidant capacity (CRAC)) allowing the fast screening of the target samples including their quality control. The main advantages of coulometric sensor systems are pointed out. The selective quantification of individual AO in a complex matrix using a combination of chromatography with coulometric or coulometric array detection under potentiostatic mode is discussed. The future development of coulometric sensor systems for AOs analysis is focused on the application of novel coulometric titrants and the application of coulometric detection in flow injection analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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46 pages, 1425 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant Determination with the Use of Carbon-Based Electrodes
by Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi, Aneta Pop, Florin Iordache, Loredana Stanca, Liviu Bilteanu and Andreea Iren Serban
Chemosensors 2021, 9(4), 72; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9040072 - 01 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3818
Abstract
Antioxidants are compounds that prevent or delay the oxidation process, acting at a much smaller concentration, in comparison to that of the preserved substrate. Primary antioxidants act as scavenging or chain breaking antioxidants, delaying initiation or interrupting propagation step. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet [...] Read more.
Antioxidants are compounds that prevent or delay the oxidation process, acting at a much smaller concentration, in comparison to that of the preserved substrate. Primary antioxidants act as scavenging or chain breaking antioxidants, delaying initiation or interrupting propagation step. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides in non-radical species, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Based on antioxidants’ reactivity, four lines of defense have been described: Preventative antioxidants, radical scavengers, repair antioxidants, and antioxidants relying on adaptation mechanisms. Carbon-based electrodes are largely employed in electroanalysis given their special features, that encompass large surface area, high electroconductivity, chemical stability, nanostructuring possibilities, facility of manufacturing at low cost, and easiness of surface modification. Largely employed methods encompass voltammetry, amperometry, biamperometry and potentiometry. Determination of key endogenous and exogenous individual antioxidants, as well as of antioxidant activity and its main contributors relied on unmodified or modified carbon electrodes, whose analytical parameters are detailed. Recent advances based on modifications with carbon-nanotubes or the use of hybrid nanocomposite materials are described. Large effective surface area, increased mass transport, electrocatalytical effects, improved sensitivity, and low detection limits in the nanomolar range were reported, with applications validated in complex media such as foodstuffs and biological samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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14 pages, 2837 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical Hybrid Methods and Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring and Their Use as a Diagnostic Tool of Oxidative Stress: Future Perspectives and Challenges
by Khiena Z. Brainina and Yan E. Kazakov
Chemosensors 2020, 8(4), 90; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors8040090 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2308
Abstract
The terminology used in electrochemical methods which are used to generate the measured signal in antioxidant/oxidant activity (AOA/OA) sensors is briefly considered. The review presents a hybrid version of electrochemical methods for the determination of AOA/OA. Invasive electrochemical methods/sensors for AOA/OA of blood/serum/plasma, [...] Read more.
The terminology used in electrochemical methods which are used to generate the measured signal in antioxidant/oxidant activity (AOA/OA) sensors is briefly considered. The review presents a hybrid version of electrochemical methods for the determination of AOA/OA. Invasive electrochemical methods/sensors for AOA/OA of blood/serum/plasma, and non-invasive ones for semen, sweat, saliva and skin determination are described. AOA/OA sensors application in health estimation, cosmetology, food and nutrients is presented. Attention is paid to widely described approaches and technologies used in chemical/biochemical sensors. It will be considered as base/prototypes for developing sensors of the kind for AOA/OA determination. Prospects for the development of wearable, written sensors and biosensors are considered. Miniature and wireless sensors will allow for the monitoring of the patient’s state, both at the bedside and far beyond the hospital. The development of wearable self-powered written and printed sensors is an important step towards personalized medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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Other

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11 pages, 1564 KiB  
Perspective
Oxidative Free Radicals and Other Species: Selective Messengers with a Reactive Capacity for Unselective Tissue Damage
by Pankaj Vadgama
Chemosensors 2021, 9(5), 89; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemosensors9050089 - 24 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
Oxygen and nitrogen free radicals (RONS) form an exceptionally reactive molecular assembly within eukaryote cells. This perspective article gives a combined overview of different facets of research covering molecular reactivity, resultant tissue damage and final tissue outcomes as they relate to major disease. [...] Read more.
Oxygen and nitrogen free radicals (RONS) form an exceptionally reactive molecular assembly within eukaryote cells. This perspective article gives a combined overview of different facets of research covering molecular reactivity, resultant tissue damage and final tissue outcomes as they relate to major disease. There is an emphasis on cardiovascular disease, as the damage processes are best liked to the pathology. The overriding importance of inflammation in driving damage across all tissues is highlighted. Brief coverage is also provided of measurement approaches, respectively for antioxidant status, using potentiometry, and voltammetry for selected target species. Whilst damage due to RONS is a common focus, the fundamental importance of RONS to biological signalling is also covered here as an indispensable basis for life. The article thus provides a global overview of this topic for anyone wishing to understand the current status across multiple fronts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Sensors for Antioxidant/Oxidant Activity Monitoring)
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