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Children
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Pediatric Neuro-Oncology
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Pediatric Neuro-Oncology

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology and Hematology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 6443

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stergios Zacharoulis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
New York Presbyterian Columbia, New York, NY 10065, USA
Interests: Novel therapies for pediatric brain tumors; drug delivery; convection enhanced delivery and focused ultrasound for childhood brain tumors; precision therapy and biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great pleasure to introduce this special issue on pediatric neuro-oncology. Brain tumors represent the second most common malignancy in children after leukemia and the most common cause of death due to cancer. Over the past decade, there have been significant developments in understanding the biology of these tumors reflected by the WHO 2016 re-classification. Novel methodologies evaluating the genetic and epigenetic changes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors have resulted in the identification of potential molecular targets as well as better prognostication. Biological modifiers are already being tested on upfront therapeutic strategies in low grade gliomas. There is a large gap remaining, however, in the translation of this rapidly evolving progress of molecular understanding into improvement of outcome in highly malignant pediatric brain tumors. Novel radiation techniques are expected to minimize long-term side effects. Innovative approaches including immunotherapy and drug delivery technologies such as convection enhanced delivery and focused ultrasound are being investigated and hold promise in changing the treatment paradigm in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology. In this exciting issue, all this progress will be presented.

Dr. Stergios Zacharoulis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Pediatric brain tumors
  • Childhood brain cancer
  • Ependymoma glioma medulloblastoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
  • Cell-free DNA
  • Convection enhanced delivery
  • CAR-T cells
  • Immunotherapy
  • Precision therapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 2402 KiB  
Review
Pediatric and Adult Low-Grade Gliomas: Where Do the Differences Lie?
by Ladina Greuter, Raphael Guzman and Jehuda Soleman
Children 2021, 8(11), 1075; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8111075 - 22 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3557
Abstract
Two thirds of pediatric gliomas are classified as low-grade (LGG), while in adults only around 20% of gliomas are low-grade. However, these tumors do not only differ in their incidence but also in their location, behavior and, subsequently, treatment. Pediatric LGG constitute 65% [...] Read more.
Two thirds of pediatric gliomas are classified as low-grade (LGG), while in adults only around 20% of gliomas are low-grade. However, these tumors do not only differ in their incidence but also in their location, behavior and, subsequently, treatment. Pediatric LGG constitute 65% of pilocytic astrocytomas, while in adults the most commonly found histology is diffuse low-grade glioma (WHO II), which mostly occurs in eloquent regions of the brain, while its pediatric counterpart is frequently found in the infratentorial compartment. The different tumor locations require different skillsets from neurosurgeons. In adult LGG, a common practice is awake surgery, which is rarely performed on children. On the other hand, pediatric neurosurgeons are more commonly confronted with infratentorial tumors causing hydrocephalus, which more often require endoscopic or shunt procedures to restore the cerebrospinal fluid flow. In adult and pediatric LGG surgery, gross total excision is the primary treatment strategy. Only tumor recurrences or progression warrant adjuvant therapy with either chemo- or radiotherapy. In pediatric LGG, MEK inhibitors have shown promising initial results in treating recurrent LGG and several ongoing trials are investigating their role and safety. Moreover, predisposition syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis complex, can increase the risk of developing LGG in children, while in adults, usually no tumor growth in these syndromes is observed. In this review, we discuss and compare the differences between pediatric and adult LGG, emphasizing that pediatric LGG should not be approached and managed in the same way as adult LCG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Neuro-Oncology)
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6 pages, 3290 KiB  
Case Report
Germline Mutations Including the Rare Pathogenic Variant c.3206delC in the ATM Gene Cause Ataxia Teleangiectasia-Associated Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
by Jan R. Dörr, Anne Thorwarth, Agnieszka Mizia-Malarz, Josefine Radke, Anna Tietze, Pablo Hernáiz-Driever, Denise Horn, Alexander Gratopp, Angelika Eggert and Hedwig E. Deubzer
Children 2021, 8(6), 469; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8060469 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
We here report the case of a 2-year-old patient with a primary central nervous system lymphoma of B-cell origin. Due to their past medical history of repeated respiratory tract infections and the marked chemotherapy-associated toxicity and infectious comorbidity, we suspected that the patient [...] Read more.
We here report the case of a 2-year-old patient with a primary central nervous system lymphoma of B-cell origin. Due to their past medical history of repeated respiratory tract infections and the marked chemotherapy-associated toxicity and infectious comorbidity, we suspected that the patient also suffered from an inherited immune deficiency disorder. Despite the lack of classical pathognomonic symptoms for ataxia teleangiectasia and missing evidence for a cancer predisposition syndrome in the family, genetic testing identified biallelic germline mutations, including the rare pathogenic variant c.3206delC (p.Pro1069Leufs*2), in the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene. The case highlights the importance of searching for immune deficiency disorders associated with primary central nervous system lymphoma before treatment initiation and the urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies for cancer patients with underlying immunodeficiency syndromes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Neuro-Oncology)
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