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CivilEng
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Reclaimed Asphalt Materials for Pavement Layers
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Reclaimed Asphalt Materials for Pavement Layers

A special issue of CivilEng (ISSN 2673-4109). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Material Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 13475

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luis Picado-Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: pavement mechanics; asphalt mixtures; reclaimed asphalt pavement; recycled concrete aggregate; circular economy; pavement management systems; urban environment road safety; dynamic traffic management; connected and autonomous driving
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. José Neves

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CERIS, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: road and airfield infrastructure systems; pavement design and analysis; pavement materials; pavement construction and maintenance technologies; pavement management and performance; sustainability; safety; transportation geotechnics; testing and evaluation; quality management systems; intelligent transportation systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to contribute to more sustainable production systems in pavement construction with an emphasis on recycling and resource substitution by the appropriate use of reclaimed asphalt materials. The scope of this Special Issue comprises the application of these materials in bituminous mixtures, involving proper composition, rejuvenation, high performance, and application in other types of pavement layers (base and sub-base layers) and subgrade, as treated or untreated materials. Contributions may focus on individual resources or technologies in activity sectors at regional, national, or international levels by discussing relevant scientific and methodological issues. Authors are invited to discuss the practical, environmental, and economic aspects of their contribution.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Rejuvenation of asphalt binder properties;
  • Characterization and mechanical performance of bituminous mixtures with the use of recycled reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP);
  • Performance of bituminous mixtures with the use of RAP to address climatic changes issues;
  • Evaluation of aging of rejuvenated asphalt binders and mixtures;
  • The use of RAP for pavement granular layer substitution;
  • Life cycle assessment of asphalt pavements with the use of RAP.

As Guest Editors, we invite you to publish reference work for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Luis Picado-Santos
Prof. Dr. José Neves
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. CivilEng is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material
  • bituminous mixtures
  • rejuvenation
  • pavement untreated layers
  • climatic changes
  • life cycle assessment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 20986 KiB  
Article
Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Recycled Asphalt Pavements: Determining Cost of Recycled Materials for an Urban Highway Section
by Umair Hasan, Andrew Whyte, Hamad Al Jassmi and Aisha Hasan
CivilEng 2022, 3(2), 316-331; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng3020019 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3283
Abstract
Growing demand for road infrastructures and accompanying environmental footprint calls for the replacement of pavement materials with recycled options. The complexities in real-world usability are dependent upon project-specific characteristics and are affected by budgetary constraints of local governmental agencies, material applicability, and climatical [...] Read more.
Growing demand for road infrastructures and accompanying environmental footprint calls for the replacement of pavement materials with recycled options. The complexities in real-world usability are dependent upon project-specific characteristics and are affected by budgetary constraints of local governmental agencies, material applicability, and climatical conditions. This study conducts a comprehensive lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) of an urban highway section “E10” in the hot Middle Eastern climate of Abu Dhabi, where virgin asphalt usage is dominant, using actual cost data under multiple scenarios and recycled construction waste (RCW) usage across aggregate layers and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) across wearing, binder, and asphalt base courses. Blast furnace slag as partial cement replacement for road concrete works is also analysed. Impacts across all lifecycle stages from initial earthworks and construction to routine maintenance and operation were compared. Results found that cost of sustainable construction is lower. Cost reduction was highest for RAP and RCW usage, particularly when the usage was accumulated. The optimum cost scenario used 25% RCW in the sub-base, 80% RCW in the unbound base, 25% warm-mix asphalt (WMA) RAP in the asphalt base, 15% warm-mix RAP in the binder and wearing courses, and 65% slag for concrete roadworks and resulted in USD 2.6 million (15%) cost reduction over 30 years from 2015 to 2045. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reclaimed Asphalt Materials for Pavement Layers)
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21 pages, 6821 KiB  
Article
Lifecycle Analysis of Recycled Asphalt Pavements: Case Study Scenario Analyses of an Urban Highway Section
by Aisha Hasan, Umair Hasan, Andrew Whyte and Hamad Al Jassmi
CivilEng 2022, 3(2), 242-262; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng3020015 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3574
Abstract
Roads account for a major part of energy/resource consumption and emission of GHGs, such as CO2, PM, NOx, O3, etc., due to high demand for virgin materials, specifically in developing regions. The applicability of recycled materials, such [...] Read more.
Roads account for a major part of energy/resource consumption and emission of GHGs, such as CO2, PM, NOx, O3, etc., due to high demand for virgin materials, specifically in developing regions. The applicability of recycled materials, such as recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and other alternative approaches for, e.g., warm-mix asphalt (WMA), in developed countries is hindered by project-specific constraints and lack of empirical studies in these regions. Lifecycle assessment studies on the usage of these road options from actual projects in the developing countries can aid decision makers choose sustainable material approaches by providing case study examples as guidelines. To that end, this study analyses environmental in/out-flows for a traditional approach and multiple green approaches (RAP and WMA) for a major highway section in Abu Dhabi through a 30-year (2015–2045) lifecycle approach. Roadworks were modelled in SimaPro according to real-world conditions, and the expected burden mitigation in each stage is calculated. Benefits of using optimum RAP-based options and a virgin-material-based WMA case against the baseline virgin material case were also investigated. Results showed benefits of WMA as higher than replacing virgin asphalt with recycled asphalt (25% RAP asphalt base, 15% RAP binder and wearing courses). Land use (19%) and energy consumption (16%) showed the highest reduction, followed by ozone depletion (14%), ionizing radiation (11%), PM (8%), acidification (7%) and global warming potential (6%) across all pavement lifecycle stages and environmental indicators. Similar results were obtained for other scenarios with lesser degrees of reduction, which show the significance of replacing HMA with WMA for real-world projects, specifically in mega road projects in Abu Dhabi and the Middle East towards cutting the significant carbon footprint of asphalt pavements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reclaimed Asphalt Materials for Pavement Layers)
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12 pages, 1172 KiB  
Article
Restriction of RAP% in HMA Based on Aggregate Gradation and Binder Properties
by Bharath Gottumukkala, Sudhakar Reddy Kusam, Vivek Tandon, Amaranatha Reddy Muppireddy and Ramya Sri Mullapudi
CivilEng 2021, 2(3), 811-822; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng2030044 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3012
Abstract
The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in pavement construction reduces the project cost and helps in conserving the naturally occurring aggregates. To incorporate RAP in hot mix asphalt, it is vital to know the amount and quality of the reclaimed binder. Three [...] Read more.
The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in pavement construction reduces the project cost and helps in conserving the naturally occurring aggregates. To incorporate RAP in hot mix asphalt, it is vital to know the amount and quality of the reclaimed binder. Three new asphalt binders were selected for this investigation. RAP material from one source was blended in different proportions with VG-10 and VG-30. Penetration, softening point, G */sin δ, G * sin δ and binder fatigue life Nf (from Linear Amplitude Sweep test) values of different blends were compared. The milled RAP aggregate gradation varied from source to source due to factors such as the gradation of the mix used in the existing layer, milling method and processing of RAP material. This variability controls the use of higher proportions of RAP in new mixes. To investigate the effect of RAP gradation on the proportion of RAP that can be used in the new mix, RAP sources with different gradation (three dense and two gap gradations) were selected. The proportion of RAP that can be used for preparing mixes with these gradations varied significantly with the source of RAP, and the target gradation. In most cases, it was found that allowable RAP percentages are smaller for the gap gradations compared to those permitted for dense gradations. The proportion of RAP in a mix can be increased by selecting an appropriate gradation for a RAP source or by using a suitable RAP source for a given gradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reclaimed Asphalt Materials for Pavement Layers)
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11 pages, 1832 KiB  
Article
Structural Contribution of Cold In-Place Recycling Base Layer
by Mateo E. Carvajal, Murugaiyah Piratheepan, Peter E. Sebaaly, Elie Y. Hajj and Adam J. Hand
CivilEng 2021, 2(3), 736-746; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/civileng2030040 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Cold in-place recycling (CIR) of asphalt pavements is a process that has successfully been used for many years. The use of CIR for rehabilitation offers many advantages over traditional overlays due to its excellent resistance to reflective cracking and its environmentally friendly impacts. [...] Read more.
Cold in-place recycling (CIR) of asphalt pavements is a process that has successfully been used for many years. The use of CIR for rehabilitation offers many advantages over traditional overlays due to its excellent resistance to reflective cracking and its environmentally friendly impacts. Despite the good performance and positive sustainability aspects of CIR, the structural contribution of the CIR base layer has not been well defined. In this research, CIR mixtures were designed with different asphalt emulsions. The mixtures were then subjected to dynamic modulus, repeated load triaxial, and flexural beam fatigue testing over a range of temperature and loading conditions. The performance test data generated were then used to develop CIR rutting and fatigue performance models used in the mechanistic analysis of flexible pavements. The technique used to develop the performance models leveraged the fact that the rutting and fatigue models for individual CIR mixtures were all within the 95 percent confidence interval of each other. A mechanistic analysis was conducted using the 3D-Move Mechanistic Analysis model. With the laboratory-developed performance models, the structural layer coefficient for the CIR base layer were developed for use in the 1993 AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures. This analysis led to the determination of an average structural coefficient of the CIR base layer of 0.25. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reclaimed Asphalt Materials for Pavement Layers)
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