Thermal Plasma Processing for Coating: Structural, Functional Properties of Thick Films

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Plasma Coatings, Surfaces & Interfaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 9095

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
FZU—Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: polymer; functional materials; composite; interfacial adhesion; shape memory behavior; mechanical application
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Guest Editor
Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: powder metallurgy; high entropy alloys; intermetallics; structural properties; tribology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, powder metallurgy has been emerging as an alternative route to produce functional materials with multifunctional behavior arising from single or multilayer coatings. Functional thick coatings layers are generally fabricated by conventional routes of casting, briefly described as multistep processes leaving some serious flaws within the material. However, thermal plasma technologies, including, among others, spraying, melting, and sintering techniques, are mostly single-step processes capable of preparing the desired and impurity-free coatings. The functional coating covering the substrates shows good adhesion to the interface, enhancing future functional and corrosive behavior. Blending thermal plasma and powder metallurgy technologies opens up the possibility for the fabrication of thick coatings, spurred primarily by functional behavior with demand in durability with extreme environmental conditions typical for applications ranging from medical to aerospace and automotive actuation industries. The current state of knowledge demands functional coatings such as NiTi shape memory alloys offering functional properties that need to maintain structural material integrity and reliability under extreme environments. It is necessary to focus on experimental, theoretical, and modeling studies to fully investigate and describe the functional coatings deposited by thermal plasma processes.

Starting from pure metals and moving up to alloys-based coatings with promising and even extraordinary protective and functional behavior may be achieved by thermal plasma technologies. The combination provides unprecedented functionality and opportunities for multifunctional coatings.

This Special Issue will serve as a forum for papers in the following concepts:

  • Theoretical and experimental research, new ideas in thermal plasma processing of functional coatings using powder metallurgy route.
  • Recent approaches toward single and multi-layer functional coatings made of pure metals or alloys.
  • Thick coatings fabricated by a different process of thermal plasma technology including, among others, plasma spraying, spark-plasma sintering, and laser meting processing methods.
  • Experiments and processing of high-performance coatings with mechanical, functional, tribological, and other extreme environmental applications.
  • Understanding the functional mechanism of coatings through mechanical performance, self-healing, and description of their degradation mechanisms through the scratch test, indent point, wear test, and other dynamic loading conditions.
  • A new methodology for considering the interplay relationship between mechanical, chemical, and electromechanical interactions of coating/substrate/environment and the ability to predict coating performance and/or reliability.
  • Computer modeling and simulation to predict properties, performance, durability, and reliability of coatings in service environments.

Dr. Sneha Manjaree Samal
Dr. Filip Průša
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal plasma
  • coating
  • structural properties
  • functional behavior
  • thick film
  • substrate–coating interface
  • tribological evolution of coatings

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 12441 KiB  
Communication
The Microstructure, Hardness, Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of a NiTi Coating Applied to Graphite Substrate via a Plasma Spraying Process
by Sneha Samal, Jakub Zeman, Jaromír Kopeček and Petr Šittner
Coatings 2023, 13(7), 1174; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings13071174 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 849
Abstract
In this study, Ni50Ti50 powder was coated on the surface of graphite substrate (C) via a plasma spraying process using a radio frequency inductively coupled plasma reactor. The coating was carried out using 12- and 9-kW power under Ar atmosphere. [...] Read more.
In this study, Ni50Ti50 powder was coated on the surface of graphite substrate (C) via a plasma spraying process using a radio frequency inductively coupled plasma reactor. The coating was carried out using 12- and 9-kW power under Ar atmosphere. The cross-section of coating layers and the surface were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum (EDX), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) analyses and microhardness test. The thickness and quality of the coating increased with the input power. Many pores were detected in the cross-sectional surface areas. Higher input power caused a better coating layer of NiTi alloy. The hardness of the coating layer decreases with higher input power. Full article
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18 pages, 6282 KiB  
Article
Surface Deformation Recovery by Thermal Annealing of Thermal Plasma Sprayed Shape Memory NiTi Alloys
by Sneha Samal, Jan Tomáštík, Radim Čtvrtlík, Lukáš Václavek, Orsolya Molnárová and Petr Šittner
Coatings 2023, 13(2), 433; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings13020433 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
The shape memory effect is the most important attribute of shape memory alloys where material can recover to its initial shape after deformation by heating above its transformation temperature. In this article, the thermally induced recovery of well-defined microscopic deformation in a NiTi [...] Read more.
The shape memory effect is the most important attribute of shape memory alloys where material can recover to its initial shape after deformation by heating above its transformation temperature. In this article, the thermally induced recovery of well-defined microscopic deformation in a NiTi shape memory alloy was investigated. Surface deformation was performed by indenting the plasma sprayed NiTi shape memory alloy in a martensitic phase at room temperature using spherical indenters. In this article, a series of indentations, scratch lines and wear lines were made on the surface of two different NiTi shape memory alloys at the micrometre scale using two spherical indenters with different radii. Three-dimensional imaging of indentation topography using scanning confocal microscopy provided direct evidence of the thermally induced martensitic transformation of these plasma sprayed thick films allowing for partial recovery on the micro-scale. The partial recovery is achieved at various indentation depths and for different scratches and wear volumes. Full article
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18 pages, 20026 KiB  
Article
Tribological Behavior of NiTi Alloy Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering Method
by Sneha Samal, Jana Cibulková, Radim Čtvrtlík, Jan Tomáštík, Lukáš Václavek, Jaromír Kopeček and Petr Šittner
Coatings 2021, 11(10), 1246; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11101246 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2390
Abstract
The tribological behaviors of NiTi alloy produced by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method before and after annealing were investigated at various loading conditions via indentation, scratch, and wear tests. Indentation tests were performed by a pyramidal Berkovich indenter, while scratch and wear [...] Read more.
The tribological behaviors of NiTi alloy produced by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method before and after annealing were investigated at various loading conditions via indentation, scratch, and wear tests. Indentation tests were performed by a pyramidal Berkovich indenter, while scratch and wear tests were carried out by a diamond Rockwell spherical indenter at room temperature. The annealing of the as-prepared samples was performed at 350, 450, and 550 °C in the ambient atmosphere. The influence of the annealing temperature on the sample behavior towards tribological study was investigated here. The results indicated that the alloy annealed at 350 °C showed a higher hardness compared to the other annealed alloys. The scratch and wear resistance of the annealed sample at 350 °C showed a better performance in comparison to the other samples under a constant load. The high wear resistance of the annealed NiTi alloy may be attributed to its metastable R-phase. The detection and evaluation of acoustic emissions during the nano/micro-tribomechanical testing proved to be a very effective way for the exploration of the durability of SPS NiTi alloys. Full article
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16 pages, 6577 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Thermal Plasma Sprayed NiTi Coatings Possessing Functional Properties
by Sneha Samal, Ondřej Tyc, Jan Cizek, Jakub Klecka, František Lukáč, Orsolya Molnárová, Esther de Prado, Zdeněk Weiss, Jaromír Kopeček, Luděk Heller, Petr Šittner and Tomáš Chráska
Coatings 2021, 11(5), 610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11050610 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3552
Abstract
Thick NiTi shape memory alloy coatings (300–500 µm) were produced on graphite and AISI 304 substrates by radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma spray technology (RF-ICP) from feedstock NiTi powders. Their microstructure as well as chemical and phase composition were characterized and a methodology for [...] Read more.
Thick NiTi shape memory alloy coatings (300–500 µm) were produced on graphite and AISI 304 substrates by radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma spray technology (RF-ICP) from feedstock NiTi powders. Their microstructure as well as chemical and phase composition were characterized and a methodology for the characterization of functional shape memory properties of the thick coatings was developed. The coatings exhibited cubic to monoclinic martensitic transformation and shape memory effect. The presented results prove that NiTi coatings with functional thermomechanical properties can be easily produced on structural materials by RF-ICP. Further optimization will be needed to prepare NiTi coatings with better microstructural and chemical homogeneity. Full article
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