Coatings for High Temperature Applications

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 14095

Special Issue Editors

Processes and Technologies Laboratory, Materials and Structures Department, National Institute of Aerospace Technologies, Madrid, Spain
Interests: Metallic and ceramic coatings; high temperature corrosion; materials for renewable energy; thermal spray; paints; slurry coatings; biomass corrosion; metal dusting; molten salt corrosion; solar thermal power plants; high absorbance coatings; anti-icing surface modification; icing wind tunnel testing; flight testing for anti-icing systems
Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W, Montreal H3G 1M8, Quebec, Canada
Interests: thermally sprayed coatings; computational fluid dynamics; fuel spray and atomization

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

As we all know, high-temperature corrosion is a critical failure cause for many industrial sectors, including aeronautics, chemical and petrochemical, power generation by fossil, nuclear or renewable sources, and automotive, among others.

Indeed, very harsh and/or complex environments are present in these applications, such as biomass combustion gases that replace coal combustion in steam power plants, supercritical CO2 and extremely corrosive molten salts in Brayton cycle thermal solar plants with energy storage, temperatures higher than 2000 ºC for space and hypersonic planes, and molten sand and ashes, to name a few. To counteract these aggressive environments, very expensive alloys/ceramics are need and coatings are required, so that the component's life is increased, and in some cases this allows for higher operating temperatures in order to increase process efficiency and reduce emissions.

In parallel, the development of new alloys such as high-temperature Ti alloys, intermetallics, and Mo-based alloys, and the fabrication of new processes such as additive manufacturing, have added further complexity to this already intricate sector.

So, for all us working in this field, the news is good as we are being kept very busy trying to design new coating systems that are appropriate for the new materials and are also capable of withstanding the ever-growing variety of extremely corrosive environments. Fortunately, we have excellent tools to achieve these goals thanks to the development of novel microscopy and analytical techniques as well as deposition methods.

We would like to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue on "Coatings for High Temperature Applications", which aims to cover the latest experimental and theoretical developments in the field through a combination of original research papers and review articles from leading groups around the world.

Dr. Alina Agüero
Prof. Dr. Ali Dolatabadi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 3637 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Oxidation Resistance via Chromium Boron Carbide on Diamond Particles
by Xuliang Zhang, Youhong Sun, Qingnan Meng, Jinhao Wu and Linkai He
Coatings 2021, 11(2), 162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11020162 - 30 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
To improve the oxidation resistance of diamond, chromium boron carbide (Cr–B–C) coatings were synthesized through high temperature solid state synthesis and molten salt method on diamond particles in this paper. After holding the raw material at 900 °C for 2 h, the diamond [...] Read more.
To improve the oxidation resistance of diamond, chromium boron carbide (Cr–B–C) coatings were synthesized through high temperature solid state synthesis and molten salt method on diamond particles in this paper. After holding the raw material at 900 °C for 2 h, the diamond surface was completely and uniformly covered by Cr–B–C coatings. Oxidation resistance of the diamond coated Cr–B–C was determined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the Cr–B–C coatings held the diamonds for 100%-mass in air atmosphere until 1151 °C, which was much better than the uncoated diamonds (720 °C) and the B4C-coated diamonds (1090 °C). When Cr–B–C-coated diamond was annealed in air, Cr2O3 and B2O3 were formed as oxygen barrier layer to protect diamond from oxidation. The formation of B2O3 with high temperature fluidity was conducive to avoiding Cr2O3 delamination due to volume expansion during oxidation in air. Furthermore, the presence of Cr2O3 provided lasting protection by reducing the evaporation of B2O3. The oxidation products (B2O3 and Cr2O3) prove a complementary functional protection on diamond particles from oxidation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings for High Temperature Applications)
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12 pages, 3877 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of La2Zr2O7/NiCoAlY Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited on Inconel 718 Superalloy by Laser Cladding
by Kaijin Huang, Wei Li, Kai Pan, Xin Lin and Aihua Wang
Coatings 2021, 11(1), 101; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11010101 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2265
Abstract
In order to improve the seawater corrosion resistance of Inconel 718 superalloy, a La2Zr2O7/NiCoCrAlY thermal barrier coating corrosion resistant to 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution was prepared by laser cladding on Inconel 718 superalloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), [...] Read more.
In order to improve the seawater corrosion resistance of Inconel 718 superalloy, a La2Zr2O7/NiCoCrAlY thermal barrier coating corrosion resistant to 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution was prepared by laser cladding on Inconel 718 superalloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and electrochemical techniques were used to study the microstructure and the corrosion performance of the coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results show that the thermal barrier coating is mainly composed of primary La2Zr2O7 phase and γ + laves/δ phase eutectic structure. The corrosion potential and corrosion current of the coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution are higher and lower than that of the Inconel 718 substrate, respectively, indicating that the corrosion performance of the coating is better than that of the Inconel 718 substrate. The presence of La2Zr2O7 phase in the thermal barrier coating is the main reason for its corrosion resistance to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings for High Temperature Applications)
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16 pages, 5036 KiB  
Article
Studies on the Oxidation Behavior of a Designed Nanocrystalline Coating on K38 Alloy at 1050 °C
by Jinlong Wang, Bo Meng, Wenyao Sun, Lanlan Yang, Minghui Chen and Fuhui Wang
Coatings 2020, 10(12), 1188; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings10121188 - 04 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1425
Abstract
A new framework for a nanocrystalline coating system is established and prepared to study the oxidation behavior with a significant difference in elemental composition. K38 superalloy is selected as a substrate alloy and the composition of the 2nd-generation single-crystal superalloy Rene N5 is [...] Read more.
A new framework for a nanocrystalline coating system is established and prepared to study the oxidation behavior with a significant difference in elemental composition. K38 superalloy is selected as a substrate alloy and the composition of the 2nd-generation single-crystal superalloy Rene N5 is used as the sputtered nanocrystalline coating. The oxidation behavior of the newly designed nanocrystalline coating is comparatively studied with the original K38 coating and its substrate alloy at 1050 °C for 500 h. Moreover, microstructure evolution on the interface is used for studying the influence of element interdiffusion behavior on the substrate alloy. Results show that the nanocrystalline coatings increase the oxidation performance of alloys at 1050 °C for 100 h. The sputtered SN-N5 nanocrystalline coating exhibits the best oxidation resistance among the three groups of specimens for 500 h. Interdiffusion occurred and is observed on the SN-N5 coating after long-term oxidation. However, no topologically close-packed phases participated in the substrate alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings for High Temperature Applications)
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19 pages, 10249 KiB  
Article
Steam Oxidation of Aluminide-Coated and Uncoated TP347HFG Stainless Steel under Atmospheric and Ultra-Supercritical Steam Conditions at 700 °C
by Alina Agüero, Ignacio Baráibar, Marcos Gutiérrez, Satu Tuurna, Aki Toivonen, Sami Penttilä and Pertti Auerkari
Coatings 2020, 10(9), 839; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings10090839 - 28 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2376
Abstract
The efficiency of ultra-supercritical (USC) steam power plants is limited by the materials properties, in particular, the steam oxidation resistance of the currently used steels at temperatures higher than 600 °C. Under these conditions, steam oxidation results in the development of thick oxide [...] Read more.
The efficiency of ultra-supercritical (USC) steam power plants is limited by the materials properties, in particular, the steam oxidation resistance of the currently used steels at temperatures higher than 600 °C. Under these conditions, steam oxidation results in the development of thick oxide scales which spall and can accumulate in tube bends leading to blockage, overheating and premature creep rupture, as well as erosion of downstream components such as steam valves and turbine blades. Most published work related to oxidation testing is carried out at atmospheric pressure, with significantly less testing of austenitic steels in supercritical steam, and rarely including protective coatings. Indeed, the effect of high-pressure steam in the oxidation process is not quite understood at present. This paper covers a comparison of the behaviour of TP347HFG stainless steel at 700 °C under atmospheric pressure and 25 MPa, with and without slurry-applied diffusion aluminide coatings. The results show a very protective behaviour of the aluminide coatings, which develop a very thin Al-rich protective oxide, and no significant difference between the two environments. In contrast, the uncoated steel exhibited a different behaviour. Indeed, under atmospheric pressure after 3000 h, very thin scales, rich in Cr and not surpassing 5 to 10 µm in thickness, covered the samples along with some much thicker Fe-rich oxide nodules (up to 150 µm). However, under 25 MPa, a thick multilayer scale with a non-homogeneous thickness oscillating between 10 to 120 µm was present. A microstructural investigation was undertaken on the oxidised uncoated and coated substrates. The results suggest that pressure increases the oxidation rate of the chromia former steels but that the oxidation mechanism remains the same. A mechanism is proposed, including early detachment of the outer growing scales under supercritical pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings for High Temperature Applications)
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15 pages, 8251 KiB  
Article
MnNH4P2O7-Based Coating for High Temperature Assessment on the Surfaces of Cement Composites
by Rajagopalan Sam Rajadurai, Jong-Han Lee, Eunsoo Choi and Joo-Won Kang
Coatings 2020, 10(4), 396; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings10040396 - 17 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2530
Abstract
This study examines the implementation of an MnNH4P2O7 (ammonium manganese III pyrophosphate)-based coating on structural elements to obtain temperature information with color changes. Based on the MnNH4P2O7 material, a coating was prepared and [...] Read more.
This study examines the implementation of an MnNH4P2O7 (ammonium manganese III pyrophosphate)-based coating on structural elements to obtain temperature information with color changes. Based on the MnNH4P2O7 material, a coating was prepared and deposited on cement mortar surfaces. Heat experiments were then conducted to evaluate the thermochromism on the fabricated samples. The coated samples exhibited a superior irreversible thermochromic property at 400 °C with a color change from dark violet to light grayish blue at the heated surface. The color changes were retrieved at each temperature using a digital camera, and the change in color properties was evaluated in the RGB and L*a*b* color spaces using image processing techniques. With increasing temperature from room temperature, the RGB values were almost constant until 200 °C. At higher temperatures, the color changes started to accelerate until 400 °C. The values showed a 167%, 567%, and 49% increase in R, G, and B values, respectively, at 400 °C. In the L*a*b* color space, when the temperature was increased from room temperature to 400 °C, the L*a*b* values showed an increase of 211%, a decrease of 94%, and an increase of 78%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings for High Temperature Applications)
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12 pages, 2611 KiB  
Brief Report
Microstructure of Aluminide Coatings Modified by Pt, Pd, Zr and Hf Formed in Low-Activity CVD Process
by Marek Goral, Maciej Pytel, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Wojciech Simka and Lukasz Nieuzyla
Coatings 2021, 11(4), 421; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11040421 - 04 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2590
Abstract
In the present article the doping of aluminide coatings by Pt/Pd as well as Hf or Pd using industrial processes was developed. The different combinations of doping elements were tested as well as their influence on chemical composition of coatings was initially investigated. [...] Read more.
In the present article the doping of aluminide coatings by Pt/Pd as well as Hf or Pd using industrial processes was developed. The different combinations of doping elements were tested as well as their influence on chemical composition of coatings was initially investigated. The Pt and Pd and both Pt + Pd was electroplated on the surface of the MAR M247 nickel superalloy. The Zr or Hf was doped during low activity CVD aluminizing process using industrial Bernex BPX Pro 325S system. The conducted research showed that Pt and Pd formed the (Ni, Pd, Pt) Al solid solution in the outer additive layer. The higher concentration of palladium in the near surface and in the whole additive layer was detected. The platinum was presented below the surface of aluminide coating. The Zr or Hf was detected mainly in the diffusion zone. The low concentration of Zr (about 0.1 wt.%) in the outer zone was observed. The hafnium was detected mainly in the diffusion zone but in the outer additive layer a small concentration of this element was measured. The obtained results showed that formation of three elements (Pd, Pt) + Zr or Hf modified aluminide coating using proposed technology is possible. The structure of all obtained aluminide coatings was typical for a low-activity, high temperature (LAHT) formation process mainly by outward diffusion of Ni from base material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coatings for High Temperature Applications)
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