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Coatings
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Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings
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Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion, Wear and Erosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 11903

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiujie He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: coatings; friction and wear; oxidation; corrosion; characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jie Qiu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Interests: coating; corrosion; passive film; nuclear material; electrochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your research work to our Special Issue “Friction, Wear Properties, and Applications of Coatings”. As we all know, friction and wear are a common form of material failure, and improving the wear resistance of materials can increase their service life. In recent years, the development of coating technology has made it an economical and practical way to improve the friction and wear properties of materials.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest experimental and computational results in the research field of friction and wear resistance of coatings, through a combination of original research papers and review articles from leading scientists around the world.

In particular, topics of interest of this Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Advanced characterization methods for analyzing coating structure and performance;
  • Technology to reduce coating defects (for example, void, cavity, and droplet);
  • Adjusting the friction coefficient and wear volume of the coatings;
  • Wear-resistant coatings used in special fields such as aerospace, nuclear reactors, military, etc., (for example, super lubricity coating, solid lubricity coating, and accident-tolerant fuel coating);
  • Optimize preparation parameters from the perspective of improving friction and wear performance;
  • Use of non-destructive techniques in situ for deposition process monitoring and optimization;
  • Mechanism analysis of friction and wear performance.

Prof. Dr. Xiujie He
Dr. Jie Qiu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • friction
  • wear
  • coatings
  • films
  • characterization techniques
  • coefficient of friction
  • unlubricated and lubrication conditions

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 10847 KiB  
Article
Effects of Laser-Remelting on the Microstructure, Hardness and Oscillating Wear Resistance of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Alumina-Rich Coatings
by Maximilian Grimm, Thomas Lindner and Thomas Lampke
Coatings 2022, 12(6), 721; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12060721 - 24 May 2022
Viewed by 1550
Abstract
Thermally sprayed ceramic coatings such as alumina have a specific microstructure characterized by porosity and microcracks. In addition, a process-related phase transformation from α-Al2O3 to γ-Al2O3 typically occurs, which affects the properties of the coatings compared to [...] Read more.
Thermally sprayed ceramic coatings such as alumina have a specific microstructure characterized by porosity and microcracks. In addition, a process-related phase transformation from α-Al2O3 to γ-Al2O3 typically occurs, which affects the properties of the coatings compared to sintered alumina. In a previous study, simultaneous additions of Cr2O3 and TiO2 have already extended and improved the property profile of pure alumina coating (i.e., sliding wear resistance and corrosion resistance against 1N H2SO4). Depending on the powder material used, the phase composition of the coatings differs considerably, influencing the property profile. Chemical integration through reactive bonding promises a previously untapped potential for improvement. In this study, these alumina-rich ternary oxide coatings are remelted by laser, and the effect of different parameters such as speed, laser power or distance on the macro- and microstructure of the coatings is investigated. For this purpose, both light microscopic and SEM examinations are used as well as the determination of the phase composition by XRD and element distribution by EDS. The created coating microstructures are studied with respect to hardness and oscillation wear resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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11 pages, 5528 KiB  
Article
Friction and Wear Properties of Cr-Nx Coatings for Nuclear Fuel Cladding
by Zheng Qu, Guixiao Shang, Siyuan Ma, Chuiyi Meng, Peng Xie, Hui Wang, Xuguang An and Xiujie He
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 163; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12020163 - 27 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2027
Abstract
Friction and wear resistance are important factors that affect the selection of accident-tolerant fuel coating materials. In this study, the wear behavior of a series of Cr-Nx coatings with different N contents was investigated using a reciprocating sliding tester. The coating morphology, [...] Read more.
Friction and wear resistance are important factors that affect the selection of accident-tolerant fuel coating materials. In this study, the wear behavior of a series of Cr-Nx coatings with different N contents was investigated using a reciprocating sliding tester. The coating morphology, change in the coefficient of friction during the friction and wear tests, and wear volume after the friction and wear tests, were characterized and discussed in detail. The results show that the Cr2N coating has better anti-friction and wear resistance behaviors than the Cr and CrN coatings under anhydrous and aqueous conditions. In addition, the water environment promoted the wear of the Zr-4 alloy and Cr coatings and inhibited the wear of the CrN and Cr2N coatings. The mechanisms of friction and wear were also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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21 pages, 10045 KiB  
Article
Evolution in Wear and High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Laser-Clad AlxMoNbTa Refractory High-Entropy Alloys Coatings with Al Addition Content
by Sichun Hong, Jun Li, Peng Zhao, Yinsi Xu and Wanggen Li
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12020121 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
AlxMoNbTa (x = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEAs) coatings were produced on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. Ti2AlNb as the second phase and the solid solutions with the body center cubic structure (BCC) as the matrix were synthesized in [...] Read more.
AlxMoNbTa (x = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEAs) coatings were produced on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. Ti2AlNb as the second phase and the solid solutions with the body center cubic structure (BCC) as the matrix were synthesized in the coatings. The average microhardness of the coatings was increased with the increase in x, along with which the fracture toughness was decreased. Wear resistance of the coatings was investigated by the dry-sliding reciprocating wear tests at room temperature in air (Si3N4 as the counterparts, the 10 N load for 30 min, and the 3 mm/s sliding speed). The wear rate of the coatings was decreased with x enhanced from 0.5 (6.34 × 10−5 mm3/N·m) to 1.0 (5.90 × 10−5 mm3/N·m), then slightly increased with x enhanced to 1.5 (6.18 × 10−5 mm3/N·m). Oxidation resistance was evaluated by the high-temperature oxidation tests at 1000 °C in air for 120 h. The whole mass gain of the coatings showed a slight downward tendency (61.8 mg/cm2 for x = 0.5, 57.8 mg/cm2 for x = 1.0 and 56.3 mg/cm2 for x = 1.5). The change in wear and oxidation mechanism with x was revealed in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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15 pages, 19129 KiB  
Article
Wear Resistance of Aluminum Matrix Composites’ Coatings Added on AA6082 Aluminum Alloy by Laser Cladding
by Ainhoa Riquelme, Pilar Rodrigo, María Dolores Escalera-Rodriguez and Joaquin Rams
Coatings 2022, 12(1), 41; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings12010041 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
Ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites are known for their high wear resistance. A coating based on these materials would be helpful to improve the wear behavior of aluminum alloys. Laser cladding has been used to deposit a coating consisting of an aluminum alloy reinforced [...] Read more.
Ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites are known for their high wear resistance. A coating based on these materials would be helpful to improve the wear behavior of aluminum alloys. Laser cladding has been used to deposit a coating consisting of an aluminum alloy reinforced with SiC particles on an AA6082 aluminum alloy. Laser cladding is a very energetic technique that causes the SiC particles to react with the molten aluminum to form Al4C3, which degrades the particles and reduces the properties of the coating. The formation of this detrimental compound was successfully achieved with the addition of Silicon and Titanium to the composite matrix. The microstructures of the newly developed material were characterized and the wear behavior was studied under dry sliding conditions on a pin-on-disc tribometer. The relationship between the microstructure and wear behavior was identified. The absence of Al4C3 in the Al40Si/SiC and Al12Si20Ti/SiC coatings’ microstructures resulted in an abrasion mechanism instead of a delamination mechanism. The wear behavior changed along the sliding distances. During the first 200 m of sliding distances, the wear rate of all coatings was lower than the uncoated one due to their higher microhardness. For longer sliding distances, the wear resistance of the uncoated AA6082 was higher than the coated ones due to the formation of a lubricant oxide layer on the AA6082 worn surface. For 1000 m of wear distances, the wear behavior was different for each coating. The wear rate of the Al12Si/SiC coating continued growing due to the delamination mechanism and the presence of Al4C3 that acted as starting crack points. The wear rate of the Al40Si/SiC coating decreased due to the formation of a thin, superficial oxide layer. The wear rate of the Al12SiTi/SiC progressively decreased along the sliding distance to below the substrate wear rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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14 pages, 3880 KiB  
Article
Effect of Al Content on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Structure of CrAl Coatings
by Jiaojiao Ma, Chuiyi Meng, Hui Wang and Xiujie He
Coatings 2021, 11(12), 1434; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11121434 - 23 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
The oxidation behaviors of Cr, Cr93.4Al6.6, Cr58.1Al41.9, and Cr34.5Al65.5 coatings, deposited by using multi-arc ion plating technology, at high temperature were studied. The weight gain, oxide thickness, morphology, and phase composition of [...] Read more.
The oxidation behaviors of Cr, Cr93.4Al6.6, Cr58.1Al41.9, and Cr34.5Al65.5 coatings, deposited by using multi-arc ion plating technology, at high temperature were studied. The weight gain, oxide thickness, morphology, and phase composition of the coatings before and after oxidation were analyzed in detail. The results show that there is an Al content window available for tuning the oxidation behaviors of the CrAl-based coatings. The Cr93.4Al6.6 coating is considered to be most protective and can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the substrate; whereas, too high an Al content has a harmful effect on the antioxidant properties of the coatings. The oxidation mechanism of Cr and CrAl coatings were also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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12 pages, 4181 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Dissolved Impurities and Movement of Oxide Particles in the Primary Circuit of LBE Fast Reactor
by Jiewei Wu, Rongjun Wu, Yuqing Wang, Jianbo He, Chen Hu, Xian Zeng and Muyi Ni
Coatings 2021, 11(10), 1263; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11101263 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
To better understand the corrosion and corrosion products behavior in the primary circuit of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant reactor, the concentration distribution of soluble impurities and the transport of solid particles are investigated through the finite-element method. An axisymmetric model of the primary [...] Read more.
To better understand the corrosion and corrosion products behavior in the primary circuit of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant reactor, the concentration distribution of soluble impurities and the transport of solid particles are investigated through the finite-element method. An axisymmetric model of the primary circuit of an LBE reactor was constructed to accelerate the calculation of the thermal hydraulic filed of the circuit. The saturation concentration of solute Fe, Cr and Ni in LBE coolant are identified through the equilibrium of their oxides and PbO, and the very different saturation concentrations of Fe/Cr/Ni in LBE will lead to significant element-selective corrosion. The migration of solid oxide particles in the primary circuit is also investigated by the Euler–Lagrange tracing model. The simulation shows that driving force for the movement of particles >100 μm is buoyancy, which lets particles float on a free surface, while particles <10 μm tend to suspend in coolant. However, the behavior of particles also depends on the formation position, the particles formed above the core have a high possibility of re-entering in the core. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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22 pages, 75574 KiB  
Article
Microstructure, Microhardness, Fracture Toughness, and Abrasive Wear of In-Situ Synthesized TiC/Ti-Al Composite Coatings by Cold Spraying Combined with Heat Treatment
by Xiao Chen, Chengdi Li, Xiaobo Bai, Hao Liu, Shunjian Xu and Yao Hu
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1034; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/coatings11091034 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
TiAl intermetallic compounds, as a new kind of high-performance light-weight structural material, are widely applied in many fields. Titanium carbide (TiC) as the reinforcing phase could improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and heat-resistance stability of TiAl intermetallic compounds. Ti(Al, C) mixture powders [...] Read more.
TiAl intermetallic compounds, as a new kind of high-performance light-weight structural material, are widely applied in many fields. Titanium carbide (TiC) as the reinforcing phase could improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and heat-resistance stability of TiAl intermetallic compounds. Ti(Al, C) mixture powders were deposited by cold spraying at gas temperature of 250 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. Then, Ti(Al, C) coatings were annealed at temperatures of 650 °C for different times and following holding at 1100 °C for 3 h. The microstructure, microhardness, fracture toughness, and abrasive wear of Ti-Al composite coatings were investigated. The research results were that the particle size of mixture powders decreased as the ball milling time prolonging. Ti(Al) solid solution appeared in the mixture powders as the milling time increased to 30 h. The average porosity of the coating sprayed at 550 °C was the lowest (0.85%). The as-sprayed coatings exhibited the same phase compositions with the mixture powders. The coating sprayed at gas temperature of 550 °C has the highest microhardness and the lowest weight loss. Ti-Al intermetallic was in-situ synthesized after annealing at 650 °C. The average porosity of the annealed coating (sprayed at 450 °C) was the lowest. The content of Ti-Al intermetallic compounds of the annealed coating sprayed at 450 °C is the highest. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results are consistent with the EDS analysis of the annealed coatings after annealing at 650 °C. Ti-Al intermetallic compounds were almost completely formed in the three kinds of the coatings after annealing at 650 °C for 20 h and following holding at 1100 °C for 3 h. TiAl and TiAl3 intermetallic phases were in-situ synthesized in the coatings based on the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and XRD analysis. TiC was also in situ synthesized in the coatings as the annealing temperature increased to 1100 °C. The annealed coating (sprayed at 450 °C) has the highest microhardness, fracture toughness, and wear resistance properties after annealing at 1100 °C for 3 h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction, Wear Properties and Applications of Coatings)
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