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Crystals
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Diamond Crystals Volume II
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Diamond Crystals Volume II

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineralogical Crystallography and Biomineralization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 16151

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yuri N. Palyanov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. VS Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
2. Geology Geophysics Department, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: synthetic and natural diamonds; diamond synthesis and growth; high pressure high temperature; experimental modelling of natural diamond formation; diamond mineralogy; diamond properties and applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diamonds, possessing a remarkable range of extreme and outstanding properties superior to other materials, have been attracting huge interest as a versatile and technologically useful material. Advances in diamond synthesis and growth techniques have paved the way for this unique material for many existent and prospective applications, which now range from optics and electronics, to biomedicine and quantum computing. Besides its importance as the strategic future electronic material, diamonds have been the classical model object of fundamental research in solid-state physics, chemistry, and engineering. Diamonds occupy a very special place in Earth sciences, where they serve as an invaluable source of information about the Earth’s interiors. As the king of gems, diamonds are the key stone for the gem industry and gemmological science.

We invite researchers to contribute to the Special Issue “Diamond Crystals Volume II”, which is intendent to serve as a multidisciplinary forum covering broad aspects of the science, technology, and application of synthetic and natural diamonds. The predecessor Special Issue, “Diamond Crystals”, appeared in Crystal in 2017, and was well received by the community. The original research articles published in this Special Issue have gained more than 50 citations to date, and the printed edition of the Issue is currently available.   

 Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Synthesis and growth of diamond crystals
  • Genesis of natural diamonds
  • Diamond morphology
  • Real structure and properties of synthetic and natural diamonds
  • Characterisation of diamonds by spectroscopic, microscopic, and other advanced techniques
  • Exploitation of the remarkable properties of diamonds in various existent and emerging applications

Dr. Yuri Palyanov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diamond crystals
  • Diamond growth and synthesis
  • High pressure high temperature (HPHT)
  • Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
  • Natural diamonds
  • Diamond properties
  • Characterization
  • Diamond applications

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 2298 KiB  
Communication
Feasibility Study of Selective Laser Melting for Metal Matrix Diamond Tools
by Xiaohong Fang, Zhan Yang, Songcheng Tan and Longchen Duan
Crystals 2020, 10(7), 596; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10070596 - 10 Jul 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2145
Abstract
Metal matrix diamond composite samples were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) at different forming parameters to investigate the feasibility and new challenges when SLM is applied to diamond tools manufacturing. The surface topographies, Rockwell hardness, compactness, microstructure, and diamond thermal damage of [...] Read more.
Metal matrix diamond composite samples were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) at different forming parameters to investigate the feasibility and new challenges when SLM is applied to diamond tools manufacturing. The surface topographies, Rockwell hardness, compactness, microstructure, and diamond thermal damage of the samples were investigated in this study. The fabricated samples had high porosity and relatively low Rockwell hardness and compactness, and some ridge-shaped bulges and textures were observed at the edges and surfaces. Microstructure analyses showed that diamond particles were homogeneously distributed and metallurgically bonded within the metal matrix. The thermal damage pits on the diamond crystals along the scanning direction were the dominant damage type for SLM, which was completely different from conventional vacuum brazing and hot-pressing sintering. Although some challenges need to be further studied, our results demonstrate that SLM has great potential to propel the development of metal matrix diamond tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Crystals Volume II)
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12 pages, 14563 KiB  
Article
Effect of HPHT Treatment on Spectroscopic Features of Natural Type Ib-IaA Diamonds Containing Y Centers
by Igor N. Kupriyanov, Yuri N. Palyanov, Alexander A. Kalinin and Vladislav S. Shatsky
Crystals 2020, 10(5), 378; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10050378 - 07 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2704
Abstract
In this paper, we report a spectroscopic study of natural type Ib-IaA diamonds containing Y centers subjected to high-pressure high-temperature treatment at 7–7.5 GPa and 1700–2200 °C. Diamond samples showing the Y centers as the dominant absorption feature in the infrared spectra were [...] Read more.
In this paper, we report a spectroscopic study of natural type Ib-IaA diamonds containing Y centers subjected to high-pressure high-temperature treatment at 7–7.5 GPa and 1700–2200 °C. Diamond samples showing the Y centers as the dominant absorption feature in the infrared spectra were selected from a collection of natural diamonds from alluvial placers of the northeastern Siberian Platform. The samples were investigated by spectroscopic techniques before and after each annealing stage. It was found that upon annealing at temperatures higher than 2000°C, the defect-induced one-phonon spectra changed from the Y centers to a new form with a characteristic band peaking at 1060 cm−1. Photoluminescence spectra of the samples were modified after each annealing stage starting from 1700 °C. The most significant changes in photoluminescence occurred at temperatures higher than 2000 °C and were associated with a sharp increase of the intensity of an emission band peaking at about 690 nm. A comparison with natural red-luminescing diamonds from Yakutian kimberlite pipes was performed. It was concluded that the observed 1060 cm−1 IR band and the 690 nm red emission band are genetically related to the Y centers and that defects or impurities responsible for the Y centers appear quite widespread in natural diamonds from various deposits worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Crystals Volume II)
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10 pages, 2694 KiB  
Article
Crystallization of Diamond from Melts of Europium Salts
by Yuri M. Borzdov, Alexander F. Khokhryakov, Igor N. Kupriyanov, Denis V. Nechaev and Yuri N. Palyanov
Crystals 2020, 10(5), 376; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10050376 - 07 May 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3434
Abstract
Diamond crystallization in melts of europium salts (Eu2(C2O4)3·10H2O, Eu2(CO3)3·3H2O, EuCl3, EuF3, EuF2) at 7.8 GPa and in a temperature [...] Read more.
Diamond crystallization in melts of europium salts (Eu2(C2O4)3·10H2O, Eu2(CO3)3·3H2O, EuCl3, EuF3, EuF2) at 7.8 GPa and in a temperature range of 1800–2000 °C was studied for the first time. Diamond growth on seed crystals was realized at a temperature of 2000 °C. Spontaneous diamond nucleation at these parameters was observed only in an Eu oxalate melt. The maximum growth rate in the europium oxalate melt was 22.5 μm/h on the {100} faces and 12.5 μm/h on the {111} faces. The diamond formation intensity in the tested systems was found to decrease in the following sequence: Eu2(C2O4)3·10H2O > Eu2(CO3)3·3H2O > EuF3 > EuF2 = EuCl3. Diamond crystallization occurred in the region of stable octahedral growth in melts of Eu3+ salts and in the region of cubo-octahedral growth in an EuF2 melt. The microrelief of faces was characterized by specific features, depending on the system composition and diamond growth rate. In parallel with diamond growth, the formation of metastable graphite in the form of independent crystals and inclusions in diamond was observed. From the spectroscopic characterization, it was found that diamonds synthesized from Eu oxalate contain relatively high concentrations of nitrogen (about 1000−1200 ppm) and show weak PL features due to inclusions of Eu-containing species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Crystals Volume II)
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12 pages, 10996 KiB  
Article
Microrelief of Rounded Diamond Crystals as an Indicator of the Redox Conditions of Their Resorption in a Kimberlite Melt
by Alexander F. Khokhryakov, Denis V. Nechaev and Alexander G. Sokol
Crystals 2020, 10(3), 233; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10030233 - 23 Mar 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3847
Abstract
We conducted a detailed study of the morphology of diamond crystals partially dissolved in a water-bearing kimberlite melt at pressure of 6.3 GPa, temperature of 1400 °C, and two oxygen fugacities (fO2) corresponding to the Re-ReO2 buffer and near the [...] Read more.
We conducted a detailed study of the morphology of diamond crystals partially dissolved in a water-bearing kimberlite melt at pressure of 6.3 GPa, temperature of 1400 °C, and two oxygen fugacities (fO2) corresponding to the Re-ReO2 buffer and near the magnetite–hematite (MH) buffer. The triangular etch pits on the {111} faces, which formed during experimental diamond dissolution, were found to completely correspond to negative trigons on natural diamond crystals in the shape and sidewalls inclination angle. Furthermore, two experimental fO2 values were associated with two relief types of the rounded tetrahexahedroid surfaces typical of natural rounded diamonds. Therefore, the surface microrelief on rounded natural diamond crystals was concluded to be an indicator of the redox conditions of natural diamond resorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Crystals Volume II)
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13 pages, 2248 KiB  
Article
Effect of Rare-Earth Element Oxides on Diamond Crystallization in Mg-Based Systems
by Yuri N. Palyanov, Yuri M. Borzdov, Alexander F. Khokhryakov and Igor N. Kupriyanov
Crystals 2019, 9(6), 300; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst9060300 - 11 Jun 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3553
Abstract
Diamond crystallization in Mg-R2O3-C systems (R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) was studied at 7.8 GPa and 1800 °C. It was found that rare-earth oxide additives in an amount of 10 wt % [...] Read more.
Diamond crystallization in Mg-R2O3-C systems (R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) was studied at 7.8 GPa and 1800 °C. It was found that rare-earth oxide additives in an amount of 10 wt % did not significantly affect both the degree of graphite-to-diamond conversion and crystal morphology relative to the Mg-C system. The effect of higher amounts of rare-earth oxide additives on diamond crystallization was studied for a Mg-Sm2O3-C system with a Sm2O3 content varied from 0 to 50 wt %. It was established that with an increase in the Sm2O3 content in the growth system, the degree of graphite-to-diamond conversion decreased from 80% at 10% Sm2O3 to 0% at 40% Sm2O3. At high Sm2O3 contents (40 and 50 wt %), instead of diamond, mass crystallization of metastable graphite was established. The observed changes in the degree of the graphite-to-diamond conversion, the changeover of diamond crystallization to the crystallization of metastable graphite, and the changes in diamond crystal morphology with increasing the Sm2O3 content attested the inhibiting effect of rare-earth oxides on diamond crystallization processes in the Mg-Sm-O-C system. The crystallized diamonds were studied by a suite of optical spectroscopy techniques, and the major characteristics of their defect and impurity structures were revealed. For diamond crystals produced with 10 wt % and 20 wt % Sm2O3 additives, a specific photoluminescence signal comprising four groups of lines centered at approximately 580, 620, 670, and 725 nm was detected, which was tentatively assigned to emission characteristic of Sm3+ ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diamond Crystals Volume II)
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