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Crystals
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Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals
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Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Liquid Crystals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 14867

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Alexander V. Emelyanenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Interests: liquid crystals; composites; phase transitions; memory effects; molecular-statistical physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic liquid crystals (FLC) are smart materials with numerous structural puzzles that may one day be applied to industry. They are extremely useful, because they have a several-orders-of-magnitude-higher response time than traditional liquid crystals used in displays. For example, the field sequential colour technique could be potentially used for the creation of the full colour displays based on FLC, in which an arbitrary colour could be obtained as a red-green-blue (RGB) average over the time in each pixel and not over the space of three sub-pixels. The FLC displays could therefore have better resolution, brightness, and colour gamuts.         

Manipulation by FLC structures requires lower energy consumption. The structures of many ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phases are easily memorized. FLC materials can be multistable, and therefore the memorisable greyscale can also be organized on the level of a single pixel. As a result, high-resolution images can be memorized using FLC materials for an infinite period of time (until the new image is rewritten by the new energy pulse).    

The staircases of intermediate phases observed in the temperature interval between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystal phases provide a great field for new inventions. The non-trivial structural organization of complex FLC phases provides the existence of several switchable states at different values of electric field. The existence of two kinds of periodicity in the intermediate phases (one at nano-scale and another one at micro-scale) provides a correlation between the micro and nano-structures, and therefore the nano-world can be potentially visualized by FLC materials. This could be very important for sensing devices, for example.     

Finally, the FLC materials are brilliant materials for investigation of the matter creation in general, because they have are highly organized but, at the same time, are fluids in nature. This combination of properties makes them very useful materials for the investigation of micro-droplets creation, coalescence, and collective behaviour. These processes are very important for oil-recovery, food production, and cosmetics. They are actively studied in the microgravity conditions, in particular, at the International Space Station.

The potential topics include, but, again, are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel FLC Phases, Structure, and Phase Behaviour
  • Design and Synthesis of FLC Materials
  • Photonic, Electro-, and Photo-Responsive FLC Systems
  • Theory and Simulations of FLC Systems
  • Hybrid and Nanostructured FLC Systems
  • Antiferroelectric, Intermediate, and Re-Entrant Phases
  • Memory Effects in FLC Materials
  • Confined FLC Systems and Defects
  • Self-Assembling of FLC Materials
  • Applications of Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals

Prof. Alexander V. Emelyanenko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ferroelectric and ferromagnetic liquid crystals
  • polarity and chirality
  • memory effects
  • self-assembling

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3903 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Nanosystems Based on Metal-Containing Mesogenic CyanoAlkyl and Alkoxybiphenyls
by Tatyana I. Shabatina and Yurii N. Morosov
Crystals 2020, 10(2), 77; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst10020077 - 30 Jan 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1823
Abstract
The paper reviews the results of the authors on the production of hybrid nanosystems based on liquid crystalline (LC) long-chain cyano(alkyl and alkoxy)biphenyls (5CB, 5OCB, and 8CCB) including nanosized metal species. The samples were obtained through the direct incorporation of metal (silver and [...] Read more.
The paper reviews the results of the authors on the production of hybrid nanosystems based on liquid crystalline (LC) long-chain cyano(alkyl and alkoxy)biphenyls (5CB, 5OCB, and 8CCB) including nanosized metal species. The samples were obtained through the direct incorporation of metal (silver and copper) atoms and small clusters into mesogenic CB matrices via a low temperature co-condensation technique, and the formation of biligand metal complexes were revealed by FTIR and ESR-spectroscopy. The heating of the systems led to the controlled growth of metal clusters and nanosized metal particles of the definite size beginning from 1 up to 200 nanometers, and their highly-ordered assemblies stabilized in the solid and liquid crystalline phases. It is shown that supramolecular ordering in different LC phases of cyanobiphenyl matrices determines the size and shape of nanosized metal species that are formed in the systems under investigation, as well as the morphology of their aggregates. TEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data revealed the existence of orientationally-ordered nanostructures in the nematic phases of 5CB and 5OCB. The growth of quasi-fractal 2D-aggregates was shown for layer-structured smectic mesophase of 8CB. The UV–Visible spectra of hybrid metal–mesogenic nanosystems Ag-5CB and Cu-5CB that were incorporated into polymeric films revealed intensive plasmonic bands at 400–450 nm, similar to silver nanoparticles, and 540–650 nm, similar to copper nanoparticles. The increasing of the metal contents in the samples caused the growth of highly anisometric shaped metal rods, with the ratio of the length to the diameter being more than 10 and plasmonic bands at region of λ ≥ 650 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals)
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25 pages, 628 KiB  
Article
Molecular–Statistical Theory for the Description of Re-Entrant Ferroelectric Phase
by Alexander V. Emelyanenko
Crystals 2019, 9(11), 583; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst9110583 - 07 Nov 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1676
Abstract
The re-entrant ferroelectric phase (Sm- C re * ) is investigated in the framework of a molecular–statistical approach. It was found that anticlinic synpolar along the smectic layer normal phase can arise below the antiferroelectric phase (Sm- C A * ) in the [...] Read more.
The re-entrant ferroelectric phase (Sm- C re * ) is investigated in the framework of a molecular–statistical approach. It was found that anticlinic synpolar along the smectic layer normal phase can arise below the antiferroelectric phase (Sm- C A * ) in the temperature scale, and we suggest this phase to be Sm- C re * . We have shown that in the vicinity of Sm- C A * –Sm- C re * phase transition temperature, a very small electric field can cause a transition into the bidomain synclinic phase, where the helical pitch is unwound and the tilt planes have contributions either along or against the electric field. The helical rotation, elasticity and deformation of the Sm- C * , Sm- C A * and Sm- C re * structures without electric field or in the presence of electric field, as well as the dielectric response, are investigated. It is shown that Sm- C re * can arise solely due to the dipole–dipole interaction, and thus, in contrast to the conventional (improper) ferroelectric Sm- C * , appears to be the proper ferroelectric phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals)
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4 pages, 1210 KiB  
Article
In-plane Switching Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Cells
by Evgeny P. Pozhidaev, Timofey P. Tkachenko, Artemy V. Kuznetsov and Igor N. Kompanets
Crystals 2019, 9(10), 543; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst9100543 - 21 Oct 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4557
Abstract
In-plane electro-optical switching (IPS) is a natural feature of a conventional planar-aligned display cell based on the deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal effect (DHFLC-effect) with a sub-wavelength helix pitch, if the tilt angle is close to 40 degrees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals)
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13 pages, 2567 KiB  
Article
Dielectric Properties of Chiral Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Compounds with Three Aromatic Rings Connected by Ester Groups
by Malay Kumar Das, Barnali Barman, Banani Das, Věra Hamplová and Alexey Bubnov
Crystals 2019, 9(9), 473; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst9090473 - 10 Sep 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3196
Abstract
The tilted ferroelectric SmC* phase of three structurally different series having three aromatic rings in the core structure connected by ester groups with different end alkyl chain lengths, all of which are derived from lactic acid, have been observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. [...] Read more.
The tilted ferroelectric SmC* phase of three structurally different series having three aromatic rings in the core structure connected by ester groups with different end alkyl chain lengths, all of which are derived from lactic acid, have been observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Introduction of structural variations within the liquid crystalline compounds has led to the formation of chiral nematic N*, or the paraelectric orthogonal SmA* phase at higher temperatures. The dielectric spectra strongly depend both on the temperature as well as the specific molecular structure of the self-assembling compounds possessing the ferroelectric polar order. The results reveal a strong Goldstone mode in the ferroelectric SmC* phase with ~kHz relaxation frequency. In the SmC* phase, the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity increase up to certain temperature near the SmC*-N*/SmA* transition and then decrease with increasing temperature, perhaps due to the disruption of the molecular domains at the onset of the SmA*/N* phase transition. The dielectric strength attains a maximum value in the SmC* phase and then decreases near the SmA*/N* phase transition. The dielectric strength is also influenced by the lengths of the alkyl chain and the nature of the connecting unit of the constituent molecules. The relaxation time and the relaxation frequency are found to vary with the molecular structure of the studied ferroelectric compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals)
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10 pages, 2170 KiB  
Article
Fast Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Based Optical Switch: Simulation and Experiments
by Sithara P. Sreenilayam, Dermot Brabazon and Yuri P. Panarin
Crystals 2019, 9(8), 388; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst9080388 - 28 Jul 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3136
Abstract
The present work explains simulation and experimental investigation of the most significant performance parameters of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) optical switch. The measurements were carried out with commercially available FLC mixture (θ = 22.5°), having a very fast response time within [...] Read more.
The present work explains simulation and experimental investigation of the most significant performance parameters of a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) optical switch. The measurements were carried out with commercially available FLC mixture (θ = 22.5°), having a very fast response time within the range of 1–10 μs. The best achieved cross talk was ~19 dB, which is an exact match with the theoretical result. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Liquid Crystals)
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