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Crystals
Special Issues
Crystalizations in Cementitous Composites
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Crystalizations in Cementitous Composites

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Inorganic Crystalline Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 3204

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nima Farzadnia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Interests: characterization of micromechanical, microstructural, and chemical properties of cementitious materials and alternative binders; carbon dioxide sequestrating systems; smart materials; nanotechnology in construction
Dr. Bin Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Interests: nuclear waste disposal; solidification/stabilization of radionuclides; cements; zeolites; LDHs; Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides; clays; granite; redox reactions; atomic structure refinement; synchrotron-based XAS
Dr. Heeyoung Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, 309-1 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
Interests: carbon materials based on nanotechnology; advanced maintenance system of old structures; maintenance and rehabilitation of civil structures; composite materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xu Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: high performance concrete; alkali-activated materials; marine concrete

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the most consumed and thus important construction material on the planet, which largely impacts the whole biosphere. Various alternative cements, in addition to the OPC, are under or already developed, such as blended cements with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), alkali-activated cements, sulfoaluminate cements, magnesia cement, and so on to apply to various engineering requirements and/or to reduce the worldwide man-made CO2 footprint caused by cement production. Upon hydration or activation, various nano-crystalline (e.g., calcium or magnesium (alumino)silicate hydrates) and well-crystalline solids (e.g., AFm phases, ettringites, and hydrogarnets) will form. In addition, hydrated cement is thermodynamically unstable, and it continuously changes (e.g., delayed ettringite formation), interacts with the external environments (e.g., sulphate and chloride attacks), and degrades (e.g., to secondary minerals of zeolite and hydrotalcite) with time. The internally occurring crystallization processes also affect the durability and serving age of concrete. For instance, the crystalline products from alkali silica reaction (ASR) lead to concrete expansion and deterioration worldwide. The complexity of cementitious composites and the continuous crystallization processes is raising huge attention from both scientific and engineer communities.

Therefore, a Special Issue on Crystallizations in Cementitious Composites can be under consideration, which aims to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum covering broad aspects of phase assemblages of non-traditional binders, crystallization process, structure characterization, microstructure development as well as fabrication, structural design, durability, degradation, of cementitious composites.

 

Dr. Nima Farzadnia
Dr. Bin Ma
Dr. Heeyoung Lee
Prof. Dr. Xu Gao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Crystals in cementitious composites
  • Binder design
  • Crystallization/hydration process
  • Alternative binders
  • Supplementary cementitious materials
  • Alkali-activated materials
  • Crystalline phase induced degradation
  • Functional crystals in cementitious materials

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7877 KiB  
Article
Study of Microstructure, Crystallographic Phases and Setting Time Evolution over Time of Portland Cement, Coarse Silica Fume, and Limestone (PC-SF-LS) Ternary Portland Cements
by Esperanza Menéndez, Miguel Ángel Sanjuán and Hairon Recino
Crystals 2023, 13(8), 1289; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst13081289 - 21 Aug 2023
Viewed by 944
Abstract
The use of silica fume as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement provides a wide variety of benefits, such as reduced pressure on natural resources, reduced CO2 footprint, and improved mechanical and durability properties. The formation of more stable crystallographic phases [...] Read more.
The use of silica fume as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement provides a wide variety of benefits, such as reduced pressure on natural resources, reduced CO2 footprint, and improved mechanical and durability properties. The formation of more stable crystallographic phases in the hardened cement paste can promote resistance to concrete attacks. However, using coarse silica fume may result in lower expenses and shorter workdays. In this work, coarse silica fume was used as a partial replacement of cement, by weight, at 3%, 5%, and 7%, and it was used as limestone filler at different particle sizes. The size of coarse silica fume used was 238 μm. The microstructural, compositional analysis, and crystalline phase content of mixed cements at different ages were evaluated. The addition of coarse silica fume and limestone promoted pore refinement of the composites and increased the calcium and silica content. The filling effect of fine limestone and coarse silica fume particles, as well as the formation of CSH gel, was found to be the main reason for the densified microstructure. The contributions of combined coarse silica fume and limestone improve the stability of CSH gels and pozzolanic reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystalizations in Cementitous Composites)
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10 pages, 4172 KiB  
Article
Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Multi-Component Blend Binders for CO2 Reduction
by Yong Jic Kim
Crystals 2022, 12(6), 864; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12060864 - 19 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
This paper aims to reduce the quantity of cement used by up to 80% by utilizing industrial by-products. By reducing the amount of cement used, there is an effect of reducing CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing. To reduce the amount of cement [...] Read more.
This paper aims to reduce the quantity of cement used by up to 80% by utilizing industrial by-products. By reducing the amount of cement used, there is an effect of reducing CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing. To reduce the amount of cement used, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBF), fly-ash (FA), and calcium carbonate (CC) were used as substitute materials for cement. CC is a by-product, discharged by collecting CO2 emitted from a coal-fired power plant and reacting with additives. The specific surface area and the average particle size of CC used are 12,239 cm2/g and 5.9 μm (D50), respectively. The viscosity of pastes that contained GGFF and FA decreased by up to 51 and 49% respectively compared to the use of only cement (OPC) paste. However, paste using with CC increased up to 23% in relation to plain. As a result of measuring slump flow, segregation resistance ability, and filling ability to evaluate construction performance, slump flow was reduced by up to 3% (G40F10C30) in relation to plain concrete. Segregation resistance ability of fresh concrete using, GGBF (15, 30, and 45%), FA (10, 20, and 30%), CC (10, 20, and 30%), the time it takes for the slump flow to reach 500 mm, time it takes to through the V-funnel showed a decreasing tendency as the usage of FA increased. However, CC increased with increasing mixing ratio. This trend is, the viscosity increase when CC was mixed in terms of rheology. Filling ability of fresh concrete using GGBF (15, 30, and 45%), FA (10, 20, and 30%) and CC (10, 20, and 30%), the criteria were met, and the average increase was 16% and the maximum was 20% in relation to plain concrete. In the case of compressive strength, the compressive strength at 1 day was found to be an average of 5 MPa when 80% of the cementitious was substituted. At 3 days, at least 8 MPa was measured. The compressive strength at 28 days showed a tendency to decrease as the mixing rate of CC increased, but was measured to be at least 34 MPa. The relationship between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength or elastic modulus at 28 days satisfies the standard range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystalizations in Cementitous Composites)
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