Research

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10 pages, 3366 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Destructive Analysis of a High-Power Capacitor Using High-Energy X-ray Compton Scattering

by Kosuke Suzuki, Kodai Takano, Shunta Suzuki, Hirotaka Hanawa, Naruki Tsuji, Tomoya Ando, Kazushi Hoshi, Yoshihiro Minato, Shuichi Ishimoto, Yoshiharu Sakurai and Hiroshi Sakurai

Crystals 2022, 12(6), 824; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12060824 - 10 Jun 2022

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Abstract

Changes in the internal state of a high-power capacitor during progressive charge–discharge cycling were measured non-destructively using high-energy synchrotron X-ray Compton scattering. The stacked structure of a laminated capacitor was clearly indicated by a Compton scattered X-ray intensity analysis and a line shape [...] Read more.

Changes in the internal state of a high-power capacitor during progressive charge–discharge cycling were measured non-destructively using high-energy synchrotron X-ray Compton scattering. The stacked structure of a laminated capacitor was clearly indicated by a Compton scattered X-ray intensity analysis and a line shape (S-parameter) analysis of a Compton scattered X-ray energy spectrum. Moreover, apparent differences in the progress of charge and discharge cycles were observed in the correlation between Compton scattered X-ray intensities and S-parameters obtained from the center and edge positions within the in-plane of the electrode. This difference in the correlation was obtained from the shifting of the stacked structure at the edge position, induced by the drift of the electrolyte material within the capacitor cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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8 pages, 2670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Symmetry of Wavefunction at the Interface of Fe/MgO Magnetic Tunneling Junction

by Hiroshi Sakurai, Manabu Takahashi, Kosuke Suzuki, Takuro Tamura, Satoshi Homma, Naruki Tsuji and Yoshiharu Sakurai

Crystals 2022, 12(5), 690; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12050690 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1243

Abstract

We measured the anisotropy of Magnetic Compton profiles (MCP) in the Fe/MgO multilayers and compared it with band structure calculations. At the Fe/MgO interface, the |m| = 1 state in the minority band is suppressed, which in turn promotes the spin-polarized [...] Read more.

We measured the anisotropy of Magnetic Compton profiles (MCP) in the Fe/MgO multilayers and compared it with band structure calculations. At the Fe/MgO interface, the |m| = 1 state in the minority band is suppressed, which in turn promotes the spin-polarized occupation of the |m| = 1 state. At the Fe/FeO interface of intentionally oxidized Fe/MgO multilayers, the occupations of the magnetic quantum number are almost equal (spherical) in the majority band and minority band, and therefore, the spin-polarization occupancy is also almost equal (spherical). These results contribute to the material design for MTJs as high-performance spintronic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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8 pages, 1901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Temperature and Chemical Reaction Distribution of a Laminar Diffusion Flame Measured by X-ray Compton Scattering

by Hiroshi Sakurai, Naruki Tsuji, Yoshio Zama, Kosuke Suzuki, Kazushi Hoshi, Daisuke Hiramoto, Yoshiharu Sakurai and Tomohiko Furuhata

Crystals 2021, 11(7), 787; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11070787 - 06 Jul 2021

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Abstract

A laminar diffusion flame was measured by X-ray Compton scattering. The temperature distribution was measured from an analysis of Compton scattered X-ray intensity. The chemical state distribution was obtained from a Compton scattered X-ray spectrum analysis (s-parameter analysis). The analysis of intensity and [...] Read more.

A laminar diffusion flame was measured by X-ray Compton scattering. The temperature distribution was measured from an analysis of Compton scattered X-ray intensity. The chemical state distribution was obtained from a Compton scattered X-ray spectrum analysis (s-parameter analysis). The analysis of intensity and s-parameter of Compton scattered X-ray spectra indicate that the propane molecule emitted from the cylindrical Bunsen burner collapse immediately coincides with soot generation. Furthermore, the temperature increases up to 1500 K and a large amount of CO₂ was generated at the combustion field. Our results show that the Compton scattered X-ray analysis can be a novel nondestructive measurement for temperature and chemical states in a combustion reaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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6 pages, 1660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect on Compton Scattering Spectra by Hermite–Gaussian Light

by Akane Agui, Hiroshi Sakurai, Naruki Tsuji, Haruka Ito and Kiyofumi Nitta

Crystals 2021, 11(6), 650; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11060650 - 08 Jun 2021

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Abstract

In this study, we measured the Compton scattering spectra of Al, Ag and Au metals changing the harmonic order of X-rays from an undulator. The width of the Compton scattered X-ray spectrum changed depending on the harmonic order of X-rays. This indicates that [...] Read more.

In this study, we measured the Compton scattering spectra of Al, Ag and Au metals changing the harmonic order of X-rays from an undulator. The width of the Compton scattered X-ray spectrum changed depending on the harmonic order of X-rays. This indicates that Compton scattering spectra shape reflects a momentum perpendicular to the traveling direction in Hermite–Gaussian (HG) light. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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14 pages, 732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Reconstruction Strategy for Compton Scattering Tomography with Scintillation Crystals

by Lorenz Kuger and Gael Rigaud

Crystals 2021, 11(6), 641; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11060641 - 04 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

The recent development of energy-resolved scintillation crystals opens the way to build novel imaging concepts based on the variable energy. Among them, Compton scattering tomography (CST) is one of the most ambitious concepts. Akin to Computerized Tomography (CT), it consists in probing the [...] Read more.

The recent development of energy-resolved scintillation crystals opens the way to build novel imaging concepts based on the variable energy. Among them, Compton scattering tomography (CST) is one of the most ambitious concepts. Akin to Computerized Tomography (CT), it consists in probing the attenuation map of an object of interest using external ionizing sources but strives to exploit the scattered radiation as an imaging agent. For medical applications, the scattered radiation represents 70 to 80% when the energy of the source is larger than 100 keV and results from the Compton effect. This phenomenon stands for the collision of a photon with an electron and rules the change of course and loss of energy undergone by the photon. In this article, we propose a modeling for the scattered radiation assuming polychromatic sources such as 60Co and scintillation crystals such as LBC:Ce. Further, we design a general strategy for reconstructing the electron density of the target specimen. Our results are illustrated for toy objects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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Graphical abstract

7 pages, 411 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Compton Scattering on Sr-Doped LaCoO₃

by Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Naruki Tsuji and Yoshiharu Sakurai

Crystals 2021, 11(6), 577; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11060577 - 21 May 2021

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Abstract

We carried out magnetic Compton scattering experiments on the Sr-doped perovskite cobaltite La_1−xSrxCoO₃ for the paramagnetic insulator (x = 0.1) and the ferromagnetic metallic (x = 0.3) phases in order to investigate the electron-orbital state [...] Read more.

We carried out magnetic Compton scattering experiments on the Sr-doped perovskite cobaltite La_1−xSrxCoO₃ for the paramagnetic insulator (x = 0.1) and the ferromagnetic metallic (x = 0.3) phases in order to investigate the electron-orbital state relevant to its unusual magnetic and electronic transport properties. The ratio of the orbital moments to the spin moments (M_orbital/M_spin) is less than 1/10 at low temperatures for x = 0.3, whereas M_orbital/M_spin is about 0.4 almost independent of temperature for x = 0.1. The shape of J_mag(p_z) shows no apparent difference between the paramagnetic insulator and the ferromagnetic metallic phases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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9 pages, 1343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Signatures of the Carrier Envelope Phase in Nonlinear Thomson Scattering

by Marcel Ruijter, Vittoria Petrillo, Thomas C. Teter, Maksim Valialshchikov and Sergey Rykovanov

Crystals 2021, 11(5), 528; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11050528 - 10 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1657

Abstract

High-energy radiation can be generated by colliding a relativistic electron bunch with a high-intensity laser pulse—a process known as Thomson scattering. In the nonlinear regime the emitted radiation contains harmonics. For a laser pulse whose length is comparable to its wavelength, the carrier [...] Read more.

High-energy radiation can be generated by colliding a relativistic electron bunch with a high-intensity laser pulse—a process known as Thomson scattering. In the nonlinear regime the emitted radiation contains harmonics. For a laser pulse whose length is comparable to its wavelength, the carrier envelope phase changes the behavior of the motion of the electron and therefore the radiation spectrum. Here we show theoretically and numerically the dependency of the spectrum on the intensity of the laser and the carrier envelope phase. Additionally, we also discuss what experimental parameters are required to measure the effects for a beamed pulse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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12 pages, 7255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calcite Nanocrystals Investigated Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

by Varsha Singh, Anil Kumar Paidi, Cheol-Hwee Shim, So-Hee Kim, Sung-Ok Won, Jitendra Pal Singh, Sangsul Lee and Keun-Hwa Chae

Crystals 2021, 11(5), 490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11050490 - 27 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1963

Abstract

For the present work, calcite nanocrystals were grown by annealing precursors at 500 °C. These precursors were obtained by three different thermal schemes. Among these schemes, two involve heating at 100 °C for 16 h and 16 + 24 h, respectively. In the [...] Read more.

For the present work, calcite nanocrystals were grown by annealing precursors at 500 °C. These precursors were obtained by three different thermal schemes. Among these schemes, two involve heating at 100 °C for 16 h and 16 + 24 h, respectively. In the third scheme, heating was performed at 100 °C for 16 h, followed by annealing at 300 °C for 24 h. X-ray diffraction studies, followed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies, exhibited the formation of calcite phase of calcium carbonate. Transmission electron microscopy showed that particle sizes of synthesized calcite nanocrystals were in the range of 25–40 nm. Onsets of shape change were also observed with different thermal schemes, using these measurements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy envisaged that the coordination numbers of Ca-O and Ca-Ca shell were not influenced by the thermal schemes; however, bond lengths of these shells were modified. This study in the near edge region evidenced the manifestation of a local electronic structure of calcite when kept in an open environment, depending upon different thermal schemes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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9 pages, 832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Usage of Tapered Undulators in the Measurement of Interference in the Intensity-Dependent Electron Mass Shift

by Maksim A. Valialshchikov, Marcel Ruijter and Sergey G. Rykovanov

Crystals 2021, 11(5), 486; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11050486 - 26 Apr 2021

Viewed by 1608

Abstract

In nonlinear Thomson scattering, the main emission line and its harmonics form a band-like structure due to the laser pulse shape induced ponderomotive broadening. We propose to use tapered undulators to mimic Thomson scattering and measure the intensity-dependent electron mass shift experimentally. We [...] Read more.

In nonlinear Thomson scattering, the main emission line and its harmonics form a band-like structure due to the laser pulse shape induced ponderomotive broadening. We propose to use tapered undulators to mimic Thomson scattering and measure the intensity-dependent electron mass shift experimentally. We also numerically show that the effect is observable for realistic electron beams like in DESY or SKIF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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Review

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21 pages, 746 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Overview of the Compton Scattering Calculation

by Chen-Kai Qiao, Jian-Wei Wei and Lin Chen

Crystals 2021, 11(5), 525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11050525 - 10 May 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 13243

Abstract

The Compton scattering process plays significant roles in atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics and material science. It could provide useful information on the electromagnetic interaction between light and matter. Several aspects of many-body physics, such us electronic structures, electron [...] Read more.

The Compton scattering process plays significant roles in atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics and material science. It could provide useful information on the electromagnetic interaction between light and matter. Several aspects of many-body physics, such us electronic structures, electron momentum distributions, many-body interactions of bound electrons, etc., can be revealed by Compton scattering experiments. In this work, we give a review of ab initio calculation of Compton scattering process. Several approaches, including the free electron approximation (FEA), impulse approximation (IA), incoherent scattering function/incoherent scattering factor (ISF) and scattering matrix (SM) are focused on in this work. The main features and available ranges for these approaches are discussed. Furthermore, we also briefly introduce the databases and applications for Compton scattering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)

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