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Crystals
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Frontiers of Intermetallic Compounds
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Frontiers of Intermetallic Compounds

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 6796

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tibor Berecz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: materials science; material testing; phase transformations; stainless steels; microstructure examination
Prof. Dr. István Mészáros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: materials science; material testing; magnetic materials and measurements; electromagnetic material testing; nondestructive testing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intermetallic compounds are crystalline structures consisting of two or more metallic or semi metallic elements, usually with a specific stoichiometric ratio. They are generally hard and brittle materials with high melting point. The intermetallic compounds can have useful magnetic, semiconducting or chemical characteristics due to their complex microstructure that cannot be achieved by ordinary metals and alloys. Therefore, intermetallic compounds can be found in some important engineering applications, such as magnetic materials, super- and semiconductors, hydrogen absorbing alloys, hard metals and structural materials as well. However, in certain cases, presence of intermetallic phases are undesirable: their formation can cause serious problems, e. g. Al-Au intermetallic in microelectronics devices or intermetallic precipitations in stainless steels. Papers are invited dealing with the science and engineering of intermetallic compounds with the following aspects for better understanding of the structure, property, and functionality of them: - microstructural characterization with different, novel and / or conventional methods to study the relationship between properties and structure; - engineering applications of intermetallic compounds based on certain favourable properties; - effects of intermetallic precipitations on the structure, property, and functionality of a structural alloy. Metallic glasses and high entropy alloys are not included into the scope of this special issue.

Dr. Tibor Berecz
Prof. Dr. István Mészáros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stainless steels
  • magnetic materials
  • superconductors
  • semiconductors
  • hydrogen absorbing alloys
  • hard metals
  • precipitation strengthening.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7158 KiB  
Article
Intermetallic Compounds Formation during 316L Stainless Steel Reaction with Al-Zn-Si Coating Alloy
by Abdul Khaliq, Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi, Mohamed Ramadan, Tayyab Subhani, Wajdi Rajhi, Waseem Haider and Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 735; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12050735 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2834
Abstract
Steel products are coated with Aluminum (Al) and Zinc (Zn) alloys to improve their corrosion properties. Bulk steel products are coated in batches; however, steel sheets are coated by a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process. Steel sheets are guided into and out of the [...] Read more.
Steel products are coated with Aluminum (Al) and Zinc (Zn) alloys to improve their corrosion properties. Bulk steel products are coated in batches; however, steel sheets are coated by a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process. Steel sheets are guided into and out of the molten Al-Zn-Si (AZ) bath with the help of stainless-steel rolls, known as guiding, and sink rolls. These rolls are subjected to excessive surface corrosion with molten AZ bath and, hence, are replaced frequently. The surface deterioration of the immersed rolls has been a long-standing issue in the galvanizing industry. In this study, 316L stainless-steel (SS) rods are immersed in the AZ alloy at 600 °C. The immersion time varied from 1 day to 7 days under the static melt conditions in the iron (Fe)-saturated AZ bath. Microstructural analysis of the immersed SS samples revealed two distinct intermetallic compound (IMC) layers forming between the SS substrate and AZ alloy. The IMC layer 1 (AL-1) formed between the SS substrate and IMC layer 2 (AL-2), growing in thickness from 68 µm to 120 µm within 5 days of immersion. The AL-2, which formed between AL-1 and AZ alloy after 24 h of immersion, then grew in thickness up to 150 µm with an uneven trend. The AL-1 is composed of Fe2Al5 and that of AL-2 is composed of FeAl3 that were predicted by the FactSage thermodynamic analysis. Crack development between AL-1 and AL-2 layers, and disintegration of AL-2 into the AZ bath, are key findings of this study. A drastic hardness increase was observed because the IMC layers produce a hard and brittle sink roll surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers of Intermetallic Compounds)
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8 pages, 2876 KiB  
Article
Envelope Function Analysis of Quasicrystals
by Radosław Strzałka, Łukasz Chuchra and Janusz Wolny
Crystals 2022, 12(4), 536; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12040536 - 11 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1483
Abstract
Quasicrystals have attracted a growing interest in material science because of their unique properties and applications. Proper determination of the atomic structure is important in designing a useful application of these materials, for which a difficult phase problem of the structure factor must [...] Read more.
Quasicrystals have attracted a growing interest in material science because of their unique properties and applications. Proper determination of the atomic structure is important in designing a useful application of these materials, for which a difficult phase problem of the structure factor must be solved. Diffraction patterns of quasicrystals consist of a periodic series of peaks, which can be reduced to a single envelope. Knowing the distribution of the diffraction image into series, it is possible to recover information about the phase of the structure factor without using time-consuming iterative methods. By the inverse Fourier transform, the structure factor can be obtained (enclosed in the shape of the average unit cell, or atomic surface) directly from the diffraction patterns. The method based on envelope function analysis was discussed in detail for a model 1D (Fibonacci chain) and 2D (Penrose tiling) quasicrystal. First attempts to apply this technique to a real Al-Cu-Rh decagonal quasicrystal were also made. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers of Intermetallic Compounds)
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10 pages, 4570 KiB  
Article
Magnetic and Thermoelectric Detection of Sigma Phase in 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel
by István Mészáros, Bálint Bögre and Péter János Szabó
Crystals 2022, 12(4), 527; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst12040527 - 10 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1960
Abstract
Duplex stainless steel has significantly broadened the range of applications of stainless steel. They have a dual-phase microstructure containing ferrite and austenite at approximately a 50–50% phase ratio. Their corrosion resistance is much better compared to the traditional austenitic stainless steel, especially in [...] Read more.
Duplex stainless steel has significantly broadened the range of applications of stainless steel. They have a dual-phase microstructure containing ferrite and austenite at approximately a 50–50% phase ratio. Their corrosion resistance is much better compared to the traditional austenitic stainless steel, especially in surroundings containing chloride ion. Moreover, the large stress yield of duplex steels offers significant advantages in structural applications. The ferrite phase in some duplex stainless steels is metastable due to its composition. Consequently, the ferrite can decompose to a secondary austenite and sigma phase due to heat input. The sigma phase is a hard and brittle intermetallic compound phase that significantly deteriorates the mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties of duplex stainless steel. The embrittlement can cause a safety risk in industrial applications. This paper is a preliminary study to investigate what physical properties can be used to obtain information on sigma-phase-induced embrittlement. In this work, the effect of plastic deformation and heat treatment was studied in the appearance of the sigma phase in 2507 duplex stainless steel. Magnetic saturation polarization and thermoelectric power measurements were used to monitor the microstructural changes due to cold rolling and heat treatment. It was found that the magnetic saturation polarization and thermoelectric power measurements can be effective tools for monitoring the sigma-phase formation in duplex stainless steels due to heat input. Their application helps to prevent the embrittlement problems caused by the sigma-phase formation in duplex stainless steel structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers of Intermetallic Compounds)
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