Totally Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion after Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Surgical Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 8724

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
Interests: muscle-invasive bladder cancer; prostate cancer; oligometastasis; robot-assisted surgery; intracorporeal urinary diversion; ileal neobladder; ileal conduit
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Dear Colleagues,

Radical cystectomy (RC) remains the gold standard of treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Minimally invasive surgical techniques have been widely used in a variety of surgical procedures. Of all of them, robot-assisted RC (RARC) has technical advantages over laparoscopic RC and emerged as a better alternative to open RC due to its possible reduction in estimated blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and quicker recovery of bowel function.

Although robotic surgery has advanced, experience in total intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD), including intracorporeal ileal conduit or neobladder reconstruction, remains limited. Most surgeons have performed the hybrid approach of RARC and extracorporeal urinary diversion since ICUD remains technically challenging. Although ICUD may have several potential advantages, the adoption of ICNB has been limited to high-volume academic institutions.

This Special Issue aims to summarize the utility and safety of RARC followed by totally ICUD in patients with MIBC at the authors’ institutions, especially focusing on perioperative morbidities and oncological outcomes.

Dr. Takuya Koie
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • robot-assisted radical cystectomy
  • intracorporeal urinary diversion
  • muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • ileal conduit
  • ileal neobladder

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1214 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Safety of the “Trisection Method” Training System for Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy at a Single Institution in Japan
by Keita Nakane, Toyohiro Yamada, Risa Tomioka-Inagawa, Fumiya Sugino, Naotaka Kumada, Makoto Kawase, Shinichi Takeuchi, Kota Kawase, Daiki Kato, Manabu Takai, Koji Iinuma and Takuya Koie
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(12), 9294-9304; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/curroncol29120728 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1435
Abstract
To maintain a surgeon’s concentration, reduce fatigue, and train young surgeons, surgical procedures for bladder cancer are divided into the following parts: robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), bowel reconstruction, and totally intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) (RARC+ICUD). Each part is performed by a different surgeon [...] Read more.
To maintain a surgeon’s concentration, reduce fatigue, and train young surgeons, surgical procedures for bladder cancer are divided into the following parts: robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), bowel reconstruction, and totally intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) (RARC+ICUD). Each part is performed by a different surgeon (Trisection method). We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of this approach at a single institution in Japan. One hundred consecutive patients who underwent RARC+ICUD at Gifu University Hospital between November 2018 and August 2022 were included in this study. The patient background, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications were compared between surgeries by first-, second-, and third-generation surgeons. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between surgeries by each generation. Of the 100 patients, 19, 38, and 43 RARCs were performed by first-, second-, and third-generation surgeons, respectively. There were 35, 25, and 39 patients who underwent ileal conduit, neobladder, and ureterocutaneostomy, respectively. No significant differences were found among the patients respective to the type of ICUDs. Although the first-generation surgeon had a significantly shorter operative time with RARC, the surgical time for bowel reconstruction, length of hospital stays, and incidence of postoperative complications were not significantly different among the groups. Additionally, OS and RFS did not differ significantly among the generations. The “Trisection method” is an effective and safe concept with no difference in outcomes between the generations of surgeons. Full article
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12 pages, 1743 KiB  
Article
Association between Ureteral Clamping Time and Acute Kidney Injury during Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy
by Yudai Ishiyama, Tsunenori Kondo, Hiroki Ishihara, Kazuhiko Yoshida, Junpei Iizuka, Kazunari Tanabe and Toshio Takagi
Curr. Oncol. 2021, 28(6), 4986-4997; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/curroncol28060418 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2595
Abstract
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is replacing open radical cystectomy (ORC) and requires clamping of the ureters, resulting in a predisposition to postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated the association between ureteral clamping or its duration and acute/chronic postoperative kidney function. Patients who [...] Read more.
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is replacing open radical cystectomy (ORC) and requires clamping of the ureters, resulting in a predisposition to postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated the association between ureteral clamping or its duration and acute/chronic postoperative kidney function. Patients who underwent radical cystectomy (robotic or open) at two tertiary institutions during 2002–2021 were retrospectively enrolled. In those who underwent RARC, the maximum postoperative percentage serum creatinine level (%sCre) change was plotted against ureteral clamping duration. They were divided into two groups using the median clamping time (210 min), and the maximum %sCre change and percentage estimated glomerular filtration rate (%eGFR) change at 3–6 months (chronic) were compared between the ORC (no clamp), RARC < 210, and RARC ≥ 210 groups. In 44 RARC patients, a weak correlation was observed between the duration of ureteral clamping and %Cre change (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.001). Baseline serum creatinine levels were comparable between the groups. However, %sCre change was significantly larger in the RARC ≥ 210 group (N = 17, +32.1%) than those in the RARC < 210 (N = 27, +6.1%) and ORC (N = 76, +9.5%) groups (both, p < 0.001). Chronic %eGFR change was comparable between the groups. Longer clamping of the ureter during RARC may precipitate AKI; therefore, the clamping duration should be minimized. Full article
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Review

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9 pages, 452 KiB  
Review
Incidence, Etiology, Prevention and Management of Ureteroenteric Strictures after Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: A Review of Published Evidence and Personal Experience
by Shintaro Narita, Mitsuru Saito, Kazuyuki Numakura and Tomonori Habuchi
Curr. Oncol. 2021, 28(5), 4109-4117; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/curroncol28050348 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
Benign ureteroenteric anastomosis strictures (UESs) are one of many critical complications that may cause irreversible disability following robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Previous studies have shown that the incidence rates of UES after RARC can reach 25.3%, with RARC having higher UES incidence rates [...] Read more.
Benign ureteroenteric anastomosis strictures (UESs) are one of many critical complications that may cause irreversible disability following robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Previous studies have shown that the incidence rates of UES after RARC can reach 25.3%, with RARC having higher UES incidence rates compared to open radical cystectomy. Various known and unknown factors are involved in the occurrence of UES. To minimize the incidence of UES after RARC, our group has standardized the procedure and technique for intracorporeal urinary diversion by applying the following five strategies: (1) wide delicate dissection of the ureter and preservation of the periureteral tissues; (2) gentle handling of the ureter and security of periureteral tissues at the anastomotic site; (3) use of indocyanine green to confirm good blood supply; (4) standardization of the ample ureteral spatulation length for Wallace ureteroenteric anastomosis through objective measurements; and (5) development of an institutional standardized procedure manual. This review focused on the incidence, etiology, prevention, and management of UES after RARC to bring attention to the incidence of this complication while also proposing standardized surgical procedures to minimize its incidence after RARC. Full article
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Other

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8 pages, 1634 KiB  
Case Report
Successful Multidisciplinary Repair of Severe Bilateral Uretero-Enteric Stricture with Inflammatory Reaction Extending to the Left Iliac Artery, after Robotic Radical Cystectomy and Intracorporeal Ileal Neobladder
by Mariangela Mancini, Alex Anh Ly Nguyen, Alessandra Taverna, Paolo Beltrami, Filiberto Zattoni and Fabrizio Dal Moro
Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(1), 155-162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/curroncol29010014 - 29 Dec 2021
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Abstract
Uretero-enteric anastomotic strictures (UES) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) represent the main cause of post-operative renal dysfunction. The gold standard for treatment of UES is open uretero-ileal reimplantation (UIR), which is often a challenging and complex procedure associated with significant morbidity. We report [...] Read more.
Uretero-enteric anastomotic strictures (UES) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) represent the main cause of post-operative renal dysfunction. The gold standard for treatment of UES is open uretero-ileal reimplantation (UIR), which is often a challenging and complex procedure associated with significant morbidity. We report a challenging case of long severe bilateral UES (5 cm on the left side, 3 cm on the right side) after RARC in a 55 years old male patient who was previously treated in another institution and who came to our attention with kidney dysfunction and bilateral ureteral stents from the previous two years. Difficult multiple ureteral stent placement and substitutions had been previously performed in another hospital, with resulting urinary leakage. An open surgical procedure via an anterior transperitoneal approach was performed at our hospital, which took 10 h to complete, given the massive intestinal and periureteral adhesions, which required very meticulous dissection. A vascular surgeon was called to repair an accidental rupture that had occurred during the dissection of the external left iliac artery, involved in the extensive periureteral inflammatory process. Excision of a segment of the external iliac artery was accomplished, and an interposition graft using a reversed saphenous vein was performed. Bilateral ureteroneocystostomy followed, which required, on the left side, the interposition of a Casati-Boari flap harvested from the neobladder, and on the right side a neobladder-psoas-hitching procedure with intramucosal direct ureteral reimplantation. The patient recovered well and is currently in good health, as determined at his recent 24-month follow-up visit. No signs of relapse of the strictures or other complications were detected. Bilateral ureteral reimplantation after robotic radical cystectomy is a complex procedure that should be restricted to high-volume centers, where multidisciplinary teams are available, including urologists, endourologists, and general and vascular surgeons. Full article
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