Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the third leading cause of oncology-related death in men in the high-income countries. Curative therapy for PCa is surgical radical prostatectomy and/or local radiation therapy; however, approximately 5% to 20% of men will continue to have detectable or persistent levels of the tumor marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after primary treatment, and 27% to 53% will develop a PSA increase 5 years later in terms of biochemical recurrence.

Depending on tumor stage, the 5-year survival rate for these patients varies from 100% in early tumor stage to only 30% in patients with advanced cancer. Therefore, it is important to detect and accurately assess the stage of the disease as early as possible.

In this respect, prostate-specific membrane antigen (abbreviated as PSMA), which is normally expressed in all types of prostate tissue, including inflammatory, benign, and malignant prostate tissue, has recently become the focus of research. Their levels in patients with PCa and especially those with aggressive types and metastatic as well as castration-resistant PCa increase up to 1000-fold their normal levels and negatively correlate with androgen levels. Thus, these receptors are an exceptionally attractive theranostics molecule for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate tumor and its related metastases. They have subsequently emerged as the target of numerous diagnostic and therapeutic studies, highlighting the critical role of these receptors in the further therapeutic management of patients with prostate cancer.

Dear colleagues, I look forward to your interesting contributions and your valuable experiences with PSMA in the field of PCa.

Dr. Sazan Rasul
Collection Editor

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• prostate cancer
• prostate-specific membrane antigen
• tumor staging
• PET-CT/MRI
• theranostics