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Diagnostics
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2022) | Viewed by 13102

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yei-Tsung Chen

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
2. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Interests: noncoding RNAs; cardiovascular diseases; neurological diseases; genomic medicine; translational research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An increasing number of studies have shown that various RNA molecules have the potential to serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of diseases. The discovery of the RNA signatures in different diseases has broken new ground in developing diagnostic criteria and putative therapy.

For this Special Issue, we invite investigators from different disciplines to contribute original research articles and/or reviews that aim to address the putative applications of RNA species in the field of human diseases. Studies highlighting molecular mechanisms, as well as therapeutic interventions, will be welcome.

This Special Issue aims to enhance our knowledge of the roles that different RNAs play in diseases and facilitate the development of putative diagnostic and therapeutic methods in the near future.

Dr. Yei-Tsung Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • heart failure
  • coding RNAs
  • noncoding RNAs
  • therapeutic interventions
  • diagnostic markers

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4193 KiB  
Article
Increased Expression of Pyroptosis in Leukocytes of Patients with Kawasaki Disease
by Kuang-Che Kuo, Ya-Ling Yang, Mao-Hung Lo, Xin-Yuan Cai, Mindy Ming-Huey Guo, Ho-Chang Kuo and Ying-Hsien Huang
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 2035; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11112035 - 03 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of febrile vasculitis that primarily occurs in children. It can cause inflammation of the coronary arteries, which leads to aneurysms. The pathogenesis of coronary arteries may be associated with apoptosis or pyroptosis mediated by caspases activity, [...] Read more.
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a form of febrile vasculitis that primarily occurs in children. It can cause inflammation of the coronary arteries, which leads to aneurysms. The pathogenesis of coronary arteries may be associated with apoptosis or pyroptosis mediated by caspases activity, but this idea has not been discussed much in KD. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 236 participants in this study. In the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 study, there were 18 KD patients analyzed prior to receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, and 36 non-KD control subjects. We also recruited 24 KD patients prior to receiving IVIG treatment, at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, and 24 non-KD control subjects for Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip study. A separate cohort of 134 subjects was analyzed to validate real-time quantitative PCR. Results: The mRNA levels of caspase-1, -3, -4, and -5 were significantly increased in KD patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). After administration of IVIG, the expression of these genes decreased considerably. Of particular note, the methylation status of the CpG sites of the caspase-4 and -5 genes demonstrated significant opposite tendencies between the KD patients and controls. Furthermore, compared with patients who responded to IVIG, refractory KD patients had a lower expression of the caspase-3 gene prior to IVIG treatment. Conclusion: Our study is the first to report the upregulation of pyroptotic caspase-1, -4, and -5 in peripheral leukocytes of KD patients. Moreover, the expression of caspase-3 may be associated with IVIG resistance in KD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases)
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Review

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15 pages, 1318 KiB  
Review
N6-methyladenosine Modification of Noncoding RNAs: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Cancer
by Mingyang Ma, Tong Ye, Jiewei Wang, Haiying Zhao, Shutian Zhang, Peng Li and Guiping Zhao
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 2996; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12122996 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1384
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remains the most pivotal epigenetic modification on RNA. As we know, m6A not only affects physiological processes but is also involved in carcinoma. Noncoding RNAs play an indispensable role in the occurrence and development of carcinoma. However, a large amount [...] Read more.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remains the most pivotal epigenetic modification on RNA. As we know, m6A not only affects physiological processes but is also involved in carcinoma. Noncoding RNAs play an indispensable role in the occurrence and development of carcinoma. However, a large amount of research is focused on mRNA currently. Insufficient research has been done on the relationship between noncoding RNA (ncRNA) methylation and cancer. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the theoretical knowledge of m6A modification in noncoding RNA, discuss its function in tumorigenesis and progression, and ultimately summarize its potential clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases)
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21 pages, 1253 KiB  
Review
The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of Circular RNA HIPK3 in Human Diseases
by Yanfei Feng, Zitong Yang, Bodong Lv and Xin Xu
Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2469; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12102469 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1610
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with closed-loop of single-stranded RNA structure. Although most of the circRNAs do not directly encode proteins, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs play a pivotal and complex role in multiple biological processes by regulating gene [...] Read more.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with closed-loop of single-stranded RNA structure. Although most of the circRNAs do not directly encode proteins, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs play a pivotal and complex role in multiple biological processes by regulating gene expression. As one of the most popular circRNAs, circular homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3) has frequently gained the interest of researchers in recent years. Accumulating studies have demonstrated the significant impacts on the occurrence and development of multiple human diseases including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, and others. The present review aims to provide a detailed description of the functions of circHIPK3 and comprehensively overview the diagnostic and therapeutic value of circHIPK3 in these certain diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases)
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24 pages, 1625 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Exosomes in Ischemic Heart Disease—A Narrative Review
by Øystein Røsand and Morten Andre Høydal
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 269; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11020269 - 09 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3379
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the primary cause of death globally. IHD is associated with the disruption of blood supply to the heart muscles, which often results in myocardial infarction (MI) that further may progress to heart failure (HF). Exosomes are a subgroup [...] Read more.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the primary cause of death globally. IHD is associated with the disruption of blood supply to the heart muscles, which often results in myocardial infarction (MI) that further may progress to heart failure (HF). Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by virtually all types of cells, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes represent an important means of cell–cell communication through the transport of proteins, coding and non-coding RNA, and other bioactive molecules. Several studies show that exosomes play an important role in the progression of IHD, including endothelial dysfunction, the development of arterial atherosclerosis, ischemic reperfusion injury, and HF development. Recently, promising data have been shown that designates exosomes as carriers of cardioprotective molecules that enhance the survival of recipient cells undergoing ischemia. In this review, we summarize the functional involvement of exosomes regarding IHD. We also highlight the cardioprotective effects of native and bioengineered exosomes to IHD, as well as the possibility of using exosomes as natural biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed before exosomes can be used in clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases)
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27 pages, 2121 KiB  
Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Cardiovascular Disease Complication of Type 2 Diabetes
by Nurruzanna Ismail, Noraidatulakma Abdullah, Nor Azian Abdul Murad, Rahman Jamal and Siti Aishah Sulaiman
Diagnostics 2021, 11(1), 145; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11010145 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4192
Abstract
The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has opened a new paradigm to use ncRNAs as biomarkers to detect disease progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have garnered the most attention due to their specific cell-origin and their existence in biological fluids. Type 2 diabetes [...] Read more.
The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has opened a new paradigm to use ncRNAs as biomarkers to detect disease progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have garnered the most attention due to their specific cell-origin and their existence in biological fluids. Type 2 diabetes patients will develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications, and CVD remains the top risk factor for mortality. Understanding the lncRNA roles in T2D and CVD conditions will allow the future use of lncRNAs to detect CVD complications before the symptoms appear. This review aimed to discuss the roles of lncRNAs in T2D and CVD conditions and their diagnostic potential as molecular biomarkers for CVD complications in T2D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of RNAs in Human Diseases)
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