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Diagnostics
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Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management
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Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 14990

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ivana Mikolašević

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Gastroenterology, UHC Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
2. Department of Gastroenterology, UH Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: hepatology; nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases; noninvasive methods; endoscopic ultrasound; endohepatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Goran Hauser

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
2. Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka University, Rijeka, Croatia
3. Faculty of Health Studies, Rijeka University, Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: intensive care medicine; gastroenterology; irritable bowel syndrome; IBS; inflammatory bowel disease
Prof. Dr. Nermin Salkic

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Interests: SPSS; quantitative data analysis; data management; statistical analysis; colorectal cancer; liver diseases; epidemiology; gastrointestinal diseases; hepatocellular carcinoma; infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, the global burden of liver disease and cirrhosis has increased. Viral hepatitis remains the most common cause of liver deaths, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most rapidly growing contributor to liver mortality and morbidity. Liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide, one million due to complications of cirrhosis and one million due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With improvements in the management and treatment of viral hepatitis, the burden of liver disease is shifting toward alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD.

About 2 billion people consume alcohol worldwide and upwards of 75 million are diagnosed with alcohol-use disorders and are at risk of alcohol-associated liver disease. Approximately 2 billion adults are obese or overweight and over 400 million have diabetes; both diseases are closely related to NAFLD and consequently to hepatocellular carcinoma.  NAFLD is today the most common chronic liver disease. Drug-induced liver injury continues to increase as a major cause of acute hepatitis. Liver transplantation is the second most common solid organ transplantation. Though these numbers are sobering, they highlight an important opportunity to improve public health given that most causes of liver diseases are preventable. Thus, timely diagnosis and treatment of it are of great importance. Recently, many noninvasive methods are investigating in the term of steatosis and fibrosis, as well as in the term of portal hypertension. Endoscopic methods such as endoscopic ultrasound are intensively investigated in the term of hepatology. Also, we must keep in mind that different diseases can affect the biliary tract. The symptoms and signs of such diseases are similar. Conditions affecting the biliary tract can be life threatening and often difficult to diagnose. It is important to diagnose them timely, because some of them such as cholangiocarcinoma or periampullary tumors have poor prognosis because at the time of diagnosis they are often unresectable.

The aim of this Special Issue entitled “Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management” is to share up-to-date information about diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary disease.  The scope of the issue will include recent knowledge regarding the NAFLD, noninvasive methods of steatosis and fibrosis detection, detection of portal hypertension, advancement in the term of endohepatology, and new diagnostic methods for periampullary tumor detection as well as up-to-date information about a treatment of common hepatobiliary diseases.

Prof. Dr. Ivana Mikolašević
Prof. Dr. Goran Hauser
Prof. Dr. Nermin Salkic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Chronic liver diseases
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Portal hypertension
  • Noninvasive methods for steatosis and fibrosis detection
  • Endohepatology
  • New drugs in hepatology
  • New diagnostic methods for periampullary tumor detection
  • Treatment of biliary diseases

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2341 KiB  
Article
Cellular Prion Protein Is Closely Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Mo-Jong Kim, Yoon-Ah Cho, Eunhye Kim, Ji-Young Choe, Ji-Won Park, Junyong Lee, Jung-Woo Lee, Sung-Hoon Moon, Yong-Sun Kim, Sung-Eun Kim and Eun-Kyoung Choi
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1635; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071635 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1360
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is known to play a role in cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, the role of PrPC expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. This study investigated whether overexpression of PrPC affects recurrence after surgical [...] Read more.
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is known to play a role in cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, the role of PrPC expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. This study investigated whether overexpression of PrPC affects recurrence after surgical resection and survival in HCC. A total of 110 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection were included. They were followed up for a median of 42 months (range 1–213 months) after hepatectomy. The relationships between PrPC expression and the HCC histologic features, recurrence of HCC following surgical resection, and survival of the patients were examined. Seventy-one cases (64.5%) of HCC demonstrated higher expression of PrPC. The expression of PrPC was only correlated with diabetes mellitus. There was no association between PrPC expression and age, sex, hypertension, hepatitis B virus positivity, alcohol consumption, Child–Pugh class, major portal vein invasion, serum alpha-fetoprotein, and HCC size or number. The 1-year recurrence rates in patients with higher PrPC expression were higher than those with lower PrPC expression. The cumulative survival rates of patients with higher PrPC expression were significantly shorter than those of patients with lower PrPC expression. In conclusion, PrPC expression is closely associated with early recurrence and poor survival of HCC patients following surgical resection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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14 pages, 2423 KiB  
Article
Usefulness of Imaging and Biological Tools for the Characterization of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Călin Burciu, Roxana Șirli, Felix Bende, Renata Fofiu, Alina Popescu, Ioan Sporea, Ana-Maria Ghiuchici, Bogdan Miuțescu and Mirela Dănilă
Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1145; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12051145 - 05 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1720
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and biological tests to characterize portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We retrospectively analyzed 101 patients with PVT, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In all patients, demographic, biologic, imaging, and endoscopic data were [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and biological tests to characterize portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We retrospectively analyzed 101 patients with PVT, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In all patients, demographic, biologic, imaging, and endoscopic data were collected. All patients underwent CEUS and a second line imaging technique (CE-CT/MRI) to characterize PVT. Of the 101 cirrhotic subjects, 77 (76.2%) had HCC. CEUS had 98.6% sensitivity (Se) and 89.3% specificity (Sp) for the characterization of PVT type. A significant correlation was found between alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and the PVT characterization at CEUS (r = 0.28, p = 0.0098) and CT/MRI (r = 0.3, p = 0.0057). Using the AFP rule-out cutoff values for HCC (AFP < 20 ng/dL), 78% of the subjects were correctly classified as having benign PVT, while 100% of the subjects were correctly classified as tumor-in-vein (TIV) when the rule-in cutoff value was used (AFP ≥ 200 ng/dL). Using multiple regression analysis, we obtained a score for classifying PVT. The PVT score performed better than CEUS (AUC—0.99 vs. AUC—0.93, p = 0.025) or AFP serum levels (AUC—0.99 vs. AUC—0.96, p = 0.047) for characterizing PVT. In conclusion, CEUS is a sensitive method for the characterization of PVT. The PVT score had the highest performance for PVT characterization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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9 pages, 602 KiB  
Article
Changes in Blood Potassium after Reperfusion during Living-Donor Liver Transplantation: An Exploratory Study
by Jeayoun Kim, Ji-Hye Kwon and Gaab Soo Kim
Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2248; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11122248 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1641
Abstract
The incidence of hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) or high blood potassium (5–5.5 mEq/L) during living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is reported to be more than 10%. It occurs more frequently in the early post-reperfusion period and is a major cause of post-reperfusion arrhythmia and cardiac [...] Read more.
The incidence of hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) or high blood potassium (5–5.5 mEq/L) during living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is reported to be more than 10%. It occurs more frequently in the early post-reperfusion period and is a major cause of post-reperfusion arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. Unlike deceased-donor liver transplantation, the pattern of blood potassium changes immediately after reperfusion has not been described in LDLT. From January 2021 to March 2021, fifteen consecutive patients were enrolled. Baseline blood potassium was measured from blood samples obtained 10-min (T-10) and immediately before (T0) reperfusion. During the first 5 min after reperfusion, blood potassium measurements were conducted every one minute (T1–T5). The blood potassium levels at T-10 and T0 were 3.8 ± 0.4 and 3.9 ± 0.4 mEq/L, respectively. After reperfusion, mean increases (95% CI) in blood potassium from T-10 and T0 were 0.5 (0.4–0.6) and 0.4 (0.3–0.5) mEq/L, respectively. Blood potassium peaked at T1, returned to baseline at T3, and fell below the baseline at T5. Peak blood potassium after reperfusion showed strong correlations with blood potassium measured at T-10 (p < 0.001) and T0 (p < 0.0001). These findings can support the establishment of future research plans and perioperative management of blood potassium in LDLT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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Review

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25 pages, 1537 KiB  
Review
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Liver Disease: Where Do We Stand?
by Tajana Pavic, Ivana Mikolasevic, Dominik Kralj, Nina Blazevic, Anita Skrtic, Ivan Budimir, Ivan Lerotic and Davor Hrabar
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 2021; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11112021 - 31 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2174
Abstract
As the burden of liver disease in the general populace steadily increases, so does the need for both advanced diagnostic and treatment options. Endoscopic ultrasound is a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic method that has an established role, foremost in pancreatobiliary pathology. This paper [...] Read more.
As the burden of liver disease in the general populace steadily increases, so does the need for both advanced diagnostic and treatment options. Endoscopic ultrasound is a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic method that has an established role, foremost in pancreatobiliary pathology. This paper aims to summarize the growing role of endoscopic ultrasound in hepatology based on the search of the current literature. A number of applications of endoscopic ultrasound are reviewed, including both noninvasive methods and tissue acquisition in focal and diffuse liver disease, portal hypertension measurement, detection and management of gastric and esophageal varices, treatment of focal liver lesions and staging of pancreatobiliary malignancies, treatment of cystic and solid liver lesions, as well as liver abscess drainage. Both hepatologists and endoscopists should be aware of the evolving role of endoscopic ultrasound in liver disease. The inherent invasive nature of endoscopic examination limits its use to a targeted population identified using noninvasive methods. Endoscopic ultrasound is one the most versatile methods in gastroenterology, allowing immediate access with detection, sampling, and treatment of digestive tract pathology. Further expansion of its use in hepatology is immanent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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12 pages, 703 KiB  
Review
Klatskin-Mimicking Lesions
by Marinko Marušić, Matej Paić, Mia Knobloch and Marko Vodanović
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 1944; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11111944 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3573
Abstract
Altemeier-Klatskin tumor is a perihilar cholangiocarcinoma that occurs within 2 cm of the confluence of the right and left hepatic duct at the hepatic hilum and accounts for 50–70% of all cholangiocarcinomas cases. Although imaging techniques have come very far today, this entity [...] Read more.
Altemeier-Klatskin tumor is a perihilar cholangiocarcinoma that occurs within 2 cm of the confluence of the right and left hepatic duct at the hepatic hilum and accounts for 50–70% of all cholangiocarcinomas cases. Although imaging techniques have come very far today, this entity can still be very challenging to diagnose as there are many lesions that can mimic Klatskin tumor. In this review, we will present the most common Klatskin-mimicking lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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Other

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7 pages, 2814 KiB  
Case Report
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting Simultaneously with Echinococcal Cyst Mimicking a Single Liver Lesion in a Non-Cirrhotic Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
by Jelena Djokić Kovač, Milica Mitrović, Aleksandra Janković, Marko Andrejević, Aleksandar Bogdanović, Predrag Zdujić, Uroš Đinđić and Vladimir Dugalić
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1583; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071583 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
A coexistance of liver cystic echinococcosis (CE) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very rare. HCC is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, while CE is a globally endemic zoonosis caused by the cestode tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The association between these two [...] Read more.
A coexistance of liver cystic echinococcosis (CE) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very rare. HCC is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, while CE is a globally endemic zoonosis caused by the cestode tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The association between these two diseases is still not well-defined. A preoperative diagnosis may be challenging, especially if HCC and CE present as a single lesion and if atypical imaging features are present. Herein, we present a case of the patient that was initially diagnosed as an extensive necrotic tumor in the left liver lobe and highly suspicious of being HCC associated with peritumoral hematoma. Left hemihepatectomy was performed, and the histopathological findings showed the collision of two lesions: a hydatid cyst and HCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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5 pages, 3477 KiB  
Case Report
Parenchymal Extinction Mimicking Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Liver Cirrhosis
by Min Kyu Kang and Joon Hyuk Choi
Diagnostics 2021, 11(7), 1171; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11071171 - 28 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1636
Abstract
Parenchymal extinction is characterized by the irreversible loss of hepatocytes and their eventual replacement by fibrous tissue, along with the alteration of the sinusoidal architecture and the obstruction of the small portal and hepatic veins. In clinical practice, radiologic modalities are not sufficient [...] Read more.
Parenchymal extinction is characterized by the irreversible loss of hepatocytes and their eventual replacement by fibrous tissue, along with the alteration of the sinusoidal architecture and the obstruction of the small portal and hepatic veins. In clinical practice, radiologic modalities are not sufficient for differentiating between parenchymal extinction and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Herein, we present a case of parenchymal extinction mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatobiliary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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