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Advances in the Diagnostic Role of Microbiota in Human Diseases

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 22303

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vincent Blasco-Baque

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Guest Editor

INSERM UMR 1297 Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Avenue Jean Poulhès 1, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France
Interests: cardiovascular diseases; metabolic diseases; diabetes; metabolism; insulin resistance; glucose metabolism; nutrition; fat; energy metabolism; inflammatory biomarkers; clinical nutrition; human microbiota
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It has recently become evident that many factors play pivotal roles in the diagnosis and management of systemic health. The human microbiota is a super organ in our body. When the microbiota is disrupted, which is called dysbiosis, the occurrence of diseases is then increased and management becomes complex. Metabolic patients with dysbiotic microbiota are most at risk for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, dysbiosis of the microbiota is also involved in many systemic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, autoimmune rheumatic disease, and cancer. In this Special Issue, we will address the nature of the human microbiota and how it affects systemic pathologies with bidirectional interactions. Exploration of the human microbiota may be a key factor, and its diagnostic may contribute to chronic metabolic diseases or human diseases. The role of human microbiota (oral, gut, skin) is the next evolution for biology and medicine. We are also interested in future therapeutic strategies. The discovery of the implications of microbiota for the control of systemic diseases could represent a new method for personalized medicine.

Dr. Vincent Blasco-Baque
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Obesity Drives an Oral Microbiota Signature of Female Patients with Periodontitis: A Pilot Study

by Charlotte Thomas, Matthieu Minty, Thibault Canceill, Pascale Loubières, Vincent Azalbert, François Tercé, Camille Champion, Rémy Burcelin, Pierre Barthet, Sara Laurencin-Dalicieux and Vincent Blasco-Baque

Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 745; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11050745 - 21 Apr 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1651

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the link between oral microbiota and obesity in humans. We conducted a pilot study including 19 subjects with periodontitis divided into two groups: normo-weighted subjects (NWS) with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 25 (n = 9) and obese subjects (OS) with a BMI > 30 (n = 10). Obesity was associated with a poor oral health status characterized by an increased number of missing teeth and a higher score of periodontal-support loss associated with dysbiotic oral microbiota (39.45 ± 3.74 vs. 26.41 ± 11.21, p = 0.03 for the Chao 1 index). Oral microbiota taxonomic analysis showed that the abundance of the Capnocytophaga genus was higher (2.47% ± 3.02 vs. 0.27% ± 0.29, p = 0.04) in OS compared to NWS. Obese females (OF) were characterized by an increase in the Streptococcus genus (34.12% ± 14.29 vs. 10.55% ± 10.42, p = 0.05) compared to obese males (OM), where the Neisseria genus was increased (5.75% ± 5.03 vs. 58.05% ± 30.64, p = 0.008). These first data suggest that sex/gender is determinant in the link between oral dysbiotic microbiota and obesity in patients with periodontitis. Our results could lead to recommendations concerning therapeutic strategies for obese patients with periodontitis following the sex/gender. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnostic Role of Microbiota in Human Diseases)

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Review

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12 pages, 701 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Insights: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Postoperative Complications in Visceral Surgery—A Narrative Review

by Ann-Kathrin Lederer, Sophia Chikhladze, Eva Kohnert, Roman Huber and Alexander Müller

Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 2099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11112099 - 13 Nov 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2166

Abstract

Postoperative complications are a major problem occurring in up to 50% of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Occurrence of postoperative complications is associated with a significantly higher morbidity and mortality in affected patients. The most common postoperative complications are caused by an infectious genesis and include anastomotic leakage in case of gastrointestinal anastomosis and surgical site infections. Recent research highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in health and disease. It is plausible that the gut microbiota also plays a pivotal role in the development of postoperative complications. This narrative review critically summarizes results of recent research in this particular field. The review evaluates the role of gut microbiota alteration in postoperative complications, including postoperative ileus, anastomotic leakage, and surgical site infections in visceral surgery. We tried to put a special focus on a potential diagnostic value of pre- and post-operative gut microbiota sampling showing that recent data are inhomogeneous to identify a high-risk microbial profile for development of postoperative complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnostic Role of Microbiota in Human Diseases)

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22 pages, 2711 KiB

Open AccessReview

Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral and Systemic Diseases: An Update

by Yeon-Hee Lee, Sang Wan Chung, Q-Schick Auh, Seung-Jae Hong, Yeon-Ah Lee, Junho Jung, Gi-Ja Lee, Hae Jeong Park, Seung-Il Shin and Ji-Youn Hong

Diagnostics 2021, 11(7), 1283; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11071283 - 16 Jul 2021

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 11312

Abstract

The human oral microbiome refers to an ecological community of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. The oral cavity is an environment that provides various biological niches, such as the teeth, tongue, and oral mucosa. The oral cavity is the gateway between the external environment and the human body, maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the mouth, and preventing disease. On the flip side, the oral microbiome also plays an important role in the triggering, development, and progression of oral and systemic diseases. In recent years, disease diagnosis through the analysis of the human oral microbiome has been realized with the recent development of innovative detection technology and is overwhelmingly promising compared to the previous era. It has been found that patients with oral and systemic diseases have variations in their oral microbiome compared to normal subjects. This narrative review provides insight into the pathophysiological role that the oral microbiome plays in influencing oral and systemic diseases and furthers the knowledge related to the oral microbiome produced over the past 30 years. A wide range of updates were provided with the latest knowledge of the oral microbiome to help researchers and clinicians in both academic and clinical aspects. The microbial community information can be utilized in non-invasive diagnosis and can help to develop a new paradigm in precision medicine, which will benefit human health in the era of post-metagenomics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnostic Role of Microbiota in Human Diseases)

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Other

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11 pages, 2298 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Alteration in Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Profile in Aged Patients with COVID-19

by Ravindra Kolhe, Nikhil Shri Sahajpal, Sagar Vyavahare, Akhilesh S. Dhanani, Satish Adusumilli, Sudha Ananth, Ashis K. Mondal, G. Taylor Patterson, Sandeep Kumar, Amyn M. Rojiani, Carlos M. Isales and Sadanand Fulzele

Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1622; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11091622 - 05 Sep 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6255

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is an infectious virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmitted mainly through droplets and aerosol affecting the respiratory tract and lungs. Little is known regarding why some individuals are more susceptible than others and develop severe symptoms. In this study, we analyzed the nasopharyngeal microbiota profile of aged patients with COVID-19 (asymptomatic vs. symptomatic) vs. healthy individuals. We examined the nasopharynx swab of 84 aged-matched patients, out of which 27 were negative asymptomatic (NegA), 30 were positive asymptomatic (PA), and 27 patients were positive symptomatic (PSY). Our analysis revealed the presence of abundant Cyanobacterial taxa at phylum level in PA (p-value = 0.0016) and PSY (p-value = 0.00038) patients along with an upward trend in the population of Litoricola, Amylibacter, Balneola, and Aeromonas at the genus level. Furthermore, to know the relationship between the nasal microbiota composition and severity of COVID-19, we compared PA and PSY groups. Our data show that the nasal microbiota of PSY patients was significantly enriched with the signatures of two bacterial taxa: Cutibacterium (p-value = 0.045) and Lentimonas (p-value = 0.007). Furthermore, we also found a significantly lower abundance of five bacterial taxa, namely: Prevotellaceae (p-value = 7 × 10⁻⁶), Luminiphilus (p-value = 0.027), Flectobacillus (p-value = 0.027), Comamonas (p-value = 0.048), and Jannaschia (p-value = 0.012) in PSY patients. The dysbiosis of the nasal microbiota in COVID-19 positive patients might have a role in contributing to the severity of COVID-19. The findings of our study show that there is a strong correlation between the composition of the nasal microbiota and COVID-19 severity. Further studies are needed to validate our finding in large-scale samples and to correlate immune response (cytokine Strome) and nasal microbiota to identify underlying mechanisms and develop therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnostic Role of Microbiota in Human Diseases)

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