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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 25548

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Dr. Nicola Longo

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Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
Interests: prostate cancer; kidney cancer; bladder cancer; advanced imaging for urologic cancer
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Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer, and the second leading cause of death in men worldwide.

Over the years, prostate cancer management has significantly improved due to significant research, which, further still, continues to help facilitate our understanding of the causes and mechanisms of prostate cancer initiation and progression, diagnosis, as well as the different treatment methods for this disease.

Recent studies have showed the development of newer screening, diagnostic assays that can be very precise in discriminating the characteristics of the cancer. New advanced treatment approaches and therapeutic modalities for prostate cancer have also been developed, while several others are being currently evaluated in preclinical or clinical trials.

This Special Issue will focus on advancements in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. We prioritize high-quality original studies, encourage multidisciplinary works and welcome well-designed meta-analyses and reviews.

Dr. Nicola Longo
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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10 pages, 7069 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Postoperative Bladder Neck to Pubic Symphysis Ratio Predictive for De Novo Overactive Bladder after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

by Nayuka Matsuyama, Taku Naiki, Shuzo Hamamoto, Yosuke Sugiyama, Yasue Kubota, Takashi Hamakawa, Toshiki Etani, Shoichiro Iwatsuki, Kazumi Taguchi, Yuya Ota, Masakazu Gonda, Maria Aoki, Toshiharu Morikawa, Taiki Kato, Atsushi Okada and Takahiro Yasui

Diagnostics 2023, 13(20), 3173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics13203173 - 11 Oct 2023

Viewed by 657

Abstract

Background: The aim was to investigate the incidence and clinical predictive factors of de novo overactive bladder (OAB) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), including a Retzius-sparing (RS) approach, in the same period at a single institution. Methods: Of a total of 113 patients with localized prostate cancer, 81 received conventional RARP (CON-RARP) and 32 received RS-RARP at our institution. The basic characteristics data of patients and self-assessment questionnaires, including IPSS and OABSS, were obtained preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after RARP. In addition, a retrospective biomarker analysis was also performed of predictive clinical parameters obtained from cystography that included a postoperative bladder neck to pubic symphysis (BNPS) ratio. Results: Patients’ basic characteristics were similar between CON-RARP and RS-RARP groups. With respect to the surgical procedure, anastomosing time was found to be significantly longer for patients in the RS-RARP compared to the CON-RARP group (p < 0.01). Compared to the CON-RARP group, the RS-RARP group showed a significantly lower postoperative BNPS and aspect ratio (p < 0.001). The incidence of de novo OAB in patients of the CON-RARP group was greater than for those in the RS-RARP group (40.7% CON-RARP vs. 25.0% RS-RARP), though this was not significant. Regarding the emergence of de novo OAB, the following were revealed in univariate analysis to be independent prognostic factors: age > 64 years (hazards ratio [HR]: 4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–12.3), postoperative BNPS ratio > 0.44 (HR: 8.7, 95% CI: 6.43–54.5), postoperative aspect ratio > 1.18 (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.49–7.61). Additionally, multivariate analysis identified a sole significant prognostic factor: postoperative BNPS ratio > 0.44 (HR: 13.3, 95% CI: 4.33–41.1). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the postoperative BNPS ratio may be a practical predictive indicator of the emergence of de novo OAB after RARP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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10 pages, 2443 KiB

Open AccessArticle

SCARA5 Is Overexpressed in Prostate Cancer and Linked to Poor Prognosis

by Fidelis Andrea Flockerzi, Johannes Hohneck, Matthias Saar, Rainer Maria Bohle and Phillip Rolf Stahl

Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2211; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics13132211 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1006

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, showing a wide range of clinical behaviors. Therefore, several treatment options arise out of the diagnosis “prostate cancer”. For this reason, it is desirable to find novel prognostic and predictive markers. In former studies, we showed that THSD7A expression is associated with unfavorable prognostic parameters in prostate cancer and is linked to a high expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Recently, scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) was reported to be the downstream gene of THSD7A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. SCARA5 is believed to play an important role in the development and progression of several different tumor types. Most studies describe SCARA5 as a tumor suppressor. There is also evidence that SCARA 5 interacts with FAK. To examine the role of SCARA5 as a potential biomarker in prostate cancer, a total of 461 prostate cancers were analyzed via immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. Furthermore, we compared the expression level of SCARA5 with our previously collected data on THSD7A and FAK. High SCARA5 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage (p < 0.001), positive nodal status (p < 0.001) and high Gleason-score (p < 0.001). At least, strongly SCARA5-positive cancers were associated with THSD7A-positivity. There was no significant association between SCARA5 expression level and FAK expression level. To our knowledge, we are the first to investigate the role of SCARA5 in prostate cancer and we demonstrated that SCARA5 might be a potential biomarker in prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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12 pages, 1687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in the Use of Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Axis Inhibitors for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer and Clinical Factors Predicting Biological Recurrence

by Keita Nakane, Hiromitsu Watanabe, Taku Naiki, Kiyoshi Takahara, Takahiro Yasui, Hideaki Miyake, Ryoichi Shiroki and Takuya Koie

Diagnostics 2023, 13(9), 1661; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics13091661 - 08 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1644

Abstract

The advent of second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted agents (ARATs) has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) was used to compare the efficacy of each ARAT. This multicenter retrospective study included 581 patients with newly diagnosed mHSPC who received first-line hormone therapy. The characteristics of patients treated with different ARATs were compared as well as changes in the usage of each drug over time. For BRFS, the apalutamide (Apa) and enzalutamide (Enza) groups, as well as the abiraterone acetate (Abi) and Apa/Enza groups, were compared. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictive factors for biochemical recurrence (BCR). The use of second-generation ARATs tended to increase after May 2020. No significant difference in BRFS was found between patients receiving Apa and Enza (p = 0.490) and those receiving Abi or Apa/Enza (p = 0.906). Multivariate analysis revealed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 2.76 and PSA ≥ 0.550 ng/mL were independent predictors of BCR. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics or BRFS in patients with mHSPC receiving different ARATs as first-line treatment. NLR and PSA may be prognostic factors following the first-line treatment of patients with mHSPC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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15 pages, 3025 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Modality Enables New Evidence-Based Individual Risk Stratification That Can Potentially Lead to Decisive Management and Treatment Decisions in Prostate Cancer

by Meir Weksler, Avi Simon, Robert E. Lenkinski, Hagar Landsman, Haim Matzkin, Nicola Mabjeesh and Ilan Leibovitch

Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 424; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics13030424 - 24 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1252

Abstract

A key step in providing management/treatment options to men with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) is categorizing the risk in terms of the presence of benign, low-risk, intermediate-risk, or high-risk disease. Our novel modality brings new evidence, based on the long-known hallmark characteristic of PCa—decreased zinc (Zn), which is the most direct metabolic sign of malignancy and its aggressiveness. To date, this approach has not been adopted for clinical use for a number of reasons that are described in this article, and which have been addressed by our approach. Zn has to be measured on fresh samples, prior to fixating in formalin; therefore, samples have to be scanned during the biopsy session. As Zn depletion occurs in the glands where the tumors develop, estimation of the glands’ levels in the scanned tissue, along with their compactness, are essential for accurate diagnosis. Combined with the Zn depletion, this facilitates a reliable assessment of disease aggressiveness. Data gathered in the clinical study described here indicate that, in addition to improving the biopsy quality by real-time interactive guidance, a malignancy score can now be established for the entire prostate, allowing higher granularity personalized risk stratification and more decisive treatment decisions for all PCa patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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9 pages, 6858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

THSD7A Positivity Is Associated with High Expression of FAK in Prostate Cancer

by Fidelis Andrea Flockerzi, Johannes Hohneck, Matthias Saar, Rainer Maria Bohle and Phillip Rolf Stahl

Diagnostics 2023, 13(2), 221; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics13020221 - 07 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1461

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and there are a wide range of treatment options after diagnosis. Most prostate cancers behave in an indolent manner. However, a given sub-group has been shown to exhibit aggressive behavior; therefore, it is desirable to find novel prognostic and predictive (molecular) markers. THSD7A expression is significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic parameters in prostate cancer. FAK is overexpressed in several tumor types and is believed to play a role in tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, there is evidence that THSD7A might affect FAK-dependent signaling pathways. To examine whether THSD7A expression has an impact on the expression level of FAK in its unphosphorylated form, a total of 461 prostate cancers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. THSD7A positivity and low FAK expression were associated with adverse pathological features. THSD7A positivity was significantly associated with high FAK expression. To our knowledge we are the first to show that THSD7A positivity is associated with high FAK expression in prostate cancer. This might be proof of the actual involvement of THSD7A in FAK-dependent signaling pathways. This is of special importance because THSD7A might also serve as a putative therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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10 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Nomogram for Predicting Prostate Cancer with Lymph Node Involvement in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Era: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Japan (The MSUG94 Group)

by Makoto Kawase, Shin Ebara, Tomoyuki Tatenuma, Takeshi Sasaki, Yoshinori Ikehata, Akinori Nakayama, Masahiro Toide, Tatsuaki Yoneda, Kazushige Sakaguchi, Takuma Ishihara, Jun Teishima, Kazuhide Makiyama, Takahiro Inoue, Hiroshi Kitamura, Kazutaka Saito, Fumitaka Koga, Shinji Urakami and Takuya Koie

Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2545; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12102545 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2973

Abstract

Background: To create a nomogram for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) with lymph node involvement (LNI) in the robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) era. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted on 3195 patients with PCa who underwent RARP at nine institutions in Japan between September 2012 and August 2021. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors strongly associated with LNI. The Bootstrap-area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the internal validity of the prediction model. Results: A total of 1855 patients were enrolled in this study. Overall, 93 patients (5.0%) had LNI. On multivariable analyses, initial prostate-specific antigen, number of cancer-positive and-negative biopsy cores, biopsy Gleason grade, and clinical T stage were independent predictors of PCa with LNI. The nomogram predicting PCa with LNI has been demonstrated (AUC 84%). Using a nomogram cut-off of 6%, 492 of 1855 patients (26.5%) would avoid unnecessary pelvic lymph node dissection, and PCa with LNI would be missed in two patients (0.1%). The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values associated with a cutoff of 6% were 74%, 80%, and 99.6%, respectively. Conclusions: We developed a clinically applicable nomogram for predicting the probability of patients with PCa with LNI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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9 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Machine Learning and Clinical-Radiological Characteristics for the Classification of Prostate Cancer in PI-RADS 3 Lesions

by Michela Gravina, Lorenzo Spirito, Giuseppe Celentano, Marco Capece, Massimiliano Creta, Gianluigi Califano, Claudia Collà Ruvolo, Simone Morra, Massimo Imbriaco, Francesco Di Bello, Antonio Sciuto, Renato Cuocolo, Luigi Napolitano, Roberto La Rocca, Vincenzo Mirone, Carlo Sansone and Nicola Longo

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1565; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071565 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1826

Abstract

The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) classification is based on a scale of values from 1 to 5. The value is assigned according to the probability that a finding is a malignant tumor (prostate carcinoma) and is calculated by evaluating the signal behavior in morphological, diffusion, and post-contrastographic sequences. A PI-RADS score of 3 is recognized as the equivocal likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer, making its diagnosis very challenging. While PI-RADS values of 4 and 5 make biopsy necessary, it is very hard to establish whether to perform a biopsy or not in patients with a PI-RADS score 3. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have been proposed for a wide range of applications in medical fields, thanks to their ability to extract hidden information and to learn from a set of data without previous specific programming. In this paper, we evaluate machine learning approaches in detecting prostate cancer in patients with PI-RADS score 3 lesions via considering clinical-radiological characteristics. A total of 109 patients were included in this study. We collected data on body mass index (BMI), location of suspicious PI-RADS 3 lesions, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, PSA density, and histopathology results. The implemented classifiers exploit a patient’s clinical and radiological information to generate a probability of malignancy that could help the physicians in diagnostic decisions, including the need for a biopsy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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14 pages, 4204 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multitarget Molecular Imaging in Metastatic Castration Resistant Adenocarcinoma Prostate Cancer with Therapy Induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation

by Joel Vargas Ahumada, Sofía D. González Rueda, Fabio A. Sinisterra Solís, Quetzali Pitalúa Cortés, Liliana P. Torres Agredo, Jimenez Ríos Miguel, Anna Scavuzzo, Irma Soldevilla-Gallardo, Miguel A. Álvarez Avitia, Nora Sobrevilla and Francisco Osvaldo García Pérez

Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1387; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12061387 - 03 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2623

Abstract

Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer (NEDPC) includes de novo presentation and secondary to epigenetic changes, referred as therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). Molecular imaging with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and somatostatin analogues positron emission tomography (PET/CT) in NEDPC have not been validated. ¹⁸F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET/CT has numerous limitations in prostate cancer (PCa) and the utility in NEDPC has only been reported in a few series of cases. The objective of this study is to compare the lesions detection rate of the three radiotracers in metastatic t-NEPC patients. (1) Material and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma treated with androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, a novel androgen receptor pathway inhibitor or a combination of them and a second tumour biopsy confirming t-NEPC was made. All patients underwent ¹⁸F PSMA-1007, ¹⁸F AlF-NOTA-Octreotide, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Evaluation of positive lesions was determined and SUVmax of each radiotracer was estimated and correlated with computer tomography (CT) findings. (2) Results: A total of eight patients were included. The mean time from diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma to t-NEPC was 28.2 months, with a mean serum specific prostate antigen (PSA) of 16.6 ng/dl at the time of NEPC diagnosis. All patients were treated with antiandrogen therapy and 87.5% with chemotherapy. A total of 273 lesions were identified by CT from which 182 were detected by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, 174 lesions by ¹⁸F PSMA-1007, and 59 by ¹⁸F AlF-NOTA-Octreotide. An interpatient analysis of the lesions was performed and dual tracer ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F PSMA-1007 PET/CT detected a total of 270/273 lesions (98.9%). (3) Conclusions: NEDPC patients demonstrated wide inter and intrapatient molecular imaging heterogeneity within the three radiotracers. ¹⁸F-FDG detected most lesions in t-NEPC among all radiotracers, especially in visceral sites; ¹⁸F PSMA-1007 detected more bone lesions. ¹⁸F AlF-NOTA-Octreotide showed no significant utility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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12 pages, 1677 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Photodynamic Therapy-Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

by Michał Osuchowski, David Aebisher, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Magdalena Krupka-Olek, Klaudia Dynarowicz, Maria Przygoda and Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka

Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1113; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12051113 - 28 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1813

Abstract

The alarming increase in the number of advanced-stage prostate cancer cases with poor prognosis has led to a search for innovative methods of treatment. In response to the need for implementation of new and innovative methods of cancer tissue therapy, we studied photodynamic action in excised prostate tissue in vitro as a model for photodynamic therapy. To ascertain the effects of photodynamic action in prostate tissue, Rose Bengal (0.01 to 0.05 mM) was used as a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen and light to generate singlet oxygen in tissues in vitro. Five preset concentrations of Rose Bengal were chosen and injected into prostate tissue samples (60 samples with 12 replications for each RB concentration) that were subsequently exposed to 532 nm light. The effects of irradiation of the Rose Bengal infused tissue samples were determined by histopathological analysis. Histopathological examination of prostate samples subjected to photodynamic action revealed numerous changes in the morphology of the neoplastic cells and the surrounding tissues. We conclude that the morphological changes observed in the prostate cancer tissues were a result of the photogeneration of cytotoxic singlet oxygen. The tissue damage observed post photodynamic action offers an incentive for continued in vitro investigations and future in vivo clinical trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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13 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between LncRNA MALAT1 Polymorphisms and Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer

by Ju-Chuan Hu, Shian-Shiang Wang, Ying-Erh Chou, Kun-Yuan Chiu, Jian-Ri Li, Chuan-Shu Chen, Sheng-Chun Hung, Cheng-Kuang Yang, Yen-Chuan Ou, Chen-Li Cheng, Chia-Yen Lin and Shun-Fa Yang

Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1692; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11091692 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1638

Abstract

Current evidence elucidates that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) could regulate genetic expression and play a crucial role in both the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MALAT1 could alter the oncogenesis in various cancers. However, the associations between MALAT1 SNPs and prostate cancer have barely been investigated to date. This study included 579 patients with prostate cancer who received robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy at Taichung Veterans General Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Three SNPs of MALAT1 were analyzed to identify the impacts of SNPs on the clinicopathologic features in Taiwanese prostate cancer. Our results show that patients with a polymorphic G allele at rs619586 had a significantly higher risk of being in an advanced Gleason grade group (AOR: 1.764; 95% CI: 1.011–3.077; p = 0.046). Moreover, individuals with at least one polymorphic A allele at MALAT1 rs1194338 in the PSA >10 ng/mL group were positively associated with node-positive prostate cancer. In conclusion, MALAT1 SNPs are significantly associated with the susceptibility to both advanced Gleason grade and nodal metastasis in prostate cancer. The presence of MALAT1 SNPs rs619586 and rs1194338 seems to enhance oncogenesis in prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

9 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Adding Standard Systematic Biopsy to Targeted Prostate Biopsy in PI-RADS 3 to 5 Lesions Enhance the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer? Should All Patients with PI-RADS 3 Undergo Targeted Biopsy?

by Enrique Gomez-Gomez, Sara Moreno Sorribas, Jose Valero-Rosa, Ana Blanca, Juan Mesa, Joseba Salguero, Julia Carrasco-Valiente, Daniel López-Ruiz and Francisco José Anglada-Curado

Diagnostics 2021, 11(8), 1335; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11081335 - 26 Jul 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2690

Abstract

Introduction. Our aim was to assess the value of adding standard biopsy to targeted biopsy in cases of suspicious multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and also to evaluate when a biopsy of a PI-RADS 3 lesion could be avoided. Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent targeted biopsy plus standard systematic biopsy between 2016–2019 was performed. All the 1.5 T magnetic resonance images were evaluated according to PI-RADSv.2. An analysis focusing on the clinical scenario, lesion location, and PI-RADS score was performed. Results. A total of 483 biopsies were evaluated. The mean age was 65 years, with a PSA density of 0.12 ng/mL/cc. One-hundred and two mp-MRIs were categorized as PI-RADS-3. Standard biopsy was most helpful in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients in the active surveillance (AS) cohort (increasing the detection rate 12.2%), and in peripheral lesions (6.5%). Adding standard biopsy showed no increase in the detection rate for csPCa in patients with PI-RADS-5 lesions. Considering targeted biopsy in patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions, a higher detection rate was shown in biopsy-naïve patients versus AS and in patients with a previous negative biopsy (p = 0.002). Furthermore, in these patients, the highest rate of csPCa detection was in anterior lesions [42.9% (p = 0.067)]. Conclusions. Our results suggest that standard biopsy could be safely omitted in patients with anterior lesions and in those with PI-RADS-5 lesions. Targeted biopsy for PI-RADS-3 lesions would be less effective in peripheral lesions with a previous negative biopsy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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11 pages, 1824 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of Biparametric versus Multiparametric Prostate MRI in the Detection of Prostate Cancer in 431 Men with Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

by Filippo Pesapane, Marzia Acquasanta, Rosario Di Meo, Giorgio Maria Agazzi, Priyan Tantrige, Marina Codari, Simone Schiaffino, Francesca Patella, Anastasia Esseridou and Francesco Sardanelli

Diagnostics 2021, 11(7), 1223; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11071223 - 07 Jul 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2299

Abstract

(1) Background: the study of dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) has a limited role in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa), and there is a growing interest in performing unenhanced biparametric prostate-MRI (bpMRI) instead of the conventional multiparametric-MRI (mpMRI). In this study, we aimed to retrospectively compare the performance of the mpMRI, which includes DCE study, and the unenhanced bpMRI, composed of only T2-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in PCa detection in men with elevated prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) levels. (2) Methods: a 1.5 T MRI, with an endorectal-coil, was performed on 431 men (aged 61.5 ± 8.3 years) with a PSA ≥4.0 ng/mL. The bpMRI and mpMRI tests were independently assessed in separate sessions by two readers with 5 (R1) and 3 (R2) years of experience. The histopathology or ≥2 years follow-up served as a reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated with their 95% CI, and McNemar’s and Cohen’s κ statistics were used. (3) Results: in 195/431 (45%) of histopathologically proven PCa cases, 62/195 (32%) were high-grade PCa (GS ≥ 7b) and 133/195 (68%) were low-grade PCa (GS ≤ 7a). The PCa could be excluded by histopathology in 58/431 (14%) and by follow-up in 178/431 (41%) of patients. For bpMRI, the sensitivity was 164/195 (84%, 95% CI: 79–89%) for R1 and 156/195 (80%, 95% CI: 74–86%) for R2; while specificity was 182/236 (77%, 95% CI: 72–82%) for R1 and 175/236 (74%, 95% CI: 68–80%) for R2. For mpMRI, sensitivity was 168/195 (86%, 95% CI: 81–91%) for R1 and 160/195 (82%, 95% CI: 77–87%) for R2; while specificity was 184/236 (78%, 95% CI: 73–83%) for R1 and 177/236 (75%, 95% CI: 69–81%) for R2. Interobserver agreement was substantial for both bpMRI (κ = 0.802) and mpMRI (κ = 0.787). (4) Conclusions: the diagnostic performance of bpMRI and mpMRI were similar, and no high-grade PCa was missed with bpMRI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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15 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes in Patients with Previous or Synchronous Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Published Evidence

by Giuseppe Celentano, Massimiliano Creta, Luigi Napolitano, Marco Abate, Roberto La Rocca, Marco Capece, Claudia Mirone, Simone Morra, Francesco Di Bello, Luigi Cirillo, Francesco Mangiapia, Gianluigi Califano, Claudia Collà Ruvolo, Caterina Sagnelli, Antonello Sica, Armando Calogero, Fabrizio Iacono, Ferdinando Fusco, Vincenzo Mirone and Nicola Longo

Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1475; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12061475 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2117

Abstract

The management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and previous or synchronous colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a challenging issue. A systematic review was performed in May 2022 to summarize available evidence about the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of these patients. Twenty-seven studies involving 252 patients were identified. Overall, 163 (64.7%) and 89 (35.3%) patients had synchronous and metachronous PCa and CRC, respectively. In patients with synchronous diseases, PCa treatment involved active surveillance in 1 patient, radical prostatectomy (RP) in 36 patients, radiotherapy (RT) in 60 patients, RP plus RT in 1 patient, proton beam therapy in 1 patient, and cryoablation in 1 patient. In patients with previous CRC treatment, prostate biopsy was mostly performed by transrectal approach (n = 24). The trans-perineal and suprapubic approaches were adopted in 12 and 6 cases, respectively. Surgical PCa treatment in these cases involved endoscopic extraperitoneal RP, robot-assisted RP, and not otherwise specified RP in 30, 15, and 2 cases, respectively. Biochemical recurrence rates ranged from 20% to 28%. Non-surgical PCa treatment options included brachytherapy, RT plus androgen deprivation therapy, and RT alone in 23, 2 and 4 patients, respectively. PCa specific survival was reported by one study and was 100%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer)

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