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Diagnostics
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Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0
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Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 15352

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonio Basile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Radiology Unit I, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” – University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: interventional radiology; vascular imaging; CT; ECD; vascular access; nutcracker syndrome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio Granata

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “Cannizzaro” Emergency Hospital, Catania, Italy
Interests: doppler ultrasound; contrast enhanced ultrasound; vascular access; renovascular hypertension; chronic kidney disease; nutcracker syndrome; kidney transplantation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nephrology is a clinical specialty that recognizes the importance of advanced diagnostic imaging tools for the evaluation of parenchyma and vessels that can be involved in both acute and chronic renal pathologies and also benefits from vascular interventional procedures for the management of vascular accesses that are indispensable for replacement therapies of renal function.

In this Special Issue, we collect the experiences of authors with proven experience in nephrological and vascular imaging, both for diagnostic and interventional purposes, and through a series of review articles, meta-analyses, and original studies, we aim to establish the state of the art, to provide a useful guide to daily activity for both clinical nephrologists and radiologists.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Basile
Prof. Dr. Antonio Granata
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ECD
  • vascular access
  • reno-vascular hypertension
  • chronic kidney disease
  • nutcracker syndrome
  • kidney transplantation
  • interventional radiology
  • vascular imaging
  • CT

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2113 KiB  
Article
Changes in CT-Based Morphological Features of the Kidney with Declining Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Yoon Ho Choi, Seongho Jo, Ro Woon Lee, Ji-Eun Kim, Jin Hyuk Paek, Byoungje Kim, Soo-Yong Shin, Seun Deuk Hwang, Seoung Woo Lee, Joon Ho Song and Kipyo Kim
Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 402; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics13030402 - 22 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1783
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involves morphological changes in the kidney, such as decreased length and thickness, with associated histopathological alterations. However, the relationship between morphological changes in the kidneys and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has not been quantitatively and comprehensively evaluated. We [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involves morphological changes in the kidney, such as decreased length and thickness, with associated histopathological alterations. However, the relationship between morphological changes in the kidneys and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has not been quantitatively and comprehensively evaluated. We evaluated the three-dimensional size and shape of the kidney using computed tomography (CT)-derived features in relation to kidney function. We included 257 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent non-contrast abdominal CT at the Inha University Hospital. The features were quantified using predefined algorithms in the pyRadiomics package after kidney segmentation. All features, except for flatness, significantly correlated with estimated GFR (eGFR). The surface-area-to-volume ratio (SVR) showed the strongest negative correlation (r = −0.75, p < 0.0001). Kidney size features, such as volume and diameter, showed moderate to high positive correlations; other morphological features showed low to moderate correlations. The calculated area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for different features ranged from 0.51 (for elongation) to 0.86 (for SVR) for different eGFR thresholds. Diabetes patients had weaker correlations between the studied features and eGFR and showed less bumpy surfaces in three-dimensional visualization. We identified alterations in the CKD kidney based on various three-dimensional shape and size features, with their potential diagnostic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0)
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12 pages, 2611 KiB  
Article
Super-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Provides Quantification of the Renal Cortical and Medullary Vasculature in Obese Zucker Rats: A Pilot Study
by Stinne Byrholdt Søgaard, Sofie Bech Andersen, Iman Taghavi, Carlos Armando Villagómez Hoyos, Christina Christoffersen, Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen, Jørgen Arendt Jensen, Michael Bachmann Nielsen and Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1626; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071626 - 04 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1581
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to alterations in the renal vascular structure. This study tested if renal vascular density and tortuosity was quantifiable in vivo in obese rats using microbubble-based super-resolution ultrasound imaging. The kidneys of two [...] Read more.
Obesity is a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to alterations in the renal vascular structure. This study tested if renal vascular density and tortuosity was quantifiable in vivo in obese rats using microbubble-based super-resolution ultrasound imaging. The kidneys of two 11-week-old and two 20-week-old male obese Zucker rats were compared with age-matched male lean Zucker rats. The super-resolution ultrasound images were manually divided into inner medulla, outer medulla, and cortex, and each area was subdivided into arteries and veins. We quantified vascular density and tortuosity, number of detected microbubbles, and generated tracks. For comparison, we assessed glomerular filtration rate, albumin/creatinine ratio, and renal histology to evaluate CKD. The number of detected microbubbles and generated tracks varied between animals and significantly affected quantification of vessel density. In areas with a comparable number of tracks, density increased in the obese animals, concomitant with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and an increase in albumin/creatinine ratio, but without any pathology in the histological staining. The results indicate that super-resolution ultrasound imaging can be used to quantify structural alterations in the renal vasculature. Techniques to generate more comparable number of microbubble tracks and confirmation of the findings in larger-scale studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0)
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9 pages, 3993 KiB  
Article
The Spatial Distribution of Renal Fibrosis Investigated by Micro-probe Terahertz Spectroscopy System
by Han Li, Jiarong Ding, Huan Zhang, Maoting Li and Xueli Lai
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1602; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071602 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1168
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, which is characterized as progressive extracellular matrix accumulation, is a common feature of different stages of chronic kidney disease, and the degree of fibrosis is strongly associated with renal function. In clinical practice, precise understanding of the space distribution of fibrosis [...] Read more.
Renal fibrosis, which is characterized as progressive extracellular matrix accumulation, is a common feature of different stages of chronic kidney disease, and the degree of fibrosis is strongly associated with renal function. In clinical practice, precise understanding of the space distribution of fibrosis is extremely important for the diagnosis and prognosis of renal disease. Rapid advances in terahertz (THz) technology have been made, and this technology has a broad application in bio-detection, as it can interact and measure the collective vibrations and rotations of molecular groups. It is well known that hydroxyproline (HYP) is the key component of collagen, which is synthesized by fibroblasts to maintain the extracellular matrix, and HYP content detection in tissue homogenate can be achieved by classical biochemistry method. In this study, a THz microprobe system was employed to conduct THz microspatial scanning with a resolution of 20 µm. Both the content and distribution of HYP were directly characterized by the THz absorption spectrum. The absorption intensity in the THz spectrum was used to determine HYP density in renal tissues; therefore, the fibrosis change in the kidneys can be determined using THz scanning at micrometer resolution, which provides more possibilities for precise diagnosis of renal fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0)
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9 pages, 5544 KiB  
Article
Hyperspectral Imaging for Assessment of Initial Graft Function in Human Kidney Transplantation
by Sophie Romann, Tristan Wagner, Shadi Katou, Stefan Reuter, Thomas Vogel, Felix Becker, Haluk Morgul, Philipp Houben, Philip Wahl, Andreas Pascher and Sonia Radunz
Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1194; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12051194 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a rapid, non-ionizing technique for the assessment of organ quality and the prediction of delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplantation after static cold storage (SCS, n = 20), as well [...] Read more.
The aim of our study was to evaluate hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a rapid, non-ionizing technique for the assessment of organ quality and the prediction of delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplantation after static cold storage (SCS, n = 20), as well as hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP, n = 18). HSI assessment of the kidney parenchyma was performed during organ preservation and at 10 and 30 min after reperfusion using the TIVITA® Tissue System (Diaspective Vision GmbH, Am Salzhaff, Germany), calculating oxygen saturation (StO2), near-infrared perfusion index (NIR), tissue haemoglobin index (THI), and tissue water index (TWI). Recipient and donor characteristics were comparable between organ preservation groups. Cold ischemic time was significantly longer in the HMP group (14.1 h [3.6–23.1] vs. 8.7h [2.2–17.0], p = 0.002). The overall presence of DGF was comparable between groups (HMP group n = 10 (55.6%), SCS group n = 10 (50.0%)). Prediction of DGF was possible in SCS and HMP kidneys; StO2 at 10 (50.00 [17.75–76.25] vs. 63.17 [27.00–77.75]%, p = 0.0467) and 30 min (57.63 [18.25–78.25] vs. 65.38 [21.25–83.33]%, p = 0.0323) after reperfusion, as well as NIR at 10 (41.75 [1.0–58.00] vs. 48.63 [12.25–69.50], p = 0.0137) and 30 min (49.63 [8.50–66.75] vs. 55.80 [14.75–73.25], p = 0.0261) after reperfusion were significantly lower in DGF kidneys, independent of the organ preservation method. In conclusion, HSI is a reliable method for intraoperative assessment of renal microperfusion, applicable after organ preservation through SCS and HMP, and predicts the development of DGF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0)
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Review

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13 pages, 3491 KiB  
Review
Performing an Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Kidney Biopsy: An Up-To-Date Procedural Review
by Antonio Granata, Giulio Distefano, Francesco Pesce, Yuri Battaglia, Paola Suavo Bulzis, Massimo Venturini, Stefano Palmucci, Vito Cantisani, Antonio Basile and Loreto Gesualdo
Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2186; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11122186 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6923
Abstract
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) has revolutionized the clinical practice of nephrology in the last decades. PRB remains an essential tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of several renal diseases and for the assessment of renal involvement in systemic diseases. In [...] Read more.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) has revolutionized the clinical practice of nephrology in the last decades. PRB remains an essential tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of several renal diseases and for the assessment of renal involvement in systemic diseases. In this study, we examine the different applications and provide a review of the current evidence on the periprocedural management of patients. PRB is recommended in patients with significant proteinuria, hematuria, acute kidney injury, unexpected worsening of renal function, and allograft dysfunction after excluding pre- and post-renal causes. A preliminary ultrasound examination is needed to assess the presence of anatomic anomalies of the kidney and to identify vessels that might be damaged by the needle during the procedure. Kidney biopsy is usually performed in the prone position on the lower pole of the left kidney, whereas in patients with obesity, the supine antero-lateral position is preferred. After preparing a sterile field and the injection of local anesthetics, an automatic spring-loaded biopsy gun is used under ultrasound guidance to obtain samples of renal parenchyma for histopathology. After the procedure, an ultrasound scan must be performed for the prompt identification of potential early bleeding complications. As 33% of complications occur after 8 h and 91% occur within 24 h, the ideal post-procedural observation time is 24 h. PRB is a safe procedure and should be considered a routine part of the clinical practice of nephrology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0)
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Other

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9 pages, 414 KiB  
Opinion
Applied Change Management in Interventional Radiology—Implementation of Percutaneous Thermal Ablation as an Additional Therapeutic Method for Small Renal Masses
by Friedrich M. Lomoschitz and Harald Stummer
Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1301; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12061301 - 24 May 2022
Viewed by 1512
Abstract
Interventional radiology (IR) has the potential to offer minimally invasive therapy. With this potential, new and arising IR methods may sometimes be in competition with established therapies. To introduce new methods, transformational processes are necessary. In organizations, structured methods of change management, such [...] Read more.
Interventional radiology (IR) has the potential to offer minimally invasive therapy. With this potential, new and arising IR methods may sometimes be in competition with established therapies. To introduce new methods, transformational processes are necessary. In organizations, structured methods of change management, such as the eight-step process of Kotter—(1) Establishing a sense of urgency, (2) Creating the guiding coalition, (3) Developing a vision and strategy, (4) Communicating the change vision, (5) Empowering employees for broad-based action, (6) Generating short-term wins, (7) Consolidating gains and producing more change, and (8) Anchoring new approaches in the culture—are applied based on considerable evidence. In this article, the application of Kotter’s model in the clinical context is shown through the structured transformational process of the organizational implementation of the percutaneous thermal ablation of small renal masses. This article is intended to familiarize readers in the medical field with the methods of structured transformational processes applicable to the clinical setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging in Kidney Disease 2.0)
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