Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
4.7
2.9
Journals
Electronics
Special Issues
Control of Microgrids
share announcement

Control of Microgrids

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 18174

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wayne W. Weaver

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
Interests: microgrids; control systems; energy storage systems; optimal control; sliding mode control; renewable energy systems; optimization; stability; game theory; nonlinear control; robust control; Hamiltonian methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microgrids offer a flexible, robust, and controllable way to exchange energy in small-scale power systems. One of the enabling and driving technologies for microgrids is the ever-increasing number of ways to incorporate, configure, and control energy sources, loads, and storage into highly efficient and productive networks. The flexibility that microgrids offer, in combining disparate sources with demanding loads on common networks, requires innovative control and optimization schemes. In fact, perhaps the best way to design a microgrid is to start from the controls and optimization perspective to drive the performance criteria and then select the hardware that best meets the control specifications. The optimization and control design process may start in the matching of sources and energy storage systems that are actuated through power electronic converters to best meet performance requirements. Whether adapting a new control scheme to an existing hardware design or using controls to drive a microgrid design, it is the control systems of microgrids that often drive the performance, security, and efficiency breakthroughs.

We invite submissions to a Special Issue of Electronics in the area of “Control of Microgrids” that introduce innovative and breakthrough control schemes for microgrids. Microgrids of all scales and applications are of interest and include, but are not limited to, the following: larger terrestrial grid-connected, small stand-alone islanded, shipboard, tactical military, and ad hoc systems.

Dr. Wayne W. Weaver
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microgrid
  • Control systems
  • Optimization
  • Stability
  • Game theory
  • Nonlinear control
  • Robust control
  • Hamiltonian methods
  • Energy storage systems
  • Optimal control
  • Sliding mode control
  • Renewable energy systems
  • Protection

Published Papers (6 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 2464 KiB  
Article
Coordinated Control System between Grid–VSC and a DC Microgrid with Hybrid Energy Storage System
by Miguel Montilla-DJesus, Édinson Franco-Mejía, Edwin Rivas Trujillo, José Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo and Santiago Arnaltes
Electronics 2021, 10(21), 2699; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics10212699 - 04 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Direct current microgrids (DCMGs) are currently presented as an alternative solution for small systems that feed sensitive electrical loads into DC. According to the scientific literature, DCMG maintains good voltage regulation. However, when the system is in islanded mode, very pronounced voltage variations [...] Read more.
Direct current microgrids (DCMGs) are currently presented as an alternative solution for small systems that feed sensitive electrical loads into DC. According to the scientific literature, DCMG maintains good voltage regulation. However, when the system is in islanded mode, very pronounced voltage variations are presented, compromising the system’s ability to achieve reliable and stable energy management. Therefore, the authors propose a solution, connecting the electrical network through a grid-tied voltage source converter (GVSC) in order to reduce voltage variations. A coordinated control strategy between the DCMG and GVSC is proposed to regulate the DC voltage and find a stable power flow between the various active elements, which feed the load. The results show that the control strategy between the GVSC and DCMG, when tested under different disturbances, improves the performance of the system, making it more reliable and stable. Furthermore, the GVSC supports the AC voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) without reducing the operating capacity of the DCMG and without exceeding even its most restrictive limit. All simulations were carried out in MATLAB 2020. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Microgrids)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 5227 KiB  
Article
Research on Control Strategy of Isolated DC Microgrid Based on SOC of Energy Storage System
by Jiechao Lv, Xiaoli Wang, Guishuo Wang and Yuhou Song
Electronics 2021, 10(7), 834; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics10070834 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2941
Abstract
With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, islanded DC microgrids have received extensive attention in the field of distributed power generation due to their plug-and-play, flexible operation modes and convenient power conversion, and are likely to be one of the mainstream structures [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, islanded DC microgrids have received extensive attention in the field of distributed power generation due to their plug-and-play, flexible operation modes and convenient power conversion, and are likely to be one of the mainstream structures of microgrids in the future. The islanded DC microgrid contains multiple distributed power generation units. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is the main controlled unit used to smooth power fluctuations. The main parameter of concern is the state of charge (SOC). In order to maintain the stability of the microgrid, this paper takes the islanded DC microgrid as the research object and designs a control strategy based on the SOC of the BESS. Additionally, in the control strategy, the BESS’s energy balance control strategy and the microgrid’s operation control strategy are emphatically designed. The designed BESS control strategy adjusts the droop coefficient in real time according to the SOC of the battery energy storage unit (BESU), and controls the charge and discharge power of the BESU to achieve the SOC balance among the BESUs. The microgrid operation control strategy takes the energy storage system (ESS) as the main controlled unit to suppress power fluctuations, and distributes the power of distributed power sources according to the SOC of the BESS to achieve power balance in the microgrid, and control the DC bus voltage fluctuation deviation within 4.5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Microgrids)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 2270 KiB  
Article
Energy Storage Power and Energy Sizing and Specification Using HSSPFC
by Mehrzad M. Bijaieh, Wayne W. Weaver and Rush D. Robinett III
Electronics 2020, 9(4), 638; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics9040638 - 13 Apr 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2075
Abstract
The intermittent nature of renewable sources requires the integration of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) with appropriate power and energy densities. One of the applications of Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is to size ESSs for power and energy densities by [...] Read more.
The intermittent nature of renewable sources requires the integration of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) with appropriate power and energy densities. One of the applications of Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) is to size ESSs for power and energy densities by employing them as sole actuators of Microgrid (MG) systems. This Article provides a comprehensive yet simplified example of utilization of HSSPFC to size ESSs of inverter-based three-phase MG systems under hierarchical control. Here, the distributed Hamiltonian controller is expanded for control of parallel ESSs and power sharing metrics are defined to distribute power between hybrid storage systems according to their power and energy density capabilities. Simulated hybrid ESSs comprising battery and flywheel systems are used as examples to demonstrate the behaviour of the expanded control, verify the power sharing criteria and illustrate ESS design and specification by utilizing HSSPFC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Microgrids)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2502 KiB  
Article
A Graph Theory Method for Identification of a Minimum Breakpoint Set for Directional Relay Coordination
by Ronald C. Matthews, Matthew J. Reno and Adam K. Summers
Electronics 2019, 8(12), 1376; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics8121376 - 20 Nov 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2828
Abstract
The energy grid becomes more complex with increasing penetration of renewable resources, distributed energy storage, distributed generators, and more diverse loads such as electric vehicle charging stations. The presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires directional protection due to the added potential for [...] Read more.
The energy grid becomes more complex with increasing penetration of renewable resources, distributed energy storage, distributed generators, and more diverse loads such as electric vehicle charging stations. The presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) requires directional protection due to the added potential for energy to flow in both directions down the line. Additionally, contingency requirements for critical loads within a microgrid may result in looped or meshed systems. Computation speeds of iterative methods required to coordinate loops are improved by starting with a minimum breakpoint set (MBPS) of relays. A breakpoint set (BPS) is a set of breakers such that, when opened, breaks all loops in a mesh grid creating a radial system. A MBPS is a BPS that consists of the minimum possible number of relays required to accomplish this goal. In this paper, a method is proposed in which a minimum spanning tree is computed to indirectly break all loops in the system, and a set difference is used to identify the MBPS. The proposed method is found to minimize the cardinality of the BPS to achieve a MBPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Microgrids)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1527 KiB  
Article
Droop Control in DQ Coordinates for Fixed Frequency Inverter-Based AC Microgrids
by Mohamed Toub, Mehrzad M. Bijaieh, Wayne W. Weaver, Rush D. Robinett III, Mohamed Maaroufi and Ghassane Aniba
Electronics 2019, 8(10), 1168; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics8101168 - 15 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3419
Abstract
This paper presents a proof-of-concept for a novel dq droop control technique that applies DC droop control methods to fixed frequency inverter-based AC microgrids using the dq0 transformation. Microgrids are usually composed of distributed generation units (DGUs) that are electronically coupled to each [...] Read more.
This paper presents a proof-of-concept for a novel dq droop control technique that applies DC droop control methods to fixed frequency inverter-based AC microgrids using the dq0 transformation. Microgrids are usually composed of distributed generation units (DGUs) that are electronically coupled to each other through power converters. An inherent property of inverter-based microgrids is that, unlike microgrids with spinning machines, the frequency of the parallel-connected DGUs is a global variable independent from the output power since the inverters can control the output waveform frequency with a high level of precision. Therefore, conventional droop control methods that distort the system frequency are not suitable for microgrids operating at a fixed frequency. It is shown that the proposed distributed droop control allows accurate sharing of the active and reactive power without altering the microgrid frequency. The simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed droop control. Indeed, following a load change, the dq droop controller was able to share both active and reactive power between the DGUs, whereas maintaining the microgrid frequency deviation at 0% and the bus voltage deviations below 6% of their respective nominal values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Microgrids)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

22 pages, 2245 KiB  
Review
Distributed Control Methods and Impact of Communication Failure in AC Microgrids: A Comparative Review
by Fateme Aghaee, Nima Mahdian Dehkordi, Navid Bayati and Amin Hajizadeh
Electronics 2019, 8(11), 1265; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronics8111265 - 01 Nov 2019
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4367
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to review and compare the distributed control methods in AC microgrids and also to identify the impact of communication failure on this type of the controller. The current AC microgrids are distinguished from the traditional power system [...] Read more.
The objectives of this paper are to review and compare the distributed control methods in AC microgrids and also to identify the impact of communication failure on this type of the controller. The current AC microgrids are distinguished from the traditional power system topologies because of the high penetration of advanced control methods, measurements, sensors, power electronic devices, and communication links. Also, because of the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, control strategy for congestion management, frequency control, and optimal dispatch of microgrids has become more complicated. This paper explains the characteristics and features of distributed control systems and discusses the challenges of these approaches. In addition, a comprehensive review of the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are explained in detail. On the other hand, the possible challenges, related to communication failure, noise, delay, and packet dropout on the operation of the distributed controller are presented, and several techniques, which reduce the impact of communication failure of the distributed controller, are compared. This comprehensive study on distributed control systems reveals the challenges in and future possible studies on this issue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Microgrids)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-6
Back to TopTop