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Adsorption Technology to Optimize Hydrogen Production Processes: From Fundamental Research to Process Design

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 10179

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: adsorption; carbon capture; ionic liquids; kinetic modelling; fractal dynamics in heterogeneous processes

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Guest Editor
Unit of Process Engineering, Department of Engineering, University “Campus Bio-Medico” di Roma, Via Álvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: chemical process engineering; carbon capture storage and utilization; hydrogen; water-energy nexus
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite submission of original contributions to a Special Issue of the journal Energies on the recent developments in adsorption technology applied to hydrogen production and separation processes.

Nowadays hydrogen is gaining an ever-increasing importance in different sectors such as energy production, chemical industry, metallurgy and food processing. The development of high-efficiency processes for increasing the productivity and purity of H2 is mandatory to foster the commercialization of advanced production technologies. Moreover, hydrogen production processes are fundamental in many decarbonization pathways including the generation of hydrogen-rich mixtures from fossil fuels, and contextually separating CO2 (pre-combustion schemes). Adsorption represents a versatile and low-cost purification technology which can play a key-role in this framework.

Potential topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Adsorption of gaseous species (e.g. H2S, H2O, hydrocarbons) from gaseous streams (e.g. natural gas) in reforming processes;
  • CO2 adsorption from CO2/H2 mixtures in pre-combustion plants;
  • Sorption-enhanced gasification or sorption-enhanced steam reforming of different feedstocks (e.g. fossil fuels or biomasses).

We welcome papers dealing with: i) experimental and theoretical adsorption studies on conventional (e.g. activated carbons, zeolites, CaO) and emerging sorbents (e.g. MOF, carbon nanotubes), where thermodynamic, kinetic, and thermo/fluid-dynamic analyses are performed; ii) relationships between sorbent properties and adsorption performances also predicted by means of machine learning (e.g. artificial neural network, ANN) and statistical thermodynamic methods; iii) reactor configuration (e.g. fixed, rotating and fluidized beds), sorbent regeneration and plant design (e.g. temperature, pressure, vacuum, electric swing adsorption) also with the integration of renewable energy sources; iv) process and techno-economic analysis also via commercial software and by implementing other methodologies (exergy analysis, exergoeconomic analysis, life cycle assessment).

Dr. Marco Balsamo
Prof. Mauro Capocelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydrogen
  • Adsorption
  • Sorption-enhanced processes
  • Carbon capture
  • Thermodynamics
  • Kinetics
  • Transport phenomena
  • Fluid-dynamics
  • Machine learning
  • Fixed beds
  • Rotating beds
  • Fluidized beds
  • Calcium looping
  • Swing adsorption processes
  • Sorbent regeneration
  • Plant design & economics
  • Process analysis
  • Process simulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 14749 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of VPSA Technology Retrofitted to Steam Reforming Hydrogen Plants to Capture CO2 and Produce Blue H2
by Mauro Luberti, Alexander Brown, Marco Balsamo and Mauro Capocelli
Energies 2022, 15(3), 1091; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15031091 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy and commodities has led to escalating greenhouse gas emissions, the chief of which is represented by carbon dioxide (CO2). Blue hydrogen (H2), a low-carbon hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture technologies applied, [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for energy and commodities has led to escalating greenhouse gas emissions, the chief of which is represented by carbon dioxide (CO2). Blue hydrogen (H2), a low-carbon hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture technologies applied, has been suggested as a possible alternative to fossil fuels in processes with hard-to-abate emission sources, including refining, chemical, petrochemical and transport sectors. Due to the recent international directives aimed to combat climate change, even existing hydrogen plants should be retrofitted with carbon capture units. To optimize the process economics of such retrofit, it has been proposed to remove CO2 from the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) tail gas to exploit the relatively high CO2 concentration. This study aimed to design and numerically investigate a vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) process capable of capturing CO2 from the PSA tail gas of an industrial steam methane reforming (SMR)-based hydrogen plant using NaX zeolite adsorbent. The effect of operating conditions, such as purge-to-feed ratio and desorption pressure, were evaluated in relation to CO2 purity, CO2 recovery, bed productivity and specific energy consumption. We found that conventional cycle configurations, namely a 2-bed, 4-step Skarstrom cycle and a 2-bed, 6-step modified Skarstrom cycle with pressure equalization, were able to concentrate CO2 to a purity greater than 95% with a CO2 recovery of around 77% and 90%, respectively. Therefore, the latter configuration could serve as an efficient process to decarbonize existing hydrogen plants and produce blue H2. Full article
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11 pages, 1413 KiB  
Article
Small-Scaled Production of Blue Hydrogen with Reduced Carbon Footprint
by Yuriy Zagashvili, Aleksey Kuzmin, George Buslaev and Valentin Morenov
Energies 2021, 14(16), 5194; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14165194 - 22 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
This article reviews a method of hydrogen production based on partial non-catalytic oxidation of natural gas in an original synthesis gas generator. The working principles of the unit are similar to those of liquid-propellant rocket engines. This paper presents a description of the [...] Read more.
This article reviews a method of hydrogen production based on partial non-catalytic oxidation of natural gas in an original synthesis gas generator. The working principles of the unit are similar to those of liquid-propellant rocket engines. This paper presents a description of the operation and technical characteristics of the synthesis gas generator. Its application in the creation of small-scaled plants with a capacity of up to 5–7 thousand m3/h of hydrogen is justified. Hydrogen production in the developed installation requires a two-stage method and includes a technological unit for producing a hydrogen-containing gas. Typical balance compositions of hydrogen-containing gas at the synthesis gas generator’s outlet are given. To increase the hydrogen concentration, it is proposed to carry out a two-stage steam catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas at the synthesis gas generator’s outlet using a single Cu–Zn–cement-containing composition. Based on thermodynamic calculations, quasi-optimal modes of natural gas partial oxidation with oxygen are formulated and the results of material balance calculation for the installation are presented. In order to produce “blue” hydrogen, the scheme of carbon dioxide separation and liquefaction is developed. The conclusion section of the paper contains the test results of a pilot demonstration unit and the recommendations for improving the technology and preventing soot formation. Full article
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14 pages, 1559 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Purification Performance Optimization of Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption on Different Activated Carbons
by Jinsheng Xiao, Ang Mei, Wei Tao, Shuo Ma, Pierre Bénard and Richard Chahine
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2450; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14092450 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4263
Abstract
Hydrogen purification is an important part of hydrogen energy utilization. This study aimed to perform hydrogen purification of multi-component gas (H2/CO2/CH4/CO/N2 = 0.79/0.17/0.021/0.012/0.007) by one-column vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA). AC5-KS [...] Read more.
Hydrogen purification is an important part of hydrogen energy utilization. This study aimed to perform hydrogen purification of multi-component gas (H2/CO2/CH4/CO/N2 = 0.79/0.17/0.021/0.012/0.007) by one-column vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA). AC5-KS was selected as the adsorbent for hydrogen purification due to its greater adsorption capacity compared to R2030. Furthermore, VPSA and PSA 10-step cycle models were established to simulate the hydrogen purification process using the Aspen Adsorption platform. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen purification performance of VPSA is better than that of PSA on AC5-KS adsorbent. The effects of feeding time and purging time on hydrogen purity and recovery were also discussed. Results showed that feeding time has a negative effect on hydrogen purity and a positive effect on hydrogen recovery, while purging time has a positive effect on hydrogen purity and a negative effect on hydrogen recovery. By using an artificial neural network (ANN), the relationship between the inputs (feeding time and purging time) and outputs (hydrogen purity and recovery) was established. Based on the ANN, the interior point method was applied to optimize hydrogen purification performance. Considering two optimization cases, the optimized feeding time and purging time were obtained. The optimization results showed that the maximum hydrogen recovery reached 88.65% when the feeding time was 223 s and the purging time was 96 s. The maximum hydrogen purity reached 99.33% when the feeding time was 100 s and the purging time was 45 s. Full article
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