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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H1: Petroleum Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 January 2022) | Viewed by 19209

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maciej Chaczykowski

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
Interests: fluid and thermal energy systems analysis; modeling, simulation and optimization of pipeline systems

Prof. Dr. Mariusz Łaciak

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Guest Editor

Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty, AGH University of Science and Technology, PL30059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: LNG technologies; design, construction and operation of natural gas networks; alternate gas fuels

Prof. Dr. Andrzej J. Osiadacz

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Guest Editor

Department of Building Installations, Hydrotechnics and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20, Nowowiejska Street, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: hydraulics of fluid networks; optimal control; simulation and optimization of fluid networks; numerical methods
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editors are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering.” The Special Issue is motivated by rapid changes in the global energy mix and opportunities arising from the flexibility and performance characteristics of natural gas. Gas sector has a vital environmental, economic, and security role to play in the sustainable energy future. The existing gas infrastructure is a valuable long-term asset for ensuring reliability, providing backbone for transport of renewable gases, and supporting integration of more renewables into the energy system.

There have been many emerging techniques for effective management of the gas grids. This Special Issue will deal with novel optimization and control techniques for gas grids and natural gas end-use applications. Topics of interest for publication include:

Optimization of operation of gas transport systems
Gas distribution networks: managing the diversification of gas quality
Recent software development in pipeline systems modelling and simulation
Small scale LNG and distributed energy technologies
Effect of Power-to-Gas conversion on gas sector
Decarbonisation of the gas grids: blending biomethane/hydrogen and natural gas
Natural gas end use applications for hybrid systems

Prof. Dr. Maciej Chaczykowski
Prof. Dr. Mariusz Łaciak
Prof. Dr. Andrzej J. Osiadacz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Pipeline systems modeling and control
Energy and economic efficiency of gas infrastructures
Power-to-Gas
Hydrogen/natural gas blend transport and use
Decentralized renewable gas injection into gas grid
Small scale liquefaction and regasification facilities
Integration of renewable energies in midstream applications

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 11794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Effects of Failure of a Gas Pipeline Caused by a Mechanical Damage

by Andrzej Rusin, Katarzyna Stolecka-Antczak, Krzysztof Kapusta, Krzysztof Rogoziński and Krzysztof Rusin

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7686; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227686 - 17 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2228

Abstract

Natural gas continues to be one of the basic energy sources used as fuel in the power sector, in industries and in households. The potential and attractiveness of this fuel is gaining special significance in the current energy transitions from coal-based power engineering to power generation based on renewable energy sources. Natural gas is supplied to consumers mainly through a network of pipelines, which ensures a relatively high reliability of the supply. Still, failures occur due to the corrosion of pipeline walls, material defects or human errors, which can result in uncontrolled release of gas. The released gas can trigger dangerous phenomena, such as fires and explosions. This paper presents an analysis of the causes and effects of damage to a medium-pressure pipeline caused by earthworks carried out within an area where a pipeline is located. Holes in the pipeline due to the impact of an excavator bucket are analysed. The impact of the excavator bucket may cause a rupture equal to 50% of the pipeline’s cross-sectional area. Hazard zones related to fires and explosions due to the released natural gas are presented. For the analysed pipeline with a diameter of 0.5 m and a gas pressure of 5 MPa, the range of hazard zones arising due to pipeline damage caused by an excavator bucket can reach about 200 m. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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20 pages, 20875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Analysis of CNG Fast Filling Process of Composite Cylinder Type IV

by Adam Saferna, Piotr Saferna, Szymon Kuczyński, Mariusz Łaciak, Adam Szurlej and Tomasz Włodek

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5568; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14175568 - 06 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3529

Abstract

Due to ecological and economic advantages, natural gas is used as an alternative fuel in the transportation sector in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Development of infrastructure is necessary to popularize vehicles that use alternative fuels. Selected positive factors from EU countries supporting the development of the CNG market were discussed. The process of natural gas vehicle (NGV) fast filling is related to thermodynamic phenomena occurring in a tank. In this study, the first law of thermodynamics and continuity equations were applied to develop a theoretical model to investigate the effects of natural gas composition on the filling process and the final in-cylinder conditions of NGV on-board composite cylinder (type IV). Peng–Robinson equation of state (P-R EOS) was applied, and a lightweight composite tank (type IV) was considered as an adiabatic system. The authors have devised a model to determine the influence of natural gas composition on the selected thermodynamic parameters during fast filling: Joule–Thomson (J-T) coefficient, in-cylinder gas temperature, mass flow rate profiles, in-cylinder mass increase, natural gas density change, ambient temperature on the final natural gas temperature, influence of an ambient temperature on the amount of refueled natural gas mass. Results emphasize the importance of natural gas composition as an important parameter for the filling process of the NGV on-board composite tank (type IV). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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18 pages, 877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonlinear Steady-State Optimization of Large-Scale Gas Transmission Networks

by Andrzej J. Osiadacz and Małgorzata Kwestarz

Energies 2021, 14(10), 2832; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14102832 - 14 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1407

Abstract

The major optimization problem of the gas transmission system is to determine how to operate the compressors in a network to deliver a given flow within the pressure bounds while using minimum compressor power (minimum fuel consumption or maximum network efficiency). Minimization of fuel usage is a major objective to control gas transmission costs. This is one of the problems that has received most of the attention from both practitioners and researchers because of its economic impact. The article describes the algorithm of steady-state optimization of a high-pressure gas network of any structure that minimizes the operating cost of compressors. The developed algorithm uses the “sequential quadratic programming (SQP)” method. The tests carried out on the real network segment confirmed the correctness of the developed algorithm and, at the same time, proved its computational efficiency. Computational results obtained with the SQP method demonstrate the viability of this approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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19 pages, 1392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Optimization of Gas Pipeline Networks

by Andrzej J. Osiadacz and Niccolo Isoli

Energies 2020, 13(19), 5141; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13195141 - 02 Oct 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2140

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to prove that bi-objective optimization of high-pressure gas networks ensures grater system efficiency than scalar optimization. The proposed algorithm searches for a trade-off between minimization of the running costs of compressors and maximization of gas networks capacity (security of gas supply to customers). The bi-criteria algorithm was developed using a gradient projection method to solve the nonlinear constrained optimization problem, and a hierarchical vector optimization method. To prove the correctness of the algorithm, three existing networks have been solved. A comparison between the scalar optimization and bi-criteria optimization results confirmed the advantages of the bi-criteria optimization approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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21 pages, 4680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas Composition Changes on Methane Number as a Fuel Quality Requirement

by Szymon Kuczyński, Mariusz Łaciak, Adam Szurlej and Tomasz Włodek

Energies 2020, 13(19), 5060; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13195060 - 26 Sep 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4385

Abstract

The one of main quality requirements of natural gas as an engine fuel is the methane number (MN). This parameter indicates the fuel’s capability to avoid knocking in the engine. A higher MN value indicates a better natural gas quality for gas engines. Natural gas with higher methane content tends to have higher MN value. This study presents analysis of deviation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) composition and its impact on LNG quality as an engine fuel. The analysis of higher hydrocarbons and nitrogen content impact on LNG parameters was considered for several samples of LNG compositions. Most engine manufacturers want to set a new, lower limit value for methane number at 80. This fact causes significant restrictions on the range of variability in the composition of liquefied natural gas. The goal of this study was to determine the combination of the limit content of individual components in liquefied natural gas to achieve the strict methane number criterion (MN > 80). To fulfill this criterion, the methane content in LNG would have to exceed 93.7%mol, and a significant part of the LNG available on the market does not meet these requirements. The analysis also indicated that the methane number cannot be the only qualitative criterion, as its variability depends strongly on the LNG composition. To determine the applicability of LNG as an engine fuel, the simultaneous application of the methane number and Wobbe index criteria was proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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17 pages, 1431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Advanced Turbine System Program on Innovation in Natural Gas Technology

by Kelly A. Stevens

Energies 2020, 13(19), 5057; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13195057 - 25 Sep 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1948

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of a U.S. government-sponsored research program on advanced natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) innovations in the 1990s. From 1992–2000, the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) partnered with turbine manufacturers General Electric (GE) and Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation (SWPC) in a cost-sharing partnership called the Advanced Turbine System program to promote efficiency innovations for NGCC technology. Using data from the European Patent Office’s worldwide patent database (PATSTAT), this study evaluates advanced turbine technology innovations by the program participants and their competitors. Using a negative binomial model, this approach shows GE increased the relative quantity of their patents towards the end of the program and afterwards, indicating the program led to more advanced NGCC innovations for GE. SWPC, on the other hand, had higher patent citations for patents filed during the DOE program relative to competitors, indicating SWPC had higher-quality advanced NGCC innovations due to new partnerships from the U.S. DOE program. However, this analysis reveals there was not a lack of this activity taking place before the program started, and that the overall impact of the program appears small based on the patent analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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15 pages, 2620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Data-Driven Approach for Lithology Identification Based on Parameter-Optimized Ensemble Learning

by Zhixue Sun, Baosheng Jiang, Xiangling Li, Jikang Li and Kang Xiao

Energies 2020, 13(15), 3903; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en13153903 - 30 Jul 2020

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 2683

Abstract

The identification of underground formation lithology can serve as a basis for petroleum exploration and development. This study integrates Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with Bayesian Optimization (BO) for formation lithology identification and comprehensively evaluated the performance of the proposed classifier based on the metrics of the confusion matrix, precision, recall, F1-score and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The data of this study are derived from Daniudui gas field and the Hangjinqi gas field, which includes 2153 samples with known lithology facies class with each sample having seven measured properties (well log curves), and corresponding depth. The results show that BO significantly improves parameter optimization efficiency. The AUC values of the test sets of the two gas fields are 0.968 and 0.987, respectively, indicating that the proposed method has very high generalization performance. Additionally, we compare the proposed algorithm with Gradient Tree Boosting-Differential Evolution (GTB-DE) using the same dataset. The results demonstrated that the average of precision, recall and F1 score of the proposed method are respectively 4.85%, 5.7%, 3.25% greater than GTB-ED. The proposed XGBoost-BO ensemble model can automate the procedure of lithology identification, and it may also be used in the prediction of other reservoir properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques and Technologies in Natural Gas Research and Engineering)

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