Research

13 pages, 8462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sinusoidal Control of a Brushless DC Motor with Misalignment of Hall Sensors

by Krzysztof Kolano, Bartosz Drzymała and Jakub Gęca

Energies 2021, 14(13), 3845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14133845 - 25 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3186

This article presents an estimation method of the BLDC rotor position with asymmetrically arranged Hall sensors. Position estimation is necessary to control the motor by methods other than block commutation. A sinusoidal control method was selected for the research, which significantly reduces torque [...] Read more.

This article presents an estimation method of the BLDC rotor position with asymmetrically arranged Hall sensors. Position estimation is necessary to control the motor by methods other than block commutation. A sinusoidal control method was selected for the research, which significantly reduces torque ripples and acoustic noise and is quite simple to implement. Inaccurate performance of the elements determining the position of the BLDC motor rotor causes a large error in the position estimation and has a negative impact on the operation of the drive controlled in this way. Using the developed control algorithms, it is possible to correctly determine the mechanical position of the rotor even for multi-pole motors. The proposed method is relatively easy to implement and does not require modification of control systems, being limited to changes only in the software of such devices. The tests of the actual system clearly show the usefulness of such a control method and its effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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19 pages, 9827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electromagnetic Design of High-Power and High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Loss Characteristics

by Wen Ji, Fei Ni, Dinggang Gao, Shihui Luo, Qichao Lv and Dongyuan Lv

Energies 2021, 14(12), 3622; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14123622 - 18 Jun 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2609

Abstract

The motor is an important part of the flywheel energy storage system. The flywheel energy storage system realizes the absorption and release of electric energy through the motor, and the high-performance, low-loss, high-power, high-speed motors are key components to improve the energy conversion [...] Read more.

The motor is an important part of the flywheel energy storage system. The flywheel energy storage system realizes the absorption and release of electric energy through the motor, and the high-performance, low-loss, high-power, high-speed motors are key components to improve the energy conversion efficiency of energy storage flywheels. This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator (PMSG) used in the magnetically levitated flywheel energy storage system (FESS) and calculates the loss characteristics in the drive and power generation modes. Based on this, the electromagnetic part of the motor is optimized in detail. Aiming at this design, this paper calculates the loss characteristics of driving and power generation modes in detail, including its winding loss, core loss, rotor eddy current loss and mechanical loss. The calculation results show that the design meets the loss requirements. It can reduce the no-load loss of the permanent magnet synchronous motor at high speed and improve the energy conversion efficiency, which gives this system practical application prospects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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14 pages, 4914 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of a High-Speed Motor for Electric Turbochargers in Relation to Eccentricity

by Tae-Woo Lee and Do-Kwan Hong

Energies 2021, 14(11), 3340; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14113340 - 07 Jun 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2632

Abstract

As the demand for eco-friendly, high-efficiency transportation technologies increase due to climate change, a high-speed electric motor, a key component of an electric turbocharger, has been developed that can reduce emissions and increase fuel efficiency. Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute with Keyyang Precision Co., [...] Read more.

As the demand for eco-friendly, high-efficiency transportation technologies increase due to climate change, a high-speed electric motor, a key component of an electric turbocharger, has been developed that can reduce emissions and increase fuel efficiency. Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute with Keyyang Precision Co., Ltd., developed a high-speed surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. It operates at a power of 3 kW at 100,000 rpm and is intended to fit 1600 cc diesel vehicles. In this paper, the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the high-speed motor were reviewed in consideration of the effect of eccentricity among the various causes that affect vibration. It was confirmed that eccentricity affected the distribution of the electromagnetic force and inductance of the winding due to the uneven air-gap. Additional vibration was generated at the half of pole passing frequency (1666.67 Hz). Diagnosing the presence or absence of eccentricity when driving a motor takes a great deal of time and cost because the load is separated or the motor is diagnosed through disassembly and measurement. The characteristics of eccentricity identified in this paper can be checked using a relatively simple method when diagnosing the presence or absence of actual eccentricity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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17 pages, 4893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization and Characteristics Analysis of High Torque Density 12/8 Switched Reluctance Motor Using Metaheuristic Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

by Md Sydur Rahman, Grace Firsta Lukman, Pham Trung Hieu, Kwang-Il Jeong and Jin-Woo Ahn

Energies 2021, 14(7), 2013; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14072013 - 05 Apr 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2838

Abstract

In this paper, the optimization and characteristics analysis of a three-phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for electric vehicles (EVs) application is presented. This research aims to enhance the output torque density of the proposed SRM. [...] Read more.

In this paper, the optimization and characteristics analysis of a three-phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on a Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for electric vehicles (EVs) application is presented. This research aims to enhance the output torque density of the proposed SRM. Finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the characteristics and optimization process of the proposed motor. The proposed metaheuristic GWO combines numerous objective functions and design constraints with different weight factors. Maximum flux density, current density, and motor volume are selected as the optimization constraints, which play a significant role in the optimization process. GWO performs optimization for each iteration and sends it to FEM software to analyze the performance before starting another iteration until the optimized value is found. Simulations are employed to understand the characteristics of the proposed motor. Finally, the optimized prototype motor is manufactured and performance is verified by experiment. It is shown that the torque can be increased by 120% for the same outer volume, by using the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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21 pages, 11478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on Common Mode Voltage Reduction Strategies According to Modulation Methods in Modular Multilevel Converter

by Chang-Hwan Park, In-Kyo Seo, Belete Belayneh Negesse, Jong-su Yoon and Jang-Mok Kim

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1607; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14061607 - 14 Mar 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2053

Abstract

Low level modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising candidate for medium voltage applications such as MVDC (medium voltage DC current) transmission and megawatt machine drives. Unlike high-level MMC using nearest level modulation (NLM), the low-level MMC using the pulse width modulation (PWM) [...] Read more.

Low level modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising candidate for medium voltage applications such as MVDC (medium voltage DC current) transmission and megawatt machine drives. Unlike high-level MMC using nearest level modulation (NLM), the low-level MMC using the pulse width modulation (PWM) or NLM + PWM is affected by a common mode voltage (CMV) due to a frequent change of a switching state. This CMV causes electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, common mode current (CMC) and bearing current leading to a reduction in the efficiency and durability of the motor drive system. Therefore, this paper provides a mathematical analysis on how the switching state affects the CMV and proposes three software based CMV reduction algorithms for the low level MMC system. To reflect the characteristic of MMC modulation strategy for upper and lower reference voltage independently, two separate space vectors are used. Based on the analysis, three different CMV reduction algorithms (complete CMV reduction (CCR), DPWM CMV reduction (DCR) and partial CMV reduction (PCR)) are proposed using NLC + PWM modulation strategy. The performance of the proposed CMV reduction algorithms was verified by both simulation and experimental result. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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9 pages, 5155 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Performance Characteristics of a Dual-Stator, Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine with Support Bar

by Jang-Hyun Park, Grace Firsta Lukman, Do-Hyun Kang and Jin-Woo Ahn

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1068; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14041068 - 18 Feb 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1939

Abstract

Permanent magnet Vernier machine (PMVM) is a strong candidate for direct-drive applications in low-speed region because its power characteristic is higher than conventional permanent magnet machine (PMM). In this paper, the design of a dual-stator PMVM (DSPMVM) with spoke-type rotor is introduced. As [...] Read more.

Permanent magnet Vernier machine (PMVM) is a strong candidate for direct-drive applications in low-speed region because its power characteristic is higher than conventional permanent magnet machine (PMM). In this paper, the design of a dual-stator PMVM (DSPMVM) with spoke-type rotor is introduced. As a radial motor with dual-stator configuration, one on the outer and inner side, the rotor is equipped with support bars for practical and simple manufacturing, which is the aim of this study. The characteristics and performance of the proposed machine with and without the support bar are examined with finite element analysis (FEA). The DSPMVM and the support were manufactured and tested through experiments to verify proposed structure. Both simulation and experiment results show that there is little to no difference in performance when the support bar is equipped. Furthermore, the average deviation between simulation and experiment results is approximately 7% which is within the acceptable range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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15 pages, 7116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Position Control of Overhang-Type Rail Mover Using Dual BLAC Motor

by Kiwan Cho and Dong-Hee Lee

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1000; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14041000 - 14 Feb 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1896

Abstract

This paper presents the design and position control scheme of an overhang-type rail mover system driven by a dual Brushless AC (BLAC) motor with a simple Hall position sensor inside each motor. The overhang-type roller is chosen to reduce the slip between the [...] Read more.

This paper presents the design and position control scheme of an overhang-type rail mover system driven by a dual Brushless AC (BLAC) motor with a simple Hall position sensor inside each motor. The overhang-type roller is chosen to reduce the slip between the roller and rail surface due to gravity. The BLAC motors are used to provide smooth translation along the rail and effective turning. Imbalances on any part of the motor and the simplicity of the Hall position sensor can create additional disturbance load, unsteady movement, and position errors. To reduce the sudden moving position error between the two motors, a balancing compensator with a Proportional-Differential (PD) position controller, which is based on the instantaneous speed and position trajectories, is presented. Furthermore, speed and position reference models are designed to compensate for the low Hall sensor resolution in the low-speed range. Therefore, steady-state position errors can then be regulated simply by using the instantaneous speed and position information. Experiments were performed to verify the viability of the proposed system and control. The results show a significant improvement in roller translation along the rail and stopping position accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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11 pages, 3185 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Electromagnetic Characteristics of Single-Phase Induction Motor between Balanced and Unbalanced Operation under Different Loads

by Dae Yong Um and Gwan Soo Park

Energies 2021, 14(4), 919; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14040919 - 09 Feb 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2004

Abstract

This paper varies load conditions in a single-phase induction motor and deals with consequent effects on the electromagnetic characteristics in terms of a balanced and unbalanced operation. Based on a balanced-load condition, the magnetic field, electromagnetic losses, magnetic torque are quantified by the [...] Read more.

This paper varies load conditions in a single-phase induction motor and deals with consequent effects on the electromagnetic characteristics in terms of a balanced and unbalanced operation. Based on a balanced-load condition, the magnetic field, electromagnetic losses, magnetic torque are quantified by the time-stepping finite element method at six different loads. The spatial distribution of the air-gap magnetic field are investigated to characterize the existence between the load variation and unbalanced operation. The components of electromagnetic losses are analyzed in terms of main parameters degrading the operating efficiency according to the load variation. The result can show the importance of building the magnetic balance for a high performance, and the design guideline for SPIMs running at multiple operating points is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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13 pages, 3176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamics of Switched Reluctance Linear Tubular Motor for Reciprocating Water Pump

by Krzysztof Dyrcz, Mariusz Kubiczek, Ernest A. Mendrela and Piotr Derugo

Energies 2021, 14(2), 430; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14020430 - 14 Jan 2021

Viewed by 1628

Abstract

Simple, cheap, and efficient water pumps are needed in developing countries. A reciprocating water pump driven by a switched reluctance linear tubular motor with double pistons that can be supplied from a photovoltaic power source seems to respond to this demand. This type [...] Read more.

Simple, cheap, and efficient water pumps are needed in developing countries. A reciprocating water pump driven by a switched reluctance linear tubular motor with double pistons that can be supplied from a photovoltaic power source seems to respond to this demand. This type of new motor (one with reciprocating motion) is presented in the paper. In order to develop a strong driving force at two extreme piston positions and achieve a long piston stroke, a double coil motor with a double secondary and two springs is proposed. Simulation results of force, current, and voltage waveforms obtained using MATLAB/Simulink are presented. The electromagnetic forces and coil inductances, which depended on the current and the secondary positions of the pistons, were determined using FEM. Simulation results are compared with those obtained from an experiment carried out on the motor prototype. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)

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