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Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow
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Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2023) | Viewed by 8432

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Guodong Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: theoretical study on fluid—particle two—phase flow; kinetic theory of granular flow; Lattice–Boltzmann method simulation of fluid—particle flows; syngas reforming catalytic technology; green utilization technology of solar energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermophysics of multiphase flow has immense importance in various engineering technologies and science fields, such as energy engineering, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, material engineering, petrochemical engineering, space technology, micro- and nano-technologies, biomedical and life sciences, etc. Better understanding of the multiphase flow phenomena and their thermophysics can help the design and operation of reactor and flow systems in both engineering and nature. The topics include the thermophysics of multiphase flow, including gas–liquid, liquid–solid, gas–solid and gas–liquid–solid flows, phase change processes, nuclear thermal hydraulics, fluidization, mass transfer, etc., as well as the investigation methods, e.g., numerical simulation and experiments. Although multiphase is classified into different categories, they are essentially governed by the same physical laws of transport of mass, momentum, and energy.

Even the principles of single-phase flow fluid mechanics and its thermophysics have been relatively well understood in recent years. Thermophysics of multiphase flow is an order of magnitude more complicated than single-phase flow due to the existence of a moving and deformable interface and its interactions with the two phases. It is of great importance to develop accurate general formulations, computational and experimental investigation methods for an insight into the flow structure’s evolution mechanisms.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to encourage scholars to present their latest original review and research papers in all aspects of thermophysics of multiphase flow. The analysis of thermophysics of multiphase flow could be based on numerical/analytical simulations or experimental measurements that can extend the bounds of existing theories/methodologies to new contributions addressing current challenges and engineering problems. 

Dr. Guodong Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 5564 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Region CFD Model for Aircraft Ground Deicing by Dispersed Liquid Spray
by Sami Ernez and François Morency
Energies 2022, 15(17), 6220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15176220 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1490
Abstract
The aircraft ground deicing (AGD) process is a mandatory step before taking off in a cold climate. The development of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) tools to simulate AGD could help the industry reduce its costs and limit pollution. Previous works have modelled some [...] Read more.
The aircraft ground deicing (AGD) process is a mandatory step before taking off in a cold climate. The development of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) tools to simulate AGD could help the industry reduce its costs and limit pollution. Previous works have modelled some parts of the AGD process. Building on these previous works, this paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) CFD algorithm to simulate the process in full scale. The algorithm comprises a multi-region model where a Lagrangian method solves the spray particle equations, and an enthalpy–porosity approach with an Eulerian method simulates the ice melting. The multi-region approach is verified in this paper through a spray-tip penetration (STP) test. The STP predicted using the multi-region model had 99% agreement with the STP predicted using a Lagrangian method. Therefore, the multi-region technique correctly modeled the particle momentum between the two regions. This paper also presents a numerical calibration of the permeability coefficient for the extended enthalpy–porosity technique in the context of AGD. The numerical calibration of the permeability coefficient will enable future parametric studies of the AGD process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow)
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20 pages, 5031 KiB  
Article
IBM-LBM-DEM Study of Two-Particle Sedimentation: Drafting-Kissing-Tumbling and Effects of Particle Reynolds Number and Initial Positions of Particles
by Xiaohui Li, Guodong Liu, Junnan Zhao, Xiaolong Yin and Huilin Lu
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15093297 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2295
Abstract
Particle sedimentation is a fundamental process encountered in various industrial applications. In this study, we used immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method (IBM-LBM-DEM) to investigate two-particle sedimentation. A lattice Boltzmann method was used to simulate fluid flow, a discrete element [...] Read more.
Particle sedimentation is a fundamental process encountered in various industrial applications. In this study, we used immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method (IBM-LBM-DEM) to investigate two-particle sedimentation. A lattice Boltzmann method was used to simulate fluid flow, a discrete element method was used to simulate particle dynamics, and an immersed boundary method was used to handle particle–fluid interactions. Via the IBM-LBM-DEM, the particles collision process in fluid or between rigid walls can be calculated to capture the information of particles and the flow field more efficiently and accurately. The numerical method was verified by simulating settling of a single three-dimensional particle. Then, the effects of Reynolds number (Re), initial distance, and initial angle of particles on two-particle sedimentation were characterized. A specific focus was to reproduce, analyze, and define the well-known phenomenon of drafting-kissing-tumbling (DKT) interaction between two particles. Further kinematic analysis to define DKT is meaningful for two-particle sedimentation studies at different particle locations. Whether a pair of particles has experienced DKT can be viewed from time plots of the distance between the particles (for kissing), the second-order derivative of distance to time (for drafting), and angular velocities of particles (for tumbling). Simulation results show that DKT’s signatures, including attraction, (near) contact, rotation, and in the end, separation, is only completely demonstrated when particles have nearly vertically aligned initial positions. Hence, not all initial positions of particles and Reynolds numbers lead to DKT and not all particle–particle hydrodynamic interactions are DKT. Whether particle–particle interaction is attractive or repulsive depends on the relative positions of particles and Re. Collision occurs when Re is high and the initial angle is small (<20°), almost independent of the initial distance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow)
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12 pages, 6762 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Magnesium Dust Dispersion and Explosion in 20 L Apparatus via an Euler–Lagrange Method
by Tao Fu, Yun-Ting Tsai and Qiang Zhou
Energies 2022, 15(2), 402; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15020402 - 06 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1496
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the explosion characteristics of a Mg/air mixture in a 20 L apparatus via an Euler–Lagrange method. Various fluid properties, namely pressure field, velocity field, turbulence intensity, and the degree of particle dispersion, were obtained and [...] Read more.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the explosion characteristics of a Mg/air mixture in a 20 L apparatus via an Euler–Lagrange method. Various fluid properties, namely pressure field, velocity field, turbulence intensity, and the degree of particle dispersion, were obtained and analyzed. The simulation results suggested that the best delayed ignition time was 60 ms after dust dispersion, which was consistent with the optimum delayed ignition time adopted by experimental apparatus. These results indicate that the simulated Mg particles were evenly diffused in the 20 L apparatus under the effect of the turbulence. The simulations also reveal that the pressure development in the explosion system can be divided into the pressure rising stage, the maximum pressure stage, and pressure attenuation stage. The relative error of the maximum explosion pressure between the simulation and the experiments is approximately 1.04%. The explosion model provides reliable and useful information for investigating Mg explosions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow)
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19 pages, 6483 KiB  
Article
3D Unsteady Simulation of a Scale-Up Methanation Reactor with Interconnected Cooling Unit
by Liyan Sun, Kun Luo and Jianren Fan
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14217095 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1309
Abstract
The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) via methanation has been demonstrated by experiments in bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactors. In the current work, we focus on the scale-up of the methanation reactor, and a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is designed with [...] Read more.
The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) via methanation has been demonstrated by experiments in bench scale bubbling fluidized bed reactors. In the current work, we focus on the scale-up of the methanation reactor, and a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is designed with variable diameter according to the characteristic of methanation. The critical issue is the removal of reaction heat during the strongly exothermic process of the methanation. As a result, an interconnected bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) is utilized and connected with the reactor in order to cool the particles and to maintain system temperature. A 3D model is built, and the influences of operating temperature on H2, CO conversion and CH4 yield are evaluated by numerical simulations. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow behaviors are obtained and analyzed. It turns out that the products with high concentrations of CH4 are received at the CFB reactor outlet. The temperature of the system is kept under control by using a cooling unit, and the steady state of thermal behavior is achieved under the cooling effect of BFB reactor. The circulating rate of particles and the cooling power of the BFB reactor significantly affect the performance of reactor. This investigation provides insight into the design and operation of a scale-up methanation reactor, and the feasibility of the CFB reactor for the methanation process is confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow)
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Review

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22 pages, 3047 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Continuum Theory-Based Stress and Drag Models in Gas-Solid Flows
by Junnan Zhao, Xinyao Guo, Guodong Liu, Rui Wang and Huilin Lu
Energies 2023, 16(1), 65; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16010065 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1250
Abstract
The continuum theory-based models, which include solid stress models and gas-solid drag models, are required for the modeling of gas-solid flows in the framework of the Eulerian–Eulerian method. The interactions among particles are characterized by their diverse behaviors at different flow regimes, including [...] Read more.
The continuum theory-based models, which include solid stress models and gas-solid drag models, are required for the modeling of gas-solid flows in the framework of the Eulerian–Eulerian method. The interactions among particles are characterized by their diverse behaviors at different flow regimes, including kinetic motion, particle–particle collision and enduring friction. It is difficult to describe the particle behaviors at various regimes by mathematical methods accurately. Therefore, it is very important to develop proper solid stress models that can capture the inherent characteristics of the flow behaviors. In addition, the gas-solid fluidization system is a typical heterogeneous system, which exhibits locally inhomogeneous structures such as bubbles or particle clusters with different shapes and sizes. Due to these inhomogeneous characteristics, the gas-solid drag model has become one of the key challenges in the simulation of gas-solid flows. Various forms of constitutive relations for solid stress models and gas-solid drag models have been reported in the literature. In this paper, we reviewed the solid stress models crossing various flow regimes and drag models in both micro- and mesoscales, which provide a useful reference for model selection in simulating gas-solid flows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermophysics of Multiphase Flow)
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