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Energies
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Control and Optimization in a DC Microgrid
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Control and Optimization in a DC Microgrid

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 5363

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Shahbazi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, UK
Interests: microgrids; renewable energy; power electronics; smart grid; fault-tolerant control; power system optimisation
Dr. Sajad Sadr

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
Interests: power electronics and its applications in power systems; power electronics and its applications in transportation systems; renewable energies; microgrids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Control and Optimization in a DC Microgrid”.

In recent years, the microgrid concept has emerged as a viable solution for accommodating increasing levels of distributed renewable energy integration at low voltage levels, as well as a building block of the smart grid. At low voltage levels, many distributed renewable energy resources (e.g., PVs, fuel cells), storage systems (e.g., batteries), as well as many modern loads (e.g., consumer electronics, LED lighting) are inherently DC. Therefore, using a DC microgrid, simpler power electronic interfaces can be employed. Some of the current challenges for research in microgrid control are improvement in control (particularly distributed/decentralised control), stability, and optimisation in design and operation. The aim of this Special Issue is therefore to disseminate novel control and optimisation techniques for DC microgrids. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • DC microgrid control
  • Optimization in DC microgrids
  • Hierarchical control in DC microgrids
  • Energy management systems for DC microgrids
  • Distributed/decentralised control in DC microgrids
  • Multiagent systems for DC microgrids
  • Stability in DC microgrids
  • Real-time monitoring and control
  • Microgrid clusters
  • Application of the Internet of Things in DC microgrid
  • Blockchain energy management systems

Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Shahbazi
Dr. Sajad Sadr
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • DC microgrid
  • Microgrid control
  • Optimization
  • Energy management
  • Distributed control
  • Stability.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5961 KiB  
Article
Distributed Secondary Control for Battery Management in a DC Microgrid
by Alexander Paul Moya, Polo Josue Pazmiño, Jacqueline Rosario Llanos, Diego Ortiz-Villalba and Claudio Burgos
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8769; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15228769 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
This research presents the design and simulation of a distributed secondary control based on a consensus algorithm for the efficient management of an isolated DC microgrid (MG-DC) that secures the distribution of active power according to the capacities of each storage unit, reducing [...] Read more.
This research presents the design and simulation of a distributed secondary control based on a consensus algorithm for the efficient management of an isolated DC microgrid (MG-DC) that secures the distribution of active power according to the capacities of each storage unit, reducing duty cycles and extending its life cycle. The balance of powers is fulfilled through a photovoltaic (PV) generation unit and an energy storage system (ESS) based on batteries. The PV Boost converter has a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller based on the perturb and observe (P & O) method. In contrast, a Buck–Boost converter is integrated into each battery, which is bidirectionally controlled through a local controller and a primary droop control that balances the required power at the loads. It produces a voltage deviation on the DC bus. To compensate for this deviation, a distributed secondary control strategy based on consensus is proposed to restore the voltage while managing the power sharing according to the capacities of each battery. It allows for the improvement of its life cycle, which is shown in the state of charge (SOC) index, thus extending its life cycle. The controllers are evaluated for solar re-source changes, load changes, and different storage capacities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Optimization in a DC Microgrid)
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23 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
DC Soft Open Points for Resilient and Reconfigurable DC Distribution Networks
by Husam A. Ramadan and Spyros Skarvelis-Kazakos
Energies 2022, 15(16), 5967; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15165967 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1205
Abstract
This paper introduces the concept, theory of operation and applications of soft open points for direct current networks (DCSOPs). The DCSOP is based on a bidirectional DC–DC converter actively controlled to behave like a normal conductor. Unlike the normal conductor, the DCSOP can [...] Read more.
This paper introduces the concept, theory of operation and applications of soft open points for direct current networks (DCSOPs). The DCSOP is based on a bidirectional DC–DC converter actively controlled to behave like a normal conductor. Unlike the normal conductor, the DCSOP can transfer the electric power between nodes at different voltage levels. With this advantage, the DCSOP can effectively control the power flow direction. Thus, DCSOPs can play a vital role in the reconfiguration of DC distribution networks. The operation and control of the DCSOP device was investigated, both in transient and steady-state conditions. Then, a DCSOP was integrated into a DC microgrid model to validate its ability to change the power flow through the modelled feeders. In addition, a set of reliability indicators was calculated for the DC microgrid under different reconfiguration scenarios. It was shown that reliability is improved when the DCSOP device implements network reconfiguration. Finally, an agent-based framework for controlling the DCSOP in a DC microgrid is presented. A fundamental implementation was created for reconfiguring a DC microgrid with a DCSOP controlled by an agent, proving that the agent-based system can effectively control the DCSOP device for reconfiguration and voltage regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Optimization in a DC Microgrid)
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17 pages, 3065 KiB  
Article
Surrogate DC Microgrid Models for Optimization of Charging Electric Vehicles under Partial Observability
by Grigorii Veviurko, Wendelin Böhmer, Laurens Mackay and Mathijs de Weerdt
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1389; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041389 - 14 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1338
Abstract
Many electric vehicles (EVs) are using today’s distribution grids, and their flexibility can be highly beneficial for the grid operators. This flexibility can be best exploited by DC power networks, as they allow charging and discharging without extra power electronics and transformation losses. [...] Read more.
Many electric vehicles (EVs) are using today’s distribution grids, and their flexibility can be highly beneficial for the grid operators. This flexibility can be best exploited by DC power networks, as they allow charging and discharging without extra power electronics and transformation losses. From the grid control perspective, algorithms for planning EV charging are necessary. This paper studies the problem of EV charging planning under limited grid capacity and extends it to the partially observable case. We demonstrate how limited information about the EV locations in a grid may disrupt the operation planning in DC grids with tight constraints. We introduce two methods to change the grid topology such that partial observability of the EV locations is resolved. The suggested models are evaluated on the IEEE 16 bus system and multiple randomly generated grids with varying capacities. The experiments show that these methods efficiently solve the partially observable EV charging planning problem and offer a trade-off between computational time and performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Optimization in a DC Microgrid)
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