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Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 13375

Special Issue Editors

Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; numerical modeling; hybrid renewable energy systems; heat and mass transfer; large eddy simulation; direct numerical simulation; particle image velocimetry; laser-induced fluorescence
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, av.A.Mickiewicza 30, 30059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: mineral processing, modeling mechanical mixing, and separation processes based on experimental and heuristic analyzes with the use of numerical methods and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs)
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The hybrid energy system is defined as a system combining at least two renewable energy resources—nonrenewable, traditional or conventional energy resources, or both—have become very popular recently due to their advances in energy production. Further developments are required to gain hybrid systems performance, stability, and security.

Building the future of the energy sector of the current century not only involves going from conventional fuels to cleaner renewable energy. It is a problem of the sustainability of future solutions as well as the feasibility of their implementation. The transition towards more renewable energy presents fascinating, complex challenges.

The sustainable security of energy supply has led to the implementation of new policies to improve the efficiency of renewable and nonrenewable energy systems. Research and development efforts in gas turbines, steam turbines, and clean coal technologies and in solar, wind, wave, tidal, and other renewable energy technologies, are need to be continued in order to improve their performance, to establish techniques for reliably integrating them with other different generating sources.

In this Special Issue, computational studies analyzing and clarifying the hybrid energy system are welcome, to gain a better understanding of the system’s hybridization. Renewable as well as nonrenewable energy systems can be presented from theoretical and practical points of view. New knowledge on the system performance and implementation is nowadays very sought after. The hybrid energy system’s optimization, control strategies, and energy forecasting are selected important issues. The study problems and modelling solutions for a range of energy efficiency scenarios can be presented by researchers who are experts in their field.

Prof. Dr. Marek Jaszczur
Dr. Anna Młynarczykowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid energy system
  • hybrid renewable energy system
  • renewable and sustainable energy
  • calculation and computer simulation
  • computer modelling, simulation
  • photovoltaic system and wind turbines
  • energy power systems
  • generator and control system modelling
  • multi-dimensional optimisation of the hybrid energy system
  • hybrid power system
  • hybrid distributed power generation
  • decarbonisation
  • power markets
  • smart hybrid grid
  • energy forecasting in hybrid systems

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 7010 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Large-Scale Battery Storage Capacity in Conjunction with Photovoltaic Systems for Maximum Self-Sustainability
by Qusay Hassan, Bartosz Pawela, Ali Hasan and Marek Jaszczur
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15103845 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
The photovoltaic array has gained popularity in the global electrical market. At the same time, battery storage, which is recently being placed by energy consumers alongside photovoltaics, continues to fall in price. Domestic and community loads may be combined utilizing central battery storage [...] Read more.
The photovoltaic array has gained popularity in the global electrical market. At the same time, battery storage, which is recently being placed by energy consumers alongside photovoltaics, continues to fall in price. Domestic and community loads may be combined utilizing central battery storage and shared solar power through an integrated grid or microgrid system. One of the main targets is maximum self-sustainability and independence of the microgrid system and implemented solution. This research study looks at the energy flows in a single household system that includes solar arrays and battery storage. The analysed household system is represented by a model which uses real load profiles from experimental measurements, local solar distribution, and onsite weather data. The results show that depending on the system configuration, two important parameters, self-consumption and self-sufficiency, can vary significantly. For a properly designed photovoltaic system, the energy self-consumption can be up to 90.19%, while self-sufficiency can be up to 82.55% for analysed cases. As an outcome, a large sample size with a variety of setups is recommended for a thorough examination of self-sustainability. Regional variations can worsen under different weather conditions, different photovoltaic and battery capacities, and different municipal rules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System)
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15 pages, 3794 KiB  
Article
Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency Improvement for Photovoltaic System Integrated with Ultra-Supercapacitor
by Qusay Hassan and Marek Jaszczur
Energies 2021, 14(23), 7888; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14237888 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
This research study uses a computer simulation based on real input data to examine the impact of a supercapacitor module working as a fast response energy storage unit in renewable energy systems to increase energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency. The evaluated system includes a [...] Read more.
This research study uses a computer simulation based on real input data to examine the impact of a supercapacitor module working as a fast response energy storage unit in renewable energy systems to increase energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency. The evaluated system includes a photovoltaic system with a capacity of 3.0 kWp and between 0 and 5 supercapacitor units with a capacity of 500 F per module. The study was carried out using experimental data for electrical load, solar irradiance, and ambient temperature for the year 2020, with a 1 min temporal resolution. The daily average ambient temperature was 10.7 °C, and the daily average solar irradiance was 3.1 kWh/m2/day. It is assumed that the supercapacitor could only be charged from a photovoltaic system using renewable energy and not from the grid. The simulation results showed that using the supercapacitors to feed the short and large peaks of the electrical load significantly increases energy self-consumption and self-sufficiency. With only five supercapacitor modules, yearly energy self-sufficiency increases from 28.09% to 40.77%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System)
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22 pages, 3134 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Optimization of Wind Turbines in Wind Farms for Solving Multi-Objective Reactive Power Dispatch Using a New Hybrid Scheme
by Rahmad Syah, Safoura Faghri, Mahyuddin KM Nasution, Afshin Davarpanah and Marek Jaszczur
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5919; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14185919 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Reactive Power Dispatch is one of the main problems in energy systems, particularly for the power industry, and a multi-objective framework should be proposed to solve it. In this study, we present a multi-objective framework for the optimization of wind turbines in wind [...] Read more.
Reactive Power Dispatch is one of the main problems in energy systems, particularly for the power industry, and a multi-objective framework should be proposed to solve it. In this study, we present a multi-objective framework for the optimization of wind turbines in wind farms. We investigate a new combined optimization method with Chaotic Local Search, Fuzzy Interactive Honey Bee Mating Optimization, Data-Sharing technique and Modified Gray Code for discrete variables. We use the proposed model to select optimal energy system parameters. The optimization process is based on simultaneous optimization of three functions. Finally, we improve a new method based on Pareto-optimal solutions to select the best one among all candidate solutions. The presented model and methodology are validated on energy systems with wind turbines. The evaluated efficiency is compared with the real system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System)
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23 pages, 11675 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Radiotoxicity of Spent Nuclear Fuel from a Fleet of PWR Reactors
by Mikołaj Oettingen
Energies 2021, 14(11), 3094; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14113094 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2851
Abstract
The paper presents the methodology for the estimation of the long-term actinides radiotoxicity and isotopic composition of spent nuclear fuel from a fleet of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). The methodology was developed using three independent numerical tools: the Spent Fuel Isotopic Composition database, [...] Read more.
The paper presents the methodology for the estimation of the long-term actinides radiotoxicity and isotopic composition of spent nuclear fuel from a fleet of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). The methodology was developed using three independent numerical tools: the Spent Fuel Isotopic Composition database, the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System and the Monte Carlo Continuous Energy Burnup Code. The validation of spent fuel isotopic compositions obtained in the numerical modeling was performed using the available experimental data. A nuclear power embarking country benchmark was implemented for the verification and testing of the methodology. The obtained radiotoxicity reaches the reference levels at about 1.3 × 105 years, which is common for the PWR spent nuclear fuel. The presented methodology may be incorporated into a more versatile numerical tool for the modeling of hybrid energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System)
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11 pages, 1698 KiB  
Article
A Thermodynamic Analysis of Heavy Hydrocarbons Reforming for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application as a Part of Hybrid Energy Systems
by Robert Kaczmarczyk and Sebastian Gurgul
Energies 2021, 14(2), 337; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14020337 - 09 Jan 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1435
Abstract
A thermodynamical analysis of steam reforming of Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) was conducted in the presented research. The reforming process of heavy hydrocarbons for small scale power generation is a complex issue. One of the main issues is that a set of undesired [...] Read more.
A thermodynamical analysis of steam reforming of Associated Petroleum Gas (APG) was conducted in the presented research. The reforming process of heavy hydrocarbons for small scale power generation is a complex issue. One of the main issues is that a set of undesired chemical reactions deposit solid carbon and, consequently, block the reactor’s catalytic property. The experimental investigation is crucial to design an APG reforming reactor. However, a numerical simulation is a key tool to design a safe operating condition. Designing the next generation of reactors requires a complex coupling of mathematical models, kinetics, and thermodynamic analysis. In practice, the thermodynamic analysis should be applied in each control volume to assure realistic results. This is not easy to apply in practice since both thermodynamic analysis and CFD modeling can be time-consuming. In this paper, the authors suggest using a mathematical formalism called Parametric Equation Formalism to calculate the equilibrium composition. The novelty lies in the mathematical approach in which any complex system at equilibrium can be reduced to the problem of solving one non-linear equation at a time. This approach allows implementing a thermodynamic analysis easily into CFD models to assure the reasonability of obtained results and can be used for research and development of solid oxide fuel cells as a part of hybrid energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System)
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Review

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16 pages, 1581 KiB  
Review
Review of Gas Engine Heat Pumps
by Bartosz Pawela and Marek Jaszczur
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4874; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15134874 - 02 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1670
Abstract
In this paper the most promising developments of technology for gas engine-driven heat pumps for the last 15 years are presented. The purpose is to present the latest research studies and changes in this type of device, as well as to help readers [...] Read more.
In this paper the most promising developments of technology for gas engine-driven heat pumps for the last 15 years are presented. The purpose is to present the latest research studies and changes in this type of device, as well as to help readers to search for publications containing relevant aspects of gas engine heat pumps. Gas engine-driven heat pumps are devices for parallel heating and cooling production based on compressor heat pump technology. However, unlike heat pumps with compressors powered by electric motors, gas engine-driven heat pumps are driven by gas internal combustion engines. The reviewed solutions are an interesting alternative to traditional heating systems, characterized by the higher than 1.0 Performance Energy Ratio which expresses the degree of conversion of the energy contained in the fuel supplied to the device into energy transported to the utility needs. Presented in this review, papers show different solutions for conversion of the energy contained in the fuel into mechanical and thermal energy, and mechanical energy through the shaft system is used to drive the compressor of the heat pump. The presented study shows that, due to the complexity of the system and the wide range of applications, the technology has been subjected to detailed analyses and optimizations during the last 30 years in order to increase the efficiency of devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer Simulation of Hybrid Energy System)
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