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Current Research and Future Development on Wireless Power Transfer Technology

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2023) | Viewed by 11877

Special Issue Editors

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA
Interests: wireless and quasi-wireless power transmission and communication; multi-level inverter control and design; renewable power generation; instrumentation; sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Electrical, Computer, Software and Engineering Department, The University of Auckland, 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
Interests: hybrid compensation topologies for wireless power transfer (WPT) system; Bi-directional WPT system; WPT for consumer electronics; dynamic WPT charging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is transforming the way power is delivered in our modern world. New advances in WPT promise to extend the range of electric vehicles, improve relability/resilience for electronic devices, reduce surgical frequency for implants, and provide greater utility for the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). It is with great pleasure that we present this Special Issue on the current and future development of WPT technoologies. We invite original manuscripts presenting recent advances in this area, with special reference to the following topics:

  • New and existing improvements for inductive and capacitive power transfer (IPT/CPT) techniques and methodologies
  • Communication systems for WPT
  • Inverter/converter designs and controls for wireless power applications
  • Highly resonant coupling topologies
  • Applications in special marine/air/space environments and other complex scenarios, i.e., WPT systems for coal mines and oil extraction
  • Dynamic WPT
  • EMC, EMI, safety, and foreign object detection
  • Transmitter/receiver designs for WPT
  • New applications of wireless power
  • Modeling and simulation of wireless power systems
  • Compensation techniques
  • Bi-directional WPT with V2G technology
  • Radio-frequency and microwave WPT systems
  • Ultrasonic and other WPT systems

Dr. Charles Van Neste
Dr. Lei Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wireless power transfer (WPT)
  • inductive power transfer (IPT)
  • capacitive power transfer (CPT)
  • near-field
  • far-field
  • magnetic resonance
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • biomedical implants
  • electric vehicle charging
  • coupler pads
  • UAV charging
  • drone charging

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7971 KiB  
Article
Research on Metal Foreign Object Detection Method in Wireless Charging System of Electric Vehicle Based on Array Detection Coil
by Xueqing Luo, Shengkun Cai, Zhizhen Liu, Yanjin Hou, Yuxin Xie, Shuyao Sun, Ran Ding, Guowen Feng and Xiaozhao Wei
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5437; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16145437 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 777
Abstract
In order to eliminate the potential safety hazard that arises when metal foreign objects intervene in the wireless charging area of electric vehicles, this paper proposes that a metal foreign object detection method be applied to the wireless charging system of electric vehicles [...] Read more.
In order to eliminate the potential safety hazard that arises when metal foreign objects intervene in the wireless charging area of electric vehicles, this paper proposes that a metal foreign object detection method be applied to the wireless charging system of electric vehicles based on the optimal design of the array detection coil. Firstly, the equivalent circuit model of the metal foreign object detection system is established, then the principle of the foreign object detection system is analyzed, and the scale factor β is introduced as the optimization index of the detection coil. Secondly, the change of the scale factor β with the circuit parameters is analyzed and the appropriate circuit parameters are compared and selected. Thirdly, on the basis of the planar square spiral coil, Ansys Maxwell finite element simulation software is used to optimize its structural parameters, combination mode, and resonant circuit, as well as design the anti-series and anti-parallel enhanced detection coil sets with the decoupling and elimination of detection blind spots. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed detection method of metal foreign objects is verified by experiments. The results show that the two array detection coil sets can detect small-sized common metal foreign objects such as paper clips and the proposed double-layer reinforced structure can significantly improve the detection sensitivity of the system. Full article
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14 pages, 7465 KiB  
Article
H-Shaped Slot Antenna with Harmonic Tuning Function and Integrated Power Amplifier
by Yuto Narita, Koichi Nozawa, Noriyuki Tanba, Shinji Hara and Hiroshi Hirayama
Energies 2023, 16(5), 2128; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en16052128 - 22 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
This study proposes a patch antenna with an H-shaped slot with direct matching and harmonic tuning (rejection) functions for microwave power transfer. This antenna enables an integrated active antenna in which the power amplifier and antenna are directly connected without using a matching [...] Read more.
This study proposes a patch antenna with an H-shaped slot with direct matching and harmonic tuning (rejection) functions for microwave power transfer. This antenna enables an integrated active antenna in which the power amplifier and antenna are directly connected without using a matching circuit for the fundamental frequency and harmonic rejection filter to improve the efficiency of the amplifier. The integrated design also reduces the total size of the amplifier and antenna, allowing for a higher-density array antenna. Characteristic mode analysis was performed to explain the working principle of the harmonic rejection function. The designed antenna at 5.8 GHz was fabricated to study its harmonic tuning function. The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna was at a fundamental frequency of −40.4 dB for an amplification device with an optimum load impedance of 100 Ohm. At the second harmonic frequency, the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient at the second harmonic frequency were −0.79 dB and −177.6°, respectively; at the third harmonic frequency, they were −0.92 dB and −179.5°, respectively. Finally, the designed antenna was integrated into an amplifier circuit to verify that it achieved similar drain efficiency as when using the impedance tuner. It was confirmed that the harmonic rejection function of the proposed antenna increases the drain efficiency of the integrated power amplifier by 5.5%. The measurements revealed that this antenna is suitable for use in microwave power transfer because of its fundamental matching and harmonic-processing capabilities. Full article
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18 pages, 7547 KiB  
Article
A Novel Compensation Circuit for Capacitive Power Transfer System to Realize Desired Constant Current and Constant Voltage Output
by Bo Dong, Yang Chen, Jing Lian and Xiaohui Qu
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1523; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041523 - 18 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1427
Abstract
Capacitive power transfer (CPT) technique possesses the advantages of safety, isolation, low cost, and insensitivity to conductive barriers. To charge lithium-ion batteries, CPT should possess the output profile consisting of first constant current (CC) output and later constant voltage (CV) output. To fulfill [...] Read more.
Capacitive power transfer (CPT) technique possesses the advantages of safety, isolation, low cost, and insensitivity to conductive barriers. To charge lithium-ion batteries, CPT should possess the output profile consisting of first constant current (CC) output and later constant voltage (CV) output. To fulfill the output profile, many power switches or compensation components are added in the CPT circuit, which is not expected due to the bulky size and additional losses. To reduce the redundancy of the CPT system, an Lx-PS CPT circuit with only five compensation components is proposed in this paper. After a systematic analysis and a parameter design procedure, the proposed CPT circuit can realize input ZPA at both CC and CV modes. In addition, the output current at CC mode and the output voltage at CV mode are all adjustable based on the charging demands of different loads. Finally, simulations are done to prove the analysis in this paper. Compared to previous research, the CPT circuit proposed in this paper can not only achieve the charging demands of lithium-ion batteries, but also reduce the redundancy of the whole system. Full article
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16 pages, 3583 KiB  
Article
Genetic-Algorithm-Based Optimization of a 3D Transmitting Coil Design with a Homogeneous Magnetic Field Distribution in a WPT System
by Domagoj Bilandžija, Davor Vinko and Marinko Barukčić
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1381; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041381 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
In magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) systems, the nonhomogeneous magnetic field of the transmitting coil can lead to frequency splitting phenomena and lower efficiency. In this paper, a 3D transmitting coil (TX) with a homogeneous magnetic field distribution is proposed. The [...] Read more.
In magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) systems, the nonhomogeneous magnetic field of the transmitting coil can lead to frequency splitting phenomena and lower efficiency. In this paper, a 3D transmitting coil (TX) with a homogeneous magnetic field distribution is proposed. The proposed coil structure consists of two layers with different numbers of turns per layer, i.e., with different current distributions. To achieve a homogeneous magnetic field distribution with a high magnetic field value and a low profile of the 3D coil structure, the optimal layer placement and current distribution were optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA). The prototype of the optimized coil was fabricated, and its magnetic field distribution was measured. The measurement results agreed more than 95% with the simulation results. The measured homogeneous area was at least 12.5% larger than reported in the literature. By using a different current distribution, the profile of the 3D coil structure was successfully reduced by 29% and the average magnetic field value was increased by 25% compared to our previous work. Full article
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29 pages, 6635 KiB  
Article
Wireless Drone Charging Station Using Class-E Power Amplifier in Vertical Alignment and Lateral Misalignment Conditions
by Aqeel Mahmood Jawad, Rosdiadee Nordin, Haider Mahmood Jawad, Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Asma’ Abu-Samah, Mahmood Jawad Abu-Alshaeer and Nor Fadzilah Abdullah
Energies 2022, 15(4), 1298; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15041298 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3270
Abstract
Recent major advancements in drone charging station design are related to the differences in coil design between the material (copper or aluminum) and inner thickness (diameter design) to address power transfer optimization and increased efficiency. The designs are normally challenged with reduced weight [...] Read more.
Recent major advancements in drone charging station design are related to the differences in coil design between the material (copper or aluminum) and inner thickness (diameter design) to address power transfer optimization and increased efficiency. The designs are normally challenged with reduced weight on the drone’s side, which can lead to reduced payload or misalignment position issues between receiver and transmitter, limiting the performance of wireless charging. In this work, the coil combination was tested in vertical alignment from 2 cm to 50 cm, and in lateral misalignment positions that were stretched across 2, 5, 8, 10, and 15 cm ranges. Simulated and experimental results demonstrated improved transfer distances when the drone battery load was 100 Ω. With the proposed design, the vertical transfer power that was achieved was 21.12 W, 0.460 A, with 81.5% transfer efficiency, while the maximum lateral misalignment air gap that was achieved was 2 cm with 19.22 W and 74.15% efficiency. This study provides evidence that the developed circuit that is based on magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) is an effective technique towards improving power transfer efficiency across different remote and unmanned Internet of Things (IoT) applications, including drones for radiation monitoring and smart agriculture. Full article
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17 pages, 6117 KiB  
Article
Misalignment-Tolerant Series Hybrid with Active Adjustable Constant Current and Constant Voltage Output Wireless Charging System
by Zhao-Wei Gong, Jin-Gang Li and Xiang-Qian Tong
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7594; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14227594 - 13 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1338
Abstract
This paper presents a series hybrid wireless charging system with an active adjustable circuitry offering constant current and constant voltage output characteristics. The series hybrid system consists of the inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC) and series-series (SS) networks are used for improving charging pad [...] Read more.
This paper presents a series hybrid wireless charging system with an active adjustable circuitry offering constant current and constant voltage output characteristics. The series hybrid system consists of the inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC) and series-series (SS) networks are used for improving charging pad misalignment tolerance. An active switch is employed to provide an adjustable CC and CV output for different battery charging stages. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, a 310 W prototype was built. A systematic optimization in the parameter of the proposed topology to achieve relative constant output was analyzed within a certain range of the designed operating region. The experimental results indicate that the output current fluctuation is less than 5% with load variations, and the output voltage fluctuation is less than 5% with load varying from 19 to 70 Ω, as the pick-up pads misaligned within 50% of the pad outer diameter. Full article
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