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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 April 2022) | Viewed by 15981

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jelena Popovic

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
Interests: energy access; decentralized renewable energy solutions; appropriate technology and socio-technical integration
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Prof. Dr. Huai Wang

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7K, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
Interests: energy, power electronics, renewable energy, reliability of power electronics, electronics
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Prof. Dr. Slobodan N. Vukosavic

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kralja Aleksandra 56, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
Interests: power electronics devices and controls, reducing the emission and pollution of power plants, the energy efficiency and advanced drive concepts

Prof. Dr. Vladimir Katic

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: power electronics converters; power quality; renewable energy sources; electric vehicles and charging infrastructure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Power electronics converters are key devices in the modern transition to the digital economy in many fields, especially in electrical and electronics engineering, transportation, renewable energy, environment, etc. They are providing a flexible, efficient, reliable, and cost-effective power conversion line (interface) between different electrical systems or devices. They have many applications in industry, electric vehicles and trains, electric power systems, airplanes, home devices, mobile devices, etc., but they also enable efficient use of clean energy and energy storage. With the increasing use of remote sensors, microelectronics processors, FPGA, wireless communications lines and the internet and the application of fuzzy logic, neural networks, and artificial intelligence (AI) in general, power electronics are becoming smarter, and their systems are gaining independence in their operation, interconnection, and work in complex systems. However, advanced, state-of-the-art solutions are still required in the fields of smart grids, microgrids, DC power systems, distributed generation, transportation electrification, energy storage, Industry 4.0, power quality, smart cities, Internet of Things, and others.

This Special Issue is devoted to the 21st International Symposium on Power Electronics, held in Novi Sad, 27–30 October 2021 (Ee 2021), which is one of the conferences with the longest tradition in Southeast Europe. It started back in 1973 as a gathering of industry experts and academics of ex-Yugoslavia. In 2001, it turned into an international event, and since 2017, it has been cosponsored by IEEE, with all papers included into the IEEE Xplore database, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Today, the symposium is a top international conference with participation from well-known scientists and researchers. Topics of interest are:

- Power converters and devices (new technologies and future trends; wide-band devices (GaN, SiC, etc.) and drivers; development, realization, and application of rectifiers; inverters, choppers, and other converters; converters for DC and AC power supplies (DC/DC, UPS, etc.); maintenance of accu-batteries, etc.; converters for compensation of reactive power, machine excitation, etc.; analysis, modeling, and simulation of converters, converters in development);

- Automotive and industrial electrical drives (development and realization of electrical drives; drives for electrical vehicles and traction; multimotor drives; analysis, modeling, and simulation of drives; industrial drive applications; electric vehicle drive systems; control and management);

- Electrical machines (analysis, modeling and simulation, construction, protection, supervision and diagnostics, testing, exploitation and repair, special electrical machines);

- Control and measurement (control of converters and systems, digital control in power electronics, electronic measurement systems, control of industrial processes, computer application (CAD, CAM, etc.), communication systems, supervision and diagnostics, modeling and simulation of industrial processes, estimation and identification);

- Smart power electronics (artificial intelligence in power electronics, deep learning applications, condition monitoring and predictive maintenance, power electronics control structures in microgrids, self-aware and self-adaptable power electronics systems, power electronics in smart grids and Industry 4.0);

- Power quality (power electronic converters and power quality, electromagnetic compatibility, EMI, ecology, harmonic compensation and power factor improvement, analysis, modeling and simulation, power quality characterizations and classification systems);

- Renewable and distributed energy sources (power electronics application in RES and hybrid systems, power electronics devices in wind and solar plants, systems for energy storage (batteries, flywheel etc.), role of power electronics in microgrids and distributed energy sources, interaction of power electronics and grids).

The Special issue will select top papers from the ones presented at the symposium. Do note, however, that submission to the Special Issue is different from the proceedings and should contain at least 50% new material compared with the previous conference version. The Ee 2021 symposium (http://www.dee.uns.ac.rs) invites researchers from academia, industry, research institutes, and developing agencies to present their latest findings and state-of-the-art solutions. It aims to provide an unbiased and scientifically sound overview of the recent research and technology developments in this exciting field of smart power electronics.

Prof. Dr. Jelena Popovic
Prof. Dr. Huai Wang
Prof. Dr. Slobodan N. Vukosavic
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Katic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Wide-band devices
Advanced digital control systems
Electric machines
Superb power quality
Power electronics and artificial intelligence
Microgrid and DC system operation
Smart EV electric drives and charging solution
Power electronics environmental solutions
Renewable and distributed energy sources

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 2581 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An End-to-End Deep Learning Method for Voltage Sag Classification

by Radovan Turović, Dinu Dragan, Gorana Gojić, Veljko B. Petrović, Dušan B. Gajić, Aleksandar M. Stanisavljević and Vladimir A. Katić

Energies 2022, 15(8), 2898; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15082898 - 15 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1614

Abstract

Power quality disturbances (PQD) have a negative impact on power quality-sensitive equipment, often resulting in great financial losses. To prevent these losses, besides detecting a PQD on time, it is important to classify it, so that appropriate recovery procedures are employed. The majority of research employs machine learning model PQD classifiers on manually extracted features from simulated or real-world signals. This paper presents an end-to-end approach that circumvents the manual feature extraction and uses signals generated from mathematical voltage sag type formulas. We developed a configurable voltage sag generator that was used to form training and validation datasets. Based on the synthetic three-phase voltage signals, we trained several end-to-end LSTM classifiers that classify voltage sags according to ABC classification. The best-performing model achieved an accuracy of over 90% in the real-world dataset. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Smart Power Electronics)

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30 pages, 19800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of PMSM Sensorless Control Based on Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controllers Using a Reinforcement Learning Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Agent

by Marcel Nicola, Claudiu-Ionel Nicola and Dan Selișteanu

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2208; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062208 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2854

Abstract

The field-oriented control (FOC) strategy of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a simplified form is based on PI-type controllers. In addition to their low complexity (an advantage for real-time implementation), these controllers also provide limited performance due to the nonlinear character of the description equations of the PMSM model under the usual conditions of a relatively wide variation in the load torque and the high dynamics of the PMSM speed reference. Moreover, a number of significant improvements in the performance of PMSM control systems, also based on the FOC control strategy, are obtained if the controller of the speed control loop uses sliding mode control (SMC), and if the controllers for the inner control loops of i_d and i_q currents are of the synergetic type. Furthermore, using such a control structure, very good performance of the PMSM control system is also obtained under conditions of parametric uncertainties and significant variations in the combined rotor-load moment of inertia and the load resistance. To improve the performance of the PMSM control system without using controllers having a more complicated mathematical description, the advantages provided by reinforcement learning (RL) for process control can also be used. This technique does not require the exact knowledge of the mathematical model of the controlled system or the type of uncertainties. The improvement in the performance of the PMSM control system based on the FOC-type strategy, both when using simple PI-type controllers or in the case of complex SMC or synergetic-type controllers, is achieved using the RL based on the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). This improvement is obtained by using the correction signals provided by a trained reinforcement learning agent, which is added to the control signals u_d, u_q, and i_qref. A speed observer is also implemented for estimating the PMSM rotor speed. The PMSM control structures are presented using the FOC-type strategy, both in the case of simple PI-type controllers and complex SMC or synergetic-type controllers, and numerical simulations performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment show the improvements in the performance of the PMSM control system, even under conditions of parametric uncertainties, by using the RL-DDPG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Smart Power Electronics)

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17 pages, 35500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis and Design of a High-Efficiency SiC MOSFET 6-Phase Boost Rectifier

by Giulia Di Nezio, Marco di Benedetto, Alessandro Lidozzi and Luca Solero

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062175 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1657

Abstract

In this paper, the analysis and the design of a high-efficiency power electronic conversion system for offshore wind applications are presented. This system is composed of a 6-phase AC–DC converter based on the SiC power semiconductors, to be used to control the achievable power from the wind turbine electrical generator. Thanks to the phase redundancy, the proposed boost rectifier is suitable for applications where reliability and fault tolerance capability are the main targets. To select the appropriate power semiconductor devices, voltage and current ratings have to be determined. After that, the power loss equations are derived in order to evaluate the conversion efficiency. To design the appropriate DC-bus capacitor configuration, an analytical investigation is carried out by estimating the DC-bus RMS current and the voltage ripple. Finally, the thermal sizing of the system is calculated to identify a suitable heatsink. To validate the proposed analysis, the analytical results are compared to simulation ones using the Plexim/PLECS tool in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. For further validation, a prototype of the converter is built and the experimental results are carried out. The results demonstrate that the peak efficiency of the 6-phase boost rectifier can reach 98% at 100 kHz switching frequency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Smart Power Electronics)

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26 pages, 19182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Distributed Ledger-Based Automated Marketplace for the Decentralized Trading of Renewable Energy in Smart Grids

by Dušan B. Gajić, Veljko B. Petrović, Nebojša Horvat, Dinu Dragan, Aleksandar Stanisavljević, Vladimir Katić and Jelena Popović

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2121; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062121 - 14 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2501

Abstract

We present a prototype of a decentralized power trading system based on the use of distributed ledger technology. This sort of efficient, decentralized marketplace is needed to empower prosumers and make them first-class members of a smart, decentralized power grid in order to drive further renewable energy adoption. Unlike the bulk of previous work in this field, we focus on private permissioned distributed ledgers rather than conventional blockchains. The proposed solution is entirely independent of cryptocurrency, with an explicit design capability of being adapted piecemeal without any fundamental changes to the present regulatory environment. To be economical, efficient, and scalable, our prototype is based on a lean, Corda-based private permissioned distributed ledger. It allows for instant, automatic bidding on and trading of ‘power promises’ and the robust implementation of short-term, small-scale liquid electrical power futures. We demonstrate that the prototype performs well and presents several clear advantages over existing solutions based on conventional blockchains. Therefore, the proposed approach represents a promising, robust solution to the smart grid decentralized power trading problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Smart Power Electronics)

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20 pages, 5231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Probabilistic Load Flow Analysis in Modern Power Systems with Intermittent Energy Sources

by Filip Mišurović and Saša Mujović

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2038; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062038 - 10 Mar 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2462

Abstract

Renewable resources integration through distributed generation (DG) affects conventional consideration of power system performance and confronts deterministic load flow (DLF) analysis with serious challenges. The DLF gives a snapshot of the system state neglecting all of the uncertainties arising from intermittent DG driven by variable weather conditions or volatile consumption. Therefore, with the aim of finer tracking and presentation of system variables, a probabilistic load flow (PLF) approach should be adopted. First, this article gives a literature overview of different PLF techniques. It focuses on numerical techniques examining them for simple random and Latin Hypercube sampling, vastly applied in previous works, and proposes a method combining Monte Carlo simulations with Halton quasi-random numbers. Stochastic modelling is performed for solar and wind power output. For method comparison and confirmation of the applicability of suggested PLF method with Halton sequences, different IEEE test cases were used, all modified by attaching DGs. More profound method assessment is conducted through discussing different renewables penetration levels and processing time. The overall simulation outcomes have shown that results of Halton method are of similar precision as the generally used Latin Hypercube method and therefore indicated the relevance of the proposed method and its potential for application in contemporary system analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Smart Power Electronics)

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23 pages, 5152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis and Comparison of Power Distribution System Topologies for Low-Voltage DC–DC Automated Guided Vehicle Applications

by Andreas J. Hanschek, Yann E. Bouvier, Erwin Jesacher and Petar J. Grbović

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2012; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15062012 - 09 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3084

Abstract

Automated guided vehicles (AGV) or mobile robots (MR) are being used more and more in modern factories, logistics, etc. To extend the work-time of the robot, kinetic energy recovery systems are implemented to store the braking or lifting energy. In most applications, the energy storage system is a Li-ion battery, which is therefore subjected to increased stress and is also oversized. Super-Capacitors can be used in combination to solve this issue. In this paper, different power distribution systems are analysed and compared, using both single or hybrid storage systems (battery and super-capacitor combined). The comparison is both qualitative, using general system characteristics, and quantitative, using an efficiency/power density Pareto front analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Smart Power Electronics)

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