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Energies
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Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs
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Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 11316

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Azadeh Maroufmashat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montréal, Montréal, Canada
Interests: energy system; optimization; power to gas; hydrogen economy; inetgarted modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current energy systems lack the capacity to accommodate increased future energy demand and to allow the integration of a large number of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) whilst meeting increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Additionally, concerns about energy efficiency are growing as poly-generation energy systems and decentralized generation technologies attract attention; thus, more-flexible energy infrastructure is needed in terms of design, operation, and distribution.

The future of urban energy systems relies on the transition to “smart energy networks” that incorporate energy storage with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The use of DERs is expanding with the reshaping of electricity market infrastructure, the increase in renewable energy generation, and a move towards developing a ‘smart energy network’. Moreover, the energy demands of communities must be considered in a more holistic and comprehensive manner. Mainly through the commercialization of electric vehicles, transportation energy demand must be considered within an overall energy system. Communities and networks of facilities with distributed generation technologies present a variety of energy flow problems.  Consequently, energy management must be seriously considered when different energy sources such as natural gas, electricity, heat, and hydrogen are involved. In response, the concept of energy hubs has grown in prominence as a part of future energy systems, driven by the spread of DERs and the inception of the smart grid.

This Special Issue aims at encouraging researchers to address these important issues through scientific and multi-disciplinary knowledge of optimization and system modeling. We therefore invite relevant papers on innovative technical developments, including reviews, case studies, and assessments.

Dr. Azadeh Maroufmashat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Distributed energy resources (DERs)
  • Multienergy systems
  • Integrated energy systems
  • Energy hubs
  • Smart energy systems
  • Hydrogen economy/power to gas mechanism
  • Operation and planning of integrated energy systems
  • Modeling and optimization
  • Novel optimization and machine learning techniques to tackles multi-energy system problems
  • Technical, economic, and environmental analysis
  • Policy and regulatory aspects, and market models related to multienergy systems
  • Electricity market

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 7427 KiB  
Article
Utilizing Rooftop Renewable Energy Potential for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Multi-Energy Hub Approach
by Syed Taha Taqvi, Ali Almansoori, Azadeh Maroufmashat and Ali Elkamel
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9572; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15249572 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Electric vehicles (EV) have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions. Yet, the current electric vehicle charging infrastructure utilizes electricity generated from non-renewable sources. In this study, the rooftop area of structures is analyzed to assess electricity that can be generated through solar- [...] Read more.
Electric vehicles (EV) have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions. Yet, the current electric vehicle charging infrastructure utilizes electricity generated from non-renewable sources. In this study, the rooftop area of structures is analyzed to assess electricity that can be generated through solar- and wind-based technologies. Consequently, planning an electric vehicle charging infrastructure that is powered through ‘clean’ energy sources is presented. We developed an optimal modeling framework for the consideration of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) along with EV infrastructure. After examining the level of technology, a MATLAB image segmentation technique was used to assess the available rooftop area. In this study, two competitive objectives including the economic cost of the system and CO2 emissions are considered. Three scenarios are examined to assess the potential of RET to meet the EV demand along with the Abu Dhabi city one while considering the life-cycle emission of RET and EV systems. When meeting only EV demand through Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), about 187 ktonnes CO2 was reduced annually. On the other hand, the best economic option was still to utilize grid-connected electricity, yielding about 2.24 Mt CO2 annually. In the scenario of meeting both 10% EV demand and all Abu Dhabi city electricity demand using RE, wind-based technology is only able to meet around 3%. Analysis carried out by studying EV penetration demonstrated the preference of using level 2 AC home chargers compared to other ones. When the EV penetration exceeds 25%, preference was observed for level 2 (AC public 3ϕ) chargers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs)
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19 pages, 2566 KiB  
Article
Optimal Planning of Electricity-Natural Gas Coupling System Considering Power to Gas Facilities
by Jie Xing and Peng Wu
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3400; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14123400 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
Bidirectional coupling systems for electricity and natural gas composed of gas units and power-to-gas (P2G) facilities improve the interactions between different energy systems. In this paper, a combined optimization planning method for an electricity-natural gas coupling system with P2G was studied. Firstly, the [...] Read more.
Bidirectional coupling systems for electricity and natural gas composed of gas units and power-to-gas (P2G) facilities improve the interactions between different energy systems. In this paper, a combined optimization planning method for an electricity-natural gas coupling system with P2G was studied. Firstly, the characteristics of the component model of the electricity-natural gas coupling system were analyzed. The optimization planning model for the electricity-natural gas coupling system was established with the goal of minimizing the sum of the annual investment costs and the annual operation costs. Based on the established model, the construction statuses for different types of units, power lines, and pipelines and the output distribution values for gas units and P2G stations were optimized. Then, the immune algorithm was proposed to solve the optimization planning model. Finally, an electricity-natural gas coupling system composed of a seven-node natural gas system and a nine-node power system was taken as an example to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the model under different scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs)
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14 pages, 2810 KiB  
Article
Decentral Energy Generation Potential of Anaerobic Digestion of Black Water and Kitchen Refuse for Eco-District Planning
by Soufia Mohammadi, Pilar Monsalvete Álvarez de Uribarri and Ursula Eicker
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2948; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14102948 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
Biogas technology is an important alternative energy source worldwide. Blackwater and kitchen refuse represent ideal waste streams for bioenergy recovery through anaerobic co-digestion. Modeling of the biokinetics of anaerobic digestion on several aspects, such as microbial activity, substrate degradation, and methane production, from [...] Read more.
Biogas technology is an important alternative energy source worldwide. Blackwater and kitchen refuse represent ideal waste streams for bioenergy recovery through anaerobic co-digestion. Modeling of the biokinetics of anaerobic digestion on several aspects, such as microbial activity, substrate degradation, and methane production, from co-digestion of black water (BW) and kitchen refuse (KR) was the objective of this research. A mathematical model was developed towards a simulation based on mass balances on biomass, the organic substrate, and biogas. The model was implemented in INSEL and experimental data from the literature were used for model validation. The study shows that the simulation results fit well with the experimental data. The energy consumption and generation potential of anaerobic co-digestion of BW and KR were calculated to investigate if the produced biogas could supply the digester’s energy demand. This study can be used to pre-design anaerobic digestion systems in eco-districts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs)
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20 pages, 456 KiB  
Article
Interval Optimization to Schedule a Multi-Energy System with Data-Driven PV Uncertainty Representation
by Mahtab Kaffash, Glenn Ceusters and Geert Deconinck
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2739; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14102739 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
Recently, multi-energy systems (MESs), whereby different energy carriers are coupled together, have become popular. For a more efficient use of MESs, the optimal operation of these systems needs to be considered. This paper focuses on the day-ahead optimal schedule of an MES, including [...] Read more.
Recently, multi-energy systems (MESs), whereby different energy carriers are coupled together, have become popular. For a more efficient use of MESs, the optimal operation of these systems needs to be considered. This paper focuses on the day-ahead optimal schedule of an MES, including a combined heat and electricity (CHP) unit, a gas boiler, a PV system, and energy storage devices. Starting from a day-ahead PV point forecast, a non-parametric probabilistic forecast method is proposed to build the predicted interval and represent the uncertainty of PV generation. Afterwards, the MES is modeled as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), and the scheduling problem is solved by interval optimization. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study is performed on a real industrial MES. The simulation results show that, by using only historical PV measurement data, the point forecaster reaches a normalized root-mean square error (NRMSE) of 14.24%, and the calibration of probabilistic forecast is improved by 10% compared to building distributions around point forecast. Moreover, the results of interval optimization show that the uncertainty of the PV system not only has an influence on the electrical part of the MES, but also causes a shift in the behavior of the thermal system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs)
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21 pages, 2046 KiB  
Article
An Economic, Environmental and Safety Analysis of Using Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HENG) in Industrial Facilities
by Nicholas Preston, Azadeh Maroufmashat, Hassan Riaz, Sami Barbouti, Ushnik Mukherjee, Peter Tang, Javan Wang, Ali Elkamel and Michael Fowler
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2445; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14092445 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3079
Abstract
The enrichment of natural gas with hydrogen has been identified as a promising pathway for power-to-gas technology with the potential to reduce emissions while achieving feasible return on investment. The evolving regulatory market in the province of Ontario motivates the analysis of business [...] Read more.
The enrichment of natural gas with hydrogen has been identified as a promising pathway for power-to-gas technology with the potential to reduce emissions while achieving feasible return on investment. The evolving regulatory market in the province of Ontario motivates the analysis of business cases for hydrogen on the industrial microgrid scale. This paper aims to investigate the financial and environmental returns associated with producing and storing electrolytic hydrogen for injection into the natural gas feed of a manufacturer’s combined heat and power plants (CHPs). A mathematical methodology was developed for investigating the optimal operation of the integrated system (power-to-gas along with the current system) by considering hydrogen-enriched natural gas. The result of this simulation is an operation plan that delivers optimal economics and an estimate of greenhouse gas emissions. The simulation was implemented across an entire year for each combination of generation price limit and storage coefficient. Because the provincial grid imposes a lesser carbon footprint than that of a pure natural gas turbine, any offset of natural gas by hydrogen reduces the carbon intensity of the system. From an environmental perspective, the amount of carbon abated by the model fell within a range of 3000 ton CO2/year. From a policy perspective, this suggests that a minimum feasible carbon price of $60/ton CO2e must be set by applicable regulatory bodies. Lastly, a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis was performed for the proposed system to validate the safety of the design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Implementation of Clean Energy Hubs)
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