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In previous years, energy storage has been proven to be a key element in the operation of modern power systems and mobile user electronics. Additionally, the share of electric vehicles (EVs) has been increased exponentially, and it is expected that EVs will play a key role in transportation sector the following years. Although the cost of energy storage has been decreased rapidly, these systems are still remaining expensive, and significant investment and research are needed in order to overcome this problem. Energy storage may also be related to size, volume and lifetime limitations, depending on the application.

In modern power systems, energy storage plays a key role, as it enhances the flexibility of the system by increasing the penetration of renewable energy technologies, it improves the efficiency of the system by reducing delivery losses, and it increases system’s reliability and resilience. This role is further extended with the integration of EVs into the system. This Special Issue aims to present the state-of-the-art of energy storage systems and technologies that are mainly related to power systems and EVs, by considering the role of energy storage in its whole scale, including research and new trends, material use, manufacturing process, operational characteristics, recycling and life cycle assessment (LCA).

Dr. Yiannis A. Katsigiannis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Energy storage and conversion
Batteries
Lithium batteries
Solid-state batteries
Graphene batteries
Short-term and long-term energy storage
Stretchable energy storage
Electric vehicles (EVs)
Supercapacitors/ultracapacitors
Flywheels
Pumped hydro storage
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
Thermal energy storage
Hydrogen storage and fuel cells
Autonomous power systems
Renewable energy sources
Effect on power system reliability and resilience
Smart grids
Distributed energy resources (DERs)
Demand side management
Multifunctional materials
Low-cost materials
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of energy storage
Recycling of energy storage technologies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Phase Change Material and Artificial Neural Networks for Smoothing of Heat Flux Fluctuations

by Tomasz Tietze, Piotr Szulc, Daniel Smykowski, Andrzej Sitka and Romuald Redzicki

Energies 2021, 14(12), 3531; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en14123531 - 14 Jun 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1559

Abstract

The paper presents an innovative method for smoothing fluctuations of heat flux, using the thermal energy storage unit (TES Unit) with phase change material and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) control. The research was carried out on a pilot large-scale installation, of which the main component was the TES Unit with a heat capacity of 500 MJ. The main challenge was to smooth the heat flux fluctuations, resulting from variable heat source operation. For this purpose, a molten salt phase change material was used, for which melting occurs at nearly constant temperature. To enhance the smoothing effect, a classical control system based on PID controllers was supported by ANN. The TES Unit was supplied with steam at a constant temperature and variable mass flow rate, while a discharging side was cooled with water at constant mass flow rate. It was indicated that the operation of the TES Unit in the phase change temperature range allows to smooth the heat flux fluctuations by 56%. The tests have also shown that the application of artificial neural networks increases the smoothing effect by 84%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials)

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Review

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10 pages, 1894 KiB

Open AccessReview

APCVD Graphene-Based Composite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

by Christina Floraki, Antonis Sapountzis and Dimitra Vernardou

Energies 2022, 15(3), 926; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en15030926 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2633

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries have numerous advantages, including excellent energy density with high stability. One of the limitations regards the preparation of anode materials at low cost and high safety with good performance. Over the past decade, research has been focused on their improvement as composites, taking advantage of the synergistic effects between the materials. The object of this mini review is to summarize the synthetic strategies of composite electrodes based on graphene that are utilized for lithium-ion chemistries. Emphasis will be given on chemical vapor deposition and how this route can overcome the electrode issues for large-scale deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage, Energy Conversion, and Multifunctional Materials)

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